著者

川口 隆雄 鈴木 淑夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.18-35, 1981-03-31 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

18

著者

瀧川 晶

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.220225, 2022 (Released:2022-06-18)

参考文献数

68

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Astromineralogy has developed as an interdisciplinary field between astronomy and mineralogy since the discovery of crystalline silicate dust from stellar atmospheres by infrared observations in the late 1990s. Cosmic dust repeatedly forms and is destroyed along with the physical evolution of stars, and thus is a carrier of metallic elements in the galactic material circulation. Minerals found in the solar system and on Earth are observed outside the solar system as well. In addition, presolar grains are the very survivors of circumstellar dust, and are the key to understanding the observed dust and its formation process. Understanding the galactic material circulation through the formation and evolution of cosmic dust requires knowledge not only of astronomy but also of petrology and mineralogy. In this paper, I review the progress of astromineralogy including the author's research and discuss how mineralogy has contributed to the development of astromineralogy.

著者

宮脇 律郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.11-18, 2014 (Released:2014-03-11)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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A rare earth mineral is defined as a mineral containing rare earth elements (REE: Sc, Y and lanthanoids) as essential constituents. So far, more than 280 species of RE minerals, as independent species, have been described after the official IMA-CNMNC approval. The chemical bonds between REE and anions possess largely ionic character and the coordination polyhedra of REE are not regular, but rather distorted, in almost all cases. The REE3+ ions exhibit 7 kinds of coordination number between 6 and 12, among which 8 is the most frequently observed. The coordination numbers of the larger Ce-group REE3+ are similar to those of Ca2+ and Th4+, and are generally higher than those of the smaller Y-group REE3+, which is similar to that of U4+. Isomorphous substitutions are commonly observed between cations having similar ionic radii and coordination numbers. The difference in the cation size between the Y- and Ce-group REE results in different crystal structures, when these structures consist of isolated anionic groups, such as CO32− and PO43−. The crystal structures having infinite frameworks, e.g., chains, sheets and 3-dimensional frameworks of silicate, niobates and others, sometimes accept both of the Y- and Ce-group REE in the spaces between/among the frameworks. The isomorphous substitutions between REE3+ and the other heterovalent cations found in the crystal structures of RE minerals are coupled substitutions with charge compensation mechanisms.

著者

片山 信夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.6, pp.383-389, 1966-03-30 (Released:2009-08-11)

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自然科学成立の根拠やその方法・分類などを批判哲学の立場から論じることは,カント以来多くの哲学者や科学者によって試みられているが,それらの中で鉱物学の地位というものは,かならずしも充分に論じ尽くされてはいないようである。鉱物学の過去における役割りはともかくとして,少くとも現在の鉱物学は,一つの境界領域科学として位置づけられる― と著者は考える。そして,鉱物学がどのような境界領域を占めているかを明らかにするためには,まずいわゆる地学の位置づけを論じなければならない。

著者

京都大学理学部地質学鉱物学教室

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.5, pp.362-369, 1954-01-30 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

5

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故田久保教授が稀元素鉱物の研究に著手せられてから今日までに調査研究せられたものは夥しい数になつている。それらのうち既に発表せられている論文は卷頭に挙けられてある如く20数編に及んでいる。ここに最近数年間において研究せられた稀元素鉱物の薪産地を紹介して鉱物採集の案内に供する次第である。

著者

吉村 俊平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.51-57, 2020 (Released:2020-11-03)

参考文献数

35

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Despite its water-rich nature, silicic magma often erupts calmly to discharge bubble-poor lava without accompanying violent explosion. To allow a water-rich magma to avoid explosion, gas phase that forms as a result of decompressive exsolution needs to escape efficiently to the outside of the magma. However, mechanism of this gas escape has long been unclear, mainly because direct evidence of gas pathways is rarely preserved in natural lava samples. In this paper I show that chlorine-content mapping analysis successfully visualizes the gas pathways hidden in groundmass glass. This chlorine mapping analysis was developed based on an idea that chlorine diffusivity in rhyolitic melt is so low that chlorine heterogeneity formed through degassing processes may survive for a long time without being homogenized. Timescales of degassing processes are estimated by applying a diffusion model to the observed heterogeneity. Results of my recent chlorine diffusion experiments are also presented, as the chlorine diffusivity is the key for interpreting the observed heterogeneity.

著者

廣井 孝弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.61-67, 1996-04-25 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Geologic minerals have their own characteristic features in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near infrared (NIR) wavelength regions (e.g., 0.3 to 2.6 μm) of their reflectance spectra. Therefore, meteorites and rocks, which are mixtures of many different minerals, show various, complex, overlapping features in their spectra. Reflectance spectra of asteroids indicate varying surface mineral compositions, some of which are similar to but others are different from meteorites. By classifying asteroids based on their reflectance spectra, their surface materials are shown to vary from high to low temperature materials as they go farther from the Sun. This may imply both that planetesimals in the early solar system had such zoned distribution by (electromagnetic) heating from the Sun or that the inner asteroids grew rapidly enough to make use of short-life radioactive nuclides such as 26Al as a heat source. If we look into the details, however, there are many unresolved questions as to the relationship between asteroids and meteorites such as the issues on the S asteroids and ordinary chondrites.

