著者
高橋 勝利 山本 浩太郎 大西 美輪 三村 徹郎
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.66-72, 2018 (Released:2018-06-22)
参考文献数
26

Imaging MS is a new tool to map the spatial distribution of molecules including secondary metabolites on the biological materials. By using combinations of scanning system and various methods for ionization, matrices, and mass apparatuses, we can detect localization of biomolecules in tissues. Recently, we applied Imaging MS to intact plant tissues by the in house-developed apparatus which has the refinement of Matrix Associated Laser Desorption/Ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) MS incorporating ultra-high mass resolution, ultra-high molecular mass accuracy and high spatial resolution. This Imaging MS analysis succeeded in visualizing of cellular localization of secondary metabolites of Catharanthus roseus stem tissues glued to a small conductive glass.
著者
豊田 正嗣
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.2, pp.146-151, 2018 (Released:2018-12-28)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
1

Unlike animals, plants do not possess the central nervous system, but they can immediately sense local environmental stresses, such as mechanical wounding and herbivore attack, propagate this information throughout the plant body and activate systemic defence responses in distant organs. However, the molecular machinery underlying such rapid sensory and systemic signal transduction is poorly understood. Using genetically-encoded calcium ion (Ca2+) and glutamic acid (Glu) indicators and a highly-sensitive wide-field fluorescence microscope, we have visualized the plant-wide spatial and temporal dynamics of cytosolic Ca2+ and apoplastic Glu levels in response to wounding in Arabidopsis leaves. Here, we show that glutamate is a wound signal in plants that is leaked to the apoplastic region from damaged cells/tissues. The GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE (GLR) family of Ca2+-permeable channels act as sensors that convert this damage-associated signal into an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. This Ca2+ signal propagates throughout the entire plant via the plant-specific tissue/structure, phloem and plasmodesmata, and preemptively activates resistance responses in the distant undamaged organs.
著者
間藤 徹
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の化学調節 (ISSN:03889130)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.198-206, 1997-12-25 (Released:2018-03-15)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
5
著者
青木 考
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.125-132, 2015-12-21 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
59

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been regarded as a model of plants that bear fleshy fruits, and of plants belonging to Solanaceae family. Various resources have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying control of fruit quality as well as quantity, and also to elucidate how genomic diversity links to phenotypic diversity. The tomato reference genome sequence published in 2012 uncovered the evolutionary history of tomato genome which conferred functional diversity to tomato genes. Availability of various tomato variety has huge potential to elucidate the correlation between DNA sequence and phenotype in high resolution by comparative genome analysis. In this mini-review, I will first overview what we have learned from the tomato genome sequencing followed by a deluge of genome resequencing. In the second part, I will briefly refer to the post-genome perspectives in tomato research, with a specific focus on the use of tomato plant in the development of New Plant Breeding Techniques.
著者
来須 孝光 林 晃之 朽津 和幸
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.121-129, 2007-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
68

植物ホルモン,病原体の感染,環境ストレスなどに対する植物の応答過程では,さまざまな刺激により細胞外やオルガネラ(細胞内Ca^<2+>ストア)から細胞質中へのCa^<2+>動員が誘導され,二次メッセンジャーとして細胞内シグナル伝達系において中心的な役割を果たす.この際,それぞれの刺激に特有の細胞質Ca^<2+>濃度変化の時間的・空間的パターンが情報の識別に重要と考えられているが,パターンの形成に関与するCa^<2+>動員に関与する分子やその調節機構は,長く謎に包まれていた.最近になって,細胞膜や液胞膜に存在するCa^<2+>チャネル遺伝子が同定され始め,Ca^<2+>動員制御の分子機構の研究が本格的に開始されつつある.本稿では,最近同定された植物のさまざまな種類のCa^<2+>チャネル分子について概説すると共に,アブシジン酸,感染シグナル(エリシター),機械刺激などの刺激を例に取り,ストレス応答シグナル伝達系の初期過程における細胞内のCa^<2+>の動態とその制御機構について解説する.
著者
大西 利幸
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.99-105, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)
参考文献数
34

Plants have the ability to synthesize and emit a diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may act as aroma and flavor molecules in response to insect herbivores, mechanical wounding, and attraction of pollinators. Plants also have the capacity to accumulate the VOCs into plant itself. Several plant species morphologically develop specialized glandular trichomes to store VOCs which are released in response to tissue damage for chemical defense such as inhibiting microbial growth or deterring herbivores. Glycosylation is another machinery for safely storing VOCs into normal cells. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) stores VOCs with glycosylation in tea leaves, mainly conjugated to β-primeverosides, the most abundant form of aroma diglycosides in C. sinensis. Here, we introduced two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from C. sinensis, UGT85K11 (CsGT1) and UGT94P1 (CsGT2), converting VOCs into β-primeverosides by sequential glucosylation and xylosylation, respectively. This information can be used to preserve tea aroma better during the manufacturing process and to investigate the mechanism of plant chemical defenses.
著者
河岸 洋和
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.78-84, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)
参考文献数
18

2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX, 1) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA, 2) were isolated from a fairy-ring forming fungus Lepista sordida. AHX was converted into a metabolite, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH, 3), in plants. Afterward, it turned out that these three compounds, fairy chemicals (FCs), endogenously exist in plants and are biosynthesized via a new purine metabolic pathway. FCs gave tolerance to various stresses to plants and regulated growth of all the plants tested. Furthermore, some metabolites of FCs were found. In addition, FCs increased the yields of rice, wheat and other crops in green-house and/or field experiments.