著者

横山 知幸

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.141-157, 2015

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This article investigates word order differences in English-Japanese translation. The first half of this article focuses first on the word order differences between English and Japanese from the viewpoint of linguistic typology, and second on historical developments of interlinear word-for-word translation in Japan. The latter half of this article analyzes a nineteenth-century English self-study book, which has interlinear word-for-word Japanese translation with numbers indicating the order for translating English words into Japanese words. This type of self-study book is the prototype for the basic translation method in Japan. A simple computer program for the data analysis software called "R" was written to analyze the order for translating English words into Japanese words. The results explain some important aspects of how and why a few word order differences between English and Japanese develop into complicated zigzag patterns in the basic translation method in Japan.

著者

中島 正博

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.177-192, 2003

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This paper considers a man-and-nature relation through a hunter-gatherers lifestyle in the Japanese prehistoric Jomon period. The Jomon people developed their lifestyle by hunting and gathering natural resources in the forests, rivers and seas in the Neolithic Age, when the forest widely regenerated after the glacial period. They utilized natural resources not only by collecting resources but also growing and processing them. Because of these active operations upon the nature, there was strain between man and the nature due to overuses and among peoples for the access to the resources. The Jomon people developed communities where a social order was imbedded to sustain the nature and people's life, i. e. , coexistence of the nature and man. By considering hunter-gatherers lifestyles in the past and present, it is thought that the Jomon people looked upon the nature as cyclic lives repeating life and death and as well as partners whom they had to associate or even negotiate with. Since nature's prosperity was vital for the people's life, they associated with the nature to enhance her prosperity by spiritual attitude of thank, awe and respect with such an expression as offerings. These are Jomon people's views on the nature and life and on their man-and-nature relation.

著者

原 雅樹

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 = Hiroshima Journal of International Studies (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.[79]-90, 2021-12-01

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In Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897), the Transylvanian vampire Dracula plans to invade England by sucking the blood of "new women" who embody the late 19th century sexual anarchy, and transforming them into his own species. The novel seemingly re-enforces traditional sexual norms because he is eventually defeated by the vampire hunters fighting to protect England, and Mina, who acts as their "angel in the house", a de-eroticized woman engaging in reproduction. However, a number of studies, including queer criticism that interprets bloodsucking as a metaphor for homosexuality, have attempted to bring to light the radical sexual politics latent in the novel. This paper argues that Mina "the angel in the house" is, paradoxically, even more perverse than Dracula, the embodiment of dangerous sexuality that threatens reproductive normativity. She not only directs her maternal love to Dracula, but also tries to help the men by copying the miscellaneous records about Dracula with a typewriter and editing them into a story, that is, Dracula. Since Dracula burns the original records, people can only learn about him through the copies, both in the world of the novel and in the real world. Mina is portrayed as a sexual pervert who, acting as an "angel in the house," gives birth to Dracula. By depicting her as a woman who subverts sexual norms through her subordination to them, the author is trying to present an alternative to the modern liberal subjectivity, what we might call liberty without subjectivity.

著者

相田 美穂

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.105-118, 2014

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Fujoshi are women with enthusiastic interest in genres of fiction known as yaoi and BL ("boys love"), which express male-male romantic and sexual relationships. Fujoshi are thus a kind of devoted fan, or "otaku." This paper examines, through the perspective of gender, how representations of fujoshi have changed over the past few years, incorporating perspectives from the work of the Japanese academic and social critic Azuma Hiroki, in particular his concept of "moe" character-based consumption. Azuma makes a distinction between sexual desire situated in the genitals and "sexuality" as subjectivity. Male otaku respond to moe characters, or images in manga, animation, and in the mode of Azuma's sexual desire, while their consumption practice is what Azuma calls "database consumption," typified by "moe" characters, images with features that elicit a "moe" response of desire. Representations of fujoshi have been among consumer products constructed for male otaku.13;I aim to demonstrate that fujoshi, who are both readers and writers of fujoshi manga, work to undermine, through the fujoshi image, the gender relations in which they themselves are involved. In other words, through the fictions that they create, fujoshi protest male-oriented fictions. Through this, they also resist male otaku desires that would keep them confined within two-dimensional fantasy worlds.

著者

永井 義人

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.1-11, 2015

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Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture, and Miryang City, South Gyeongsang Province (South Korea), formed sister government ties in October, 1990, and made extensive efforts on developing friendly relations with each other. However, the interexchange was interrupted, because the Japan-South Korea relation had deteriorated after the establishment of the "Takeshima Day" Ordinance by Shimane Prefectural Assembly in 2005. After the interruption, the mayor of Yasugi visited South Korea in a personal capacity, and showed his desire to resume the interexchange to the mayor of Miryang in May, 2006. As a result, the interexchange resumed.13;The subject of this research is to clarify the process of resuming the interexchange between Yasugi City and Miryang City, and also to describe the situation after the program resumed during confrontations between Japan and South Korea. Although continuing the interexchange became difficult again in 2008, because of Japanese and South Korean provocations regarding Takeshima, an unstable interexchange has continued until now (2015). The interexchange was continued thanks to positive efforts of the mayors. However, when the mayors changed, continuation of the interexchange was threatened. The conclusion of this case study is that it is not easy to build a foundation for interexchange programs during confrontation between nations.