著者

鹿園 直建 原田 広康 池田 則生 柏木 洋彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.5, pp.149-160, 2009 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

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Dissolution kinetics model calculations were performed for the interaction between three types of basaltic rocks in Japan (Fuji and Hachijyojima fresh basalts and Kitamatsuura altered basalt) and groundwater injected CO2. Dissolution rates of the basalts experimentally determined by the authors (Shikazono et al., 2008) and database of dissolution rate constants of silicate minerals in the basaltic rocks in PATHARC (Talman et al., 2000) were used for the calculations. The results of calculations indicate that most of dissolved carbon in groundwater injected CO2 can be fixed as carbonates in long-term period. The efficiency of carbon fixation is in an order, Hachijyojima>Fuji>Kitamatsuura. But the efficiency is not so different for three basaltic rocks in the fixation of carbon in underground sequestration of CO2. It is inferred that mineral trapping of CO2 by carbonates in basalt aquifer is useful for the long-term fixation of carbon in underground sequestration of CO2.

著者

坂野 靖行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.210511, (Released:2021-11-10)

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Monazite in a granite pegmatite from the Ishikawa district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan has been examined in terms of U, Th, Pb, and rare earth element (REE) chemistry by electron microprobe analysis. Oscillatory and sector zoning were distinguished on the basis of back-scattered electron images. An averaged empirical formula was (Ce0.383Nd0.204La0.136Y0.062Sm0.061Pr0.050Gd0.040Dy0.014Er0.002Th0.046U0.005Ca0.011)∑1.014(P0.952Si0.040)∑0.992O4. Compositional variations suggest that the (Th + U) contents are controlled mainly by the coupled substitution (Th, U)+ Si = REE + P. Analytical data for clear portions of the monazite crystal were arrayed linearly on the PbO-ThO2* (ThO2 plus the equivalent of UO2) diagram and formed a single isochron for a CHIME age of 103 ± 26 Ma (2σ) that is in accord with previously reported radiometric ages for the granitic rocks in the Ishikawa district.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.148, 2021

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<p>黒田吉益先生のご逝去を悼む</p>

著者

佐藤 満雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.25-30, 1983-03-30 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

11

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The characteristic feature of mineral structures strongly depends not only on the space symmetry, but also on the bonding relation of them. The implication of graph theoretical approach for understanding the mineral structures on the above view point is discussed with special refence to three dimensioanl frameworks of tectosilicates.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.148, 2021 (Released:2021-03-11)

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黒田吉益先生のご逝去を悼む

著者

横瀬 久芳 山本 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩鉱 (ISSN:09149783)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.3, pp.86-101, 1996 (Released:2006-12-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 4

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To understand the character of deep-seated crustal components, we have investigated the crustal xenoliths, in Pleistocene andesites from the Kinbo volcano, northwest Kyushu, Japan. Various types of rocks, such as gneiss, Px granulite, Ho-Pl amphibolite, hornblendite, Ho±Cpx gabbro and granitoids, are found as crustal xenolith in the andesites. The average chemical compositions of the crustal xenoliths in Araoyama and Ishigamiyama are similar to those of tholeiitic basalt and basaltic andesite, respectively.     There is no interaction zone between the xenoliths and host andesites in their appearance indicating that the thermal difference between them was small at entrainment. However, complex disequilibrium textures, including breakdown of hydrous minerals, plagioclase with sieve texture and quenched anatectic melt, occur in thin section of almost all the samples. These textures indicate that pyrometamorphism of the xenoliths resulted from the heating of basaltic magma erupted at early stage of the volcano. The parent rocks, eliminating the influence of pyrometamorphism from the xenoliths, presumably equilibrated under amphibolite facies condition, and were heterogeneous basic gneiss as a whole. Based on the lithologic and chemical character of the basic gneiss combined with reported geophysical data in this region, it is expected that the basic gneiss may widely distribute as the crustal components under the Conrad discontinuity in the northwest Kyushu.

著者

鳥海 光弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.167-175, 1990-01-31 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

30

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Rheology of the Earth's crust and mantle is simulated by the plastic behaviour of the polycrystalline quartz and plagioclase, olivine, spinel and perovskite, respectively. To infer the dynamics of the Earth's interior reaching the core-mantle boundary, it needs to study the constitutive flow laws and preferred lattice orientation formation of these crustal and mantle materials. The aim of this paper is to review the recent development of the rheological study of these processes and to add the new constraints on the seismically anisotropic convective mantle.

