著者

溝口 彰子 岩橋 恒太 大江 千束 杉浦 郁子 若林 苗子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.211-225, 2014-03-31

著者

中山 佳子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.61-84, 2018-03-31

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This paper discusses aged mens' employment of kawaii discourse from theperspective of feminist gerontology. First, the function of kawaii discourse is examined in the context of theJapanese society, based on previous research. Throughout the analysis, thispaper points out that the effects of kawaii discourse place the "kawaii person"in a subordinate position within society, reinforcing the power relationshipbetween dominant/powerful and submissive/powerless. This dominant/powerful-submissive/powerless relationship does not exclude other binaryrelations, notably the relationship between young and old. While previousstudies analyzed gender relationships by positioning women on the kawaii side,my study focuses on the process of men employing kawaii practices. By examining representations of the Ojisan (middle-aged man) in magazinesand on the Internet, this paper clarifies how men become marginalized fromthe male homosocial relationship of the dominant class as they age. Moreover,this paper examines how the function of kawaii discourse toward aged menredefines their age in a positive manner, while denying aging itself. Through thisexamination, this paper concludes that men can overcome the negative aspectsof ageing by interjecting kawaii discourse.

著者

溝口 彰子 岩橋 恒太 大江 千束

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.211-225, 2014

著者

三宅 大二郎 平森 大規

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.1-26, 2023-03-31

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In recent years, the aromantic/asexual spectrum has become more visible in Japan, and research on sexual orientation among the aromantic/asexual spectrum remains limited but is increasing. However, there is extremely little research that focuses on romantic orientation. Studies on romantic orientation in Western countries tend to discuss aromanticism as one of the romantic orientations that asexual people possess. In Japan, on the other hand, the framing of romantic orientation in the aromantic/asexual spectrum community differs from that in Western countries, as the terminology in Japan occasionally labels someone “asexual” only if they are neither romantically nor sexually attracted to other people. Furthermore, extant quantitative research tends to be limited to discussions that rely on the dichotomy of aromantic or not, despite findings from community-based surveys that suggest romantic orientation is multifaceted, making it necessary to discuss various dimensions of romantic orientation. This study used the “Aromantic/Asexual Spectrum Survey 2020,” a web survey conducted by the Aro/Ace Survey Executive Committee, to examine the multidimensionality of romantic orientation by describing romantic identity, romantic attraction, and romantic desire. Findings indicated that the distributions of romantic attraction before and after self identification as aro-ace differed by aromantic spectrum identity, such as alloromantic, aromantic, gray(a)romantic, demiromantic, lithromantic, and questioning. Differences by aromantic spectrum identity were also observed in the distributions of deep interest in a particular person, romantic excitement, and the desire to date. Items related to desires that involve actions with others, such as the desire to date, tended to have a lower percentage of positive responses than items related to desires that do not necessarily involve actions with others, such as deep interest in a particular person and romantic excitement.

著者

平森 大規

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.91-118, 2015

著者

溝口 彰子 岩橋 恒太 大江 千束 杉浦 郁子 若林 苗子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.211-225, 2014-03-31

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This paper lists ethical and procedural points that the co-authors believeare crucial for both researchers and research subjects in the realm of queerstudies. While the definition of the term “queer(kuia)” in Japanese tendsto be broader and more ambiguous than in English because there is nostrict equivalent to “queer” in Japanese language, in this paper the authorsstart with the premise that Japanese-language research projects in thequeer realm tend to be interdisciplinary and tend to involve people whoidentify themselves as sexual minorities, commonly called “LGBT(lesbian,gay, bisexual, and transgender).” As such, research endeavors in the queerrealm have different kinds of difficulties and risks from those in otherrealms. Though each researcher usually belongs to another, moretraditional discipline such as sociology, art history, and literary studies,among others, in addition to queer studies, the existing guidelines andtextbooks in such traditional disciplines do not address the risks andproblems particular to research in the queer realm. As the first attempt in the Japanese language to “spell out” such queerrelatedrisks, issues, and also possible ways to alleviate them, this tentativeguideline nevertheless does not profess to be comprehensive or universal.Yet the authors believe that it is imperative for Japanese-language “queer”researchers to start to acknowledge specific risks and issues. In order tohelp the researchers(including graduate and undergraduate students),instructors(including the ones that are not at all aware of LGBT issues),research subjects or collaborators(who give interviews and provideinformational materials such as the back issues of self-published zines),this paper is organized in four categories. They are: 1)“what needs to beconsidered in the field of queer inquiry by both the researchers andresearch subjects,” 2)“what both the instructors and students of queersubject matter need to be careful about in the academic context,” 3)“important points about textual analysis of queer material,” and 4)“necessary procedures at the time of publishing and presenting the resultsof queer research topics.” This paper discusses the complex dynamicsbetween researchers and research subjects especially in cases in which theresearchers themselves are members of sexual minorities. In such cases,the researchers might encourage research subjects of the same minoritygroup to participate in their research without obtaining enoughinformation about the skill, scope and aim of the researcher and theresearch project. This paper also examines the differences between queerreadings and outing the artists and authors of the texts and representations,among many other issues.