著者

金谷 信子

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 = Hiroshima Journal of International Studies (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.43-60, 2017-11-30

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This paper examines the differences in behaviors between nonprofit providers and for-profit providers of Long-Term Care Services (LTCS) for the elderly in Japan by analyzing whether providers compromise on quality and engage in strategies to maximize profits. The quasi-market was introduced to improve the efficiency of the former public welfare service, which was limited to serving the public and nonprofit organizations. However, there is considerable doubt about LTCS's ability to balance the market mechanism with the fairness or equality of public services.Therefore, I examine the possibility of service quality compromises and the tendency toward strategic behaviors, e.g., the selection of users and service locations, economies of scale, and economies of scope. The results indicate the service quality of nonprofit providers may be better than that of for-profit providers. For-profit providers also seem to select profitable users and service locations and seek the scale and scope of economies more positively than nonprofit providers.

著者

佐藤 深雪

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.45-58, 2014

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It is an accepted notion that NATSUME Sōseki was influenced by the new psychology that was introduced by William James. In this paper, I argue that Sōseki was also influenced by the new American sociology, that is, the pragmatic social theory introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce, which emerged at the same time as the new psychology.13;To support this hypothesis, I focus on Sōseki's notion of the Group F in his Bungakuron (Theory of Literature), published in 1907, arguing that Group F comes from Peirce's philosophy.13;In Section Ⅱ, I investigate the contemporary discourse in Tetsugaku Zasshi (Journal of Philosophy), a magazine that was first published in 1887, in order to know the context of Bungakuron. In Section Ⅲ, I define the meaning of Group F by considering the previous research. In Sections Ⅳ and Ⅴ, I discuss the sociological aspects of Bungakuron concerning their relationship with Peirce's.13;I conclude that Bungakuron is based on classical American pragmatism which includes the contexts of both psychology and sociology. There is no such hypothesis in the research history of Bungakuron. This paper is significant as it provides a new hypothesis to be examined and reveals NATSUME Sōseki among the most radical avant-garde writers in twentieth century world literature.

著者

相田 美穂

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.105-118, 2014

---

Fujoshi are women with enthusiastic interest in genres of fiction known as yaoi and BL ("boys love"), which express male-male romantic and sexual relationships. Fujoshi are thus a kind of devoted fan, or "otaku." This paper examines, through the perspective of gender, how representations of fujoshi have changed over the past few years, incorporating perspectives from the work of the Japanese academic and social critic Azuma Hiroki, in particular his concept of "moe" character-based consumption. Azuma makes a distinction between sexual desire situated in the genitals and "sexuality" as subjectivity. Male otaku respond to moe characters, or images in manga, animation, and in the mode of Azuma's sexual desire, while their consumption practice is what Azuma calls "database consumption," typified by "moe" characters, images with features that elicit a "moe" response of desire. Representations of fujoshi have been among consumer products constructed for male otaku.13;I aim to demonstrate that fujoshi, who are both readers and writers of fujoshi manga, work to undermine, through the fujoshi image, the gender relations in which they themselves are involved. In other words, through the fictions that they create, fujoshi protest male-oriented fictions. Through this, they also resist male otaku desires that would keep them confined within two-dimensional fantasy worlds.

著者

大庭 千恵子

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 = Hiroshima Journal of International Studies (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.[1]-24, 2021-12-01

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The EU Strategy on Western Balkans enlargement caused debate and even disagreement among various political actors. In May 1999, after the Kosovo Conflict, the EU launched the Stabilisation and Association Process providing the Western Balkans with the opportunity for potential candidacy for EU membership. At the Thessaloniki summit in 2003, the European Council declared that the future of the Balkans would be within the European Union. However, since the 2004 and 2007 EU enlargements towards Central and Eastern Europe, the EU's enlargement policy has lost its priority to external policy concerns and strategies.The Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Crna Gora (Montenegro) , Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Serbia, are confronted with a different and uncertain enlargement context without a clear accession timeframe, contrary to the Central and Eastern countries. In the latest Enlargement Strategy entitled "A Credible Enlargement Perspective for and enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans", the European Commission has acknowledged the fact that the candidate countries are still far from membership. The Republic of North Macedonia, the main subject of this paper, was approved as a candidate country in 2005, and the European Council finally agreed to start accession negotiations with this Republic and Albania in March 2020, with a pending condition that the negotiations will be suspended if the reforms do not proceed.The central research question of this paper is, given these circumstances, how effective is the transformative power of "Europeanisation" in transferring EU rules and norms to the legal and political systems of the Republic of North Macedonia. This paper is organized into three chapters. Following the introductory chapter, chapter II presentsthe EU policies and strategies for the Western Balkans. Chapter III discusses the priority reforms and specific measures in the Republic of North Macedonia, especially in the field of rule of law and regional cooperation policies.