著者

富阪 武士

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.311-320, 1988-08-31 (Released:2009-08-11)

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Until the middle of the seventeenth century, studies on crystal have been made in mineralogy. At the end of the eighteenth, the classical crystallography as one part of mineralogy has been taken up into the academic system. On and after the nineteenth century, the crystallography has formed the own originl system, andhas developed in an intimate mutual relation with physics and chemistry as basicsciences. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the cristallography has developed as amodern science, and was differentiated into structural crystallography or mathematical crystallography, physical crystallography or crystal physics, and chemical crystallography or crystal chemistry. In these mutual relations, the synthesis of the branches has assumed the character of crystal sciences, and was permited in physics, chemistry and material science as a basic science and also in metallurgy, material technology, pharmancy and agricalture as applied sciences. The crystal science has developed as an interdisciplinary science and has grown into an intimate relation with other sciences. In this paper, we sum up the aspect of the progress by describing the epoch-making events and historical consideration of modern crystallography, concerned with other sciences, during the early nineteenth century up to the first half of the twenteenth century. Besides, we try to show the results of research summing them up in a chronological table as an additional remark.

著者

荒井 章司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.247-256, 2012 (Released:2012-12-29)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

4 4

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Podiform chromitites have been interpreted as cumulates formed via melt/harzburgite reaction and subsequent melt mixing within the upper mantle. Recent finding of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) minerals such as diamond from some podiform chromitites has, however, seriously required us to reconsider the whole framework of podifrom chromitite genesis. The UHP podiform chromitites are characterized by presence of frequent silicate lamellae in chromian spinel and only PGE (platinum-group elements) alloys as platinum-group minerals. The UHP chromitites were possibly formed by deep recycling of the ordinary low-pressure podiform chromitites. Diamonds could be formed by reduction of CO2 metasomatically supplied to chromian spinel in advance. Silicate lamellae in chromian spinel of UHP chromitites were possibly derived from primary silicate inclusions (pyroxenes, pargasite and Na phlogopite), commonly found in the low-pressure chromitite. They were decomposed/partially melted and resolved in high-pressure chromian spinel during compression/heating during downward transportation, and were exsolved as silicate lamellae on decompression/cooling during uprising. PGE sulfides commonly found in the low-pressure chromitite may have been decomposed to PGE alloys and sulfur-rich melt/fluid that were removed outside.   We should systematically re-examine all podiform chromitites that have been ever documented, but our preliminary examination indicates that both concordant and discordant chromitites from Oman ophiolite are of low-pressure origin, containing primary pargasite inclusions in chromian spinel. More thorough characterization of the UHP chromitite may enable us to place constraints on the style of mantle convection that provided the MORB source possibly comprising the UHP chromitite. Possible presence of ringwoodite as one of UHP minerals in chromitite may favor the two-layer mantle convection for supplying the source mantle that formed the oceanic lithosphere.

著者

杉 健一 久綱 正典

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物鉱床学会誌 (ISSN:00214825)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.209-224, 1944 (Released:2018-08-02)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 5

著者

宿野 浩司 荒井 章司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩鉱 (ISSN:09149783)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.4, pp.120-140, 1999 (Released:2006-08-07)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

8 8

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西南日本,中国地方には,新生代玄武岩類が多数存在しており,それらは火山群を形成している。これらの玄武岩中のかんらん石斑晶とそれらに包有されたクロムスピネルの化学組成から,マントルレスタイトを推定した。推定されたマントルレスタイトは,各々の玄武岩火山群において特徴的な性質を示すことがわかった。すなわち,津山,吉備,世羅ではレールゾライト; 黒岩高原,横田,比婆ではレールゾライトからハルツバーガイト; 松江ではレールゾライト(11 Ma)とハルツバーガイト(1 Ma),倉吉ではハルツバーガイト; 隠岐島後ではレールゾライトである。この結果は,従来の溶融実験から求められた融け残り岩と,ほぼ一致している。また,中国地方の玄武岩中のクロムスピネルの Cr# は,時間とともに高くなる傾向がある。これらは,西南日本において度重なる玄武岩活動によって,もたらされたものであると考えられる。

著者

大藤 弘明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.12-18, 2012 (Released:2012-03-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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The 3D packing structures of microcrystals in framboidal pyrite have been investigated by morphological observations and crystallographic orientation analyses using the EBSD technique to understand its self-organization process. The packing structures are basically classified into three types: (i) face-centered cubic (fcc), (ii) icosahedral and (iii) random packings. The orientation analyses on many ordered (fcc) framboids revealed that about a half of the microcrystals in a framboid involve high-angle (~ 90°) misorientation. This means that even in morphologically highly ordered framboids, the crystallographic orientations of microcrystals are not uniform, suggesting that the self-organization process of framboidal microcrystals is not crystallographically controlled. We propose a three-step model for the self-organization: (1) simultaneous nucleation of monodispersive pyrite microcrystals in a fixed volume (from precursor FeS), (2) aggregation of the randomly oriented microcrystals driven by surface forces and the reduction in total surface energy associated with both the individual microcrystals and the whole aggregate, resulting in the formation of the framboidal texture, and 3) reorientation of the microcrystals driven by further reduction in surface energy associated with the grain boundaries.

著者

逸見 吉之助

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

鉱物学雜誌 (ISSN:04541146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.182-186, 1955-05-30 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

4