著者

田中 麻子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.91-112, 2014-03-31

著者

ALZATE Juliana Buritica

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.133-157, 2015

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この論文は、フェミニスト障害学を通して、身体肯定と自己肯定の関連における相互信頼(interdependence)の問題について論じる。著者は「倫理の想像力」の概念に目を向けつつ、障害のある身体の経験に対して関心を持っており、このアプローチが、身体を恥じることから身体を肯定することへの文化的態度の変化という提案して大きく寄与することを論じる。 相互依存に対する肯定的な視点は、身体についての肯定的なイメージと自己肯定のより高い感覚を明るみに出す。相互依存の概念は次の三つのセクションで論じる。第一のセクションでは、間主観性の概念について明らかにし、身体と自己の間に生じる断裂を修復することに焦点を当てる。第二のセクションでは互恵関係とケアの概念について論じ、自立という理想に挑む。第三のセクションでは、自らの身体を肯定することおよび自尊心の観念と照らし合わせ、相互依存の概念について論じる。 相互依存は、障害者にも健常者にも影響を与えるもので、自立と自己充足の神話を解体する鍵となる語である。フェミニズムの障害学的視点からすると、我々は自由のしるしとしての自立の概念について再検討することが推奨される。相互依存は、自らの身体を肯定することと自尊心に対する一つのアプローチとして考えられる。相互依存を受け入れることは自分の弱さを受け入れることである。 身体障害者の経験から得られる重要な教訓とは、自己受容、ケア、そして他者の受容という三者の関係性や、身体は決して単独で存在しないという事実を含んでいる。つまり、相互に信頼しあうこととは、我々が関わりあう主体としての他者のことを慮るよう我々に促すものである。他者と関わりあうという行為は、団結と互恵モデルにとって決定的なものである。ゆえに、相互依存は我々を身体肯定と自己肯定に近づける。

著者

藤高 和輝

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.183-204, 2017-03-31

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Gender performativity is the most famous and influential theory in Judith Butler. It questioned the sex/ gender distinction which some feminists took for granted at that time when Gender Trouble (1990) was published. This distinction regarded sex as the natural category on the one hand, gender as the cultural expression of sex on the other hand. It means naturalizing the dualistic representation of gender. On the contrary, Butler's performative theory suggested that sex is not a natural category, but is a fiction which is constructed by repeating gender performances. Through denaturalizing gender, her theory criticizes the representation of gender/ sexual minorities as "unnatural" and "abnormal," and seeks to theorize the way to make their survival possible. This paper examines how gender performativity was theorized from the 1980s to Gender Trouble. Interestingly, her performative theory cannot be reduced to speech act theory, but it was also formed in relation to other theories; feminist/ queer theory and performance theory. Indeed, in her article "Performative Act and Gender Constitution" (1988) in which she referred to "performative" at first, Butler started from Simone de Beauvoir's text, The Second Sex, and then reread Beauvoir's idea of "gender as act" as "social performance" in performance theory. Moreover, she extended Beauvoir's argument of denaturalizing sex, referring to Gayle Rubin's study of kinship, Monique Wittig's theory of sex, and Esther Newton's analysis of Drag Queen. Thus, her performative theory is found not only in the context of speech act theory, but also in contexts of feminist/ queer theory and performance theory. From this genealogical perspective, this article seeks to rethink gender performativity.