著者

山本 雅

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 = Hiroshima Journal of International Studies (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.71-82, 1996-03

著者

中島 正博

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.93-104, 2014

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Remote islands in Japan have been suffering from aging society and depopulation. The aim of this paper is todescribe the efforts for community regeneration of Ogi Island in the Seto Inland Sea and to find unique characteristics of the islanders as a whole. The Setouchi International Art Festival was conducted in 2010 and 2013 in seven remote islands in the Sea. The Ogi Island residents evaluated the Art Festival higher than people from other remote islands, as Ogi people themselves enjoyed hosting so many tourists from all over Japan. In the second Art Festival three young families decided to move to Ogi Island. Young people's immigration has been the first step for the Ogi residents to stop or reduce depopulation. The immigration of the families led to reopening the Ogi primary and secondary schools, closed a few years ago due to lack of students. The second aim of this paper is to find why the Ogi island people succeeded in the first step of community regeneration. Through four years of observation and association with Ogi island people, I found that cultural openness is one key to community regeneration, although it is still in an early stage. The cultural openness was shown by the island's people and their activities before, during, and after the Art Festival.

著者

李 玲

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 = Hiroshima journal of international studies (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.61-71, 2016

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This study focuses on the concept of "face," which is regarded as an important concept that shapes Chinese behavior in daily life, and clarifies the relationship between face and consumer behavior in the Chinese market. Based on various discussions in the literature, the framework of face, as it relates to consumer behavior, is defined as the psychological satisfaction obtained from the results of an individual's image management. The purpose of image management is to extract a desired response or evaluation from others, and can be achieved through consumption. Chinese people tend to have strong face consciousness. Based on the framework of face's influence mechanism discussed in his study, the amount of face perception as a positive impact on purchase intention.

著者

井上 泰浩 INOUE Yasuhiro イノウエ ヤスヒロ

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.103-127, 2006

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This study examines how major newspapers in the world covered the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima by referring to the hegemony theory. This theory suggests that media content, especially international coverage, is influenced by historical views, the dominant public opinions, and the ideology of those in power in society. Qualitative content analysis is mainly used for this study. Data for this study consist of articles published between August 5 and 8, 2005, in newspapers in eight countries / region (China, France, Germany, Russia, South Korea, the U.K., the U.S., and the Arabic region). The findings generally confirm the existence of bias and differences in Hiroshima coverage across countries / region. Western European (France, Germany, and the U.K) newspapers criticized the bombing for aiming at civilians and presented it as an important moral lesson. American newspapers, on the other hand, generally depicted the bombing as a justifiable past event which has little significance in the present day. Chinese and South Korean newspapers focused mainly on the responsibility of the Japanese for having starting the war that ended up with the bombing. Different coverage on Hiroshima could be attributed to the difference in historical relations to and public sentiment on Japan, and other ideological factors.

著者

中島 正博 NAKASHIMA Masahiro ナカシマ マサヒロ

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.177-192, 2003

---

This paper considers a man-and-nature relation through a hunter-gatherers lifestyle in the Japanese prehistoric Jomon period. The Jomon people developed their lifestyle by hunting and gathering natural resources in the forests, rivers and seas in the Neolithic Age, when the forest widely regenerated after the glacial period. They utilized natural resources not only by collecting resources but also growing and processing them. Because of these active operations upon the nature, there was strain between man and the nature due to overuses and among peoples for the access to the resources. The Jomon people developed communities where a social order was imbedded to sustain the nature and people's life, i. e. , coexistence of the nature and man. By considering hunter-gatherers lifestyles in the past and present, it is thought that the Jomon people looked upon the nature as cyclic lives repeating life and death and as well as partners whom they had to associate or even negotiate with. Since nature's prosperity was vital for the people's life, they associated with the nature to enhance her prosperity by spiritual attitude of thank, awe and respect with such an expression as offerings. These are Jomon people's views on the nature and life and on their man-and-nature relation.

著者

井上 泰浩 Brislin Tom INOUE Yasuhiro BRISLIN Tom イノウエ ヤスヒロ ブリスリン トム

出版者

広島市立大学国際学部

雑誌

広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.179-194, 2005

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This study examines the underlying values and practices in journalistic policies and decision-making between Japan and the United States on whether to identify youth offenders in serious, capital crimes. Benchmarks in youth crime coverage, particularly in Japan, are examined. Comparative data is presented from a survey of U. S. and Japanese journalists on factors that might influence naming of youth offenders, and on opinions regarding the handling of specific youth crime cases. The findings confirm the conventional wisdom that Japanese journalism remains consistent in its collective policy to not name juveniles under the age of 20 in any crime story, regardless of the severity of the crime. U. S. journalists, on the other hand, are constant in their inconsistency in terms of a policy on naming juveniles and seem to have adopted no policy, or no minimum age, as their policy. The distinction could be attributed to the difference in legal systems, journalistic values, and realities of juvenile crime between Japan and the U.S.