著者

羽生 有希

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.149-174, 2016

著者

藤高 和輝

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU = ジェンダー&セクシュアリティ : 国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センタージャーナル (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.183-204, 2017

著者

松浦 優

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.115-137, 2020-03-31

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Judith Butler’s theory of melancholy gender echoes some findings inasexuality studies; however, it does not consider asexual agency. Thus, thisarticle aims to review Butler’s literature from the standpoint of asexualitystudies. I argue that Freudian theory denies the possibility of asexualitybecause of its hypothesis of primary narcissism. Similar to melancholia,primary narcissism has the “trace” of the object. However, Butler overlooksthe significant difference between melancholia and primary narcissism. Unlikemelancholia, primary narcissism is not marked by the experience of selfberatement;thus, it does not contain any affects that can be converted topolitical expression. In the system of compulsory sexuality, asexuality can besituated in a similar position. Based on the above points, I refer to theprohibition of homosexuality in melancholia as “foreclosure” and the denialof asexuality in primary narcissism as “erasure.” In this way, Butler’sframework is extended in order to theorize the possibility of resistance inasexuality.

著者

松浦 優

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.115-137, 2020-03-31

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Judith Butler's theory of melancholy gender echoes some findings inasexuality studies; however, it does not consider asexual agency. Thus, thisarticle aims to review Butler's literature from the standpoint of asexualitystudies. I argue that Freudian theory denies the possibility of asexualitybecause of its hypothesis of primary narcissism. Similar to melancholia,primary narcissism has the "trace" of the object. However, Butler overlooksthe significant difference between melancholia and primary narcissism. Unlikemelancholia, primary narcissism is not marked by the experience of selfberatement;thus, it does not contain any affects that can be converted topolitical expression. In the system of compulsory sexuality, asexuality can besituated in a similar position. Based on the above points, I refer to theprohibition of homosexuality in melancholia as "foreclosure" and the denialof asexuality in primary narcissism as "erasure." In this way, Butler'sframework is extended in order to theorize the possibility of resistance inasexuality.

著者

平森 大規

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.91-118, 2015

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This research analyzes the effect of being a sexual and/or genderminority on income, and the effect of discriminatory language andbehavior toward sexual and gender minorities in the workplace onwillingness to continue working. Utilizing the "Survey on LGBT Issues in theWorkplace Environment 2014" conducted by Nijiiro Diversity, a nonprofitorganization, the multiple regression analyses reveal that being a minorityin terms of sexual orientation and being a transgender individual haveeffects on income, without control variables. With control variables, theassociation between income and identifying as lesbian or gay, identifyingas bisexual when gender at birth was male, or being a transgenderindividual whose gender at birth was female became insignificant.However, even after controlling other variables, being a bisexual whosegender at birth was female, being a transgender whose assigned gender atbirth was male, and possessing other sexual orientations had negativeeffects on income. This suggests that economic discrimination againstsexual and gender minorities affects various categories of sexual andgender minorities differently. Further, findings indicate that the existenceof discriminatory language and behavior toward sexual and genderminorities in the workplace has a negative effect on willingness to continueworking. As this paper used a web survey, the conclusions should not beovergeneralized.

著者

五十嵐 舞

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.169-185, 2014-03-31

著者

羽生 有希

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.149-174, 2016-03-31

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Resonating with early queer theory's motifs such as appropriation, LeeEdelman's No Future or its central theme, queer negativity, has received notonly applause but also fair criticism, and thereby occupied one of the centralpositions in recent queer theory. In response to such criticism, Edelmanclarifies that the negativity he proposes should not be equated with thesimple negation of particular political positions, and its refusal of “positiveidentity” should rather be directed to the identity principle on which ourwhole society rests. Although such a radical challenge to positive identitycannot be underestimated, we might question whether such a drive-like,amorphous queer resistance tacitly preserves or rehabilitates the positiveidentity it purports to negate. It should also be asked how, while criticizingsuch an insidious risk, we can reframe queer negativity.In order to answer these questions, this paper firstly examines thesimilarities between the argument of queer negativity and that of Frenchfeminist theory, focusing on the concept of improper subject; botharguments, relying on Lacanian psychoanalysis, insist on dis (ap) propriationof identity.After demonstrating their connection, the second section of this paperexplores the criticism offered by Gayatri C. Spivak of such insistence on thedivided subject, and, by doing so, marks the risk that the argument of queernegativity might entail. This section first considers her criticism againstJacqueline Rose. Based on Derridean affirmative deconstruction and hisuse of catachresis, Spivak proposes to understand the subjectivity of thedecentered subject not as a privileged right but as “a bind to be watched”.She also warns against Rose’s reduction of the difference between theontico-epistemological subject and the ethicopolitical subject. Through a reading of such criticism, this paper suggests that an argument like thatof Rose implicitly obliterates the trace of the wholly-other, which is onlynoticeable by attending to the catachresis “woman”, and that it reintroducesthe sovereign subject.The latter part of the second section connects such metaphysicalarguments with the political analysis also made by Spivak. This partexplores the criticism against Foucault / Deleuze, focusing on (A) the statusof the “desire” as catachresis and (B) the inattention to the gap betweendescriptive representation and political representation, which can berespectively compared with (A’) the status of the catachresis “woman” and(B’) the reduction of the difference between the ontico-epistemologicalsubject and the ethicopolitical subject. The inattention to the gap betweenDarstellung and Vertrerung leads to, according to Spivak, the perpetuation ofbourgeois ideology. Functioning with that kind of ideology, the confusion ofthe desire of the empirical instance with that of the transcendental instancerehabilitates the S / subject and implicitly preserves the transparent subjectof the theorists. This paper, based on the similarities between the argumentof queer negativity and that of the French feminist theory demonstratedearlier, lastly directs the criticism on French theory offered by Spivak to theargument of queer negativity. It concludes that queer negativity is to be“watched” in order to affirm the radical negativity of the other.

著者

堀 真悟

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.33-60, 2015

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The objective of this paper is to critically examine the problemssurrounding a constructionism of social problems, which is rooted in theconcept of claim-making activity, by returning to its original model. The concept of claim-making analyzes the activities of people whoconstruct social problems, the idea for which was taken from the surge ofminorities who came out in the 1960s and 70s. However, theconstructionism of social problems has an underlying methodologicalproblem, as it ignores its pair concept: that of the closet. Until now, themagnetic field of epistemological power that is able to understand people's activities in advance–what Eve Sedgwick termed "the epistemology ofthe closet" ̶has been overlooked. When researchers use the concept ofclaim-making, they make the activities of people both divisible andcomprehensible, which in turn makes Erving Goffman's "encounter"possible. Yet, at the same time, it is an act of power that involves theremoval of things that are not understandable, and through this,researchers obtain a kind of self-contained pleasure through theirdiscovery of "truth." The key to overcoming such problems inherent in the constructionism ofsocial problems lies within the experiences traditionally discarded as being"incomprehensible." Third World feminist scholar Mari Oka recalled suchexperiences as being a type of "missed encounter." Through conducting aceaseless dialogue with the experience of "missed encounters," which arerecursive in nature like trauma, one can re-imagine/re-create the realityone has safely inhabited until the present. In fact, this may be the onlysignificant task permitted by a constructionism of social problems.

著者

田島 悠来 タジマ ユキ Yuki TAJIMA

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and sexuality : journal of Center for Gender Studies, ICU (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.53-81, 2013

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Using men's studies,this paper will examine the images and reception of"Johnny's"in "myojo" magazine(Shuueisha).At the same time,it willdeepen the understnading of its conception through interviews with theeditor.Magazines from November 2002-October 2012,including thefront cover,reader's page and colored photographs,will be analyzed.Theresearcn focuses on finding a connection between Johnny's and thereaders,and how the relationships between Johnny's stars are depicted.Especially regarding the latter point,this essay argues that there is a connecion to the theories of Eve Sedgewick on"homosocial,homophobia,and misogyny"(1985-2001). The above leads to the conclusion that,in Myojo,Johnny's arerepresented as tne readers'love interests,so the magazine functions asthe site of a pseudo-romance between the readers and the entertainers.In addition,it seems clear that this is the editor's purpose.In themagazine,while excluding women and emphasizing the bond betweenJohnny's members,homosociality is highlighted,and further,assosiatedwith homosexuality in both discourse and symbolism.Conversely,Johnny's express their manliness through their rivalries and their highlevel of athletic ability,which constitutes an opposing image to that ofhomosexuality.In conclusion,although the magazine depictshomosocial relationships between Johnny"s members without homophobia,there is no connection to Sedgewick's theories because these relationshipsare created by a female perspective,are about aheterosexual love imagined by the editors,and occur in the limited spaceof"readers will outgrow the material sooner or later."

著者

菊地 夏野

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.9-29, 2016-03-31

著者

福田 和子

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.141-144, 2020-03-31