著者
草間 朋子 伊藤 成 吉澤 康雄
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.3, pp.127-131, 1986 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
9

The present study was conducted to investigate the decontamination procedure for the skin contaminated with radioactive materials; those were cobalt-58 (58CoCl2), mangan-54 (54MnCl2) and radioactive CRUD (Chalk River Unidentified Deposit) and the skins of pigs were used. The procedures and materials used for decontamination were as follows: (1) 0.5% Hyamin solution, (2) brushing, (3) acid soap, (4) stripping cream, (5) cosmetic cleansing cream, (6) potassium permanganate and sodium thiosulfate solutions, (7) titanium oxide paste, and (8) their combination. Each procedure was performed for 2min, and repeated twice or 4 times at 15 or 60min after contamination. The residual radioactivity after decontamination procedure was measured with a 2×2 inch NaI (Tl) scintillation detector or a solid state detector. The following sequential procedure was most effective: washing with 0.5% Hyamin solution for 2min, brushing with acid soap, rubbing cosmetic cleansing cream and washing for 2min with tap water. Since this procedure is simple and not irritable, it is appropriate for human skin. The residual activities on the skin after this decontamination were about 20, 20 and 10% for cobalt, mangan and CRUD, respectively. When the decontamination with 0.5% Hyamin solution began within 15min after contanimation, the residual radioactivity was 3% of administered activity, but 60% in the case 60min after contamination. Thus, a noteworthy point for decontamination is to begin as soon as possible.
著者
辻村 憲雄 三上 智 吉田 忠義 高田 千恵
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.3, pp.267-276, 2005 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
15

The authors studied the feasibility of utilizing ebonite as a personal neutron dosemeter in criticality accidents. A disc-shaped ebonite, a hard rubber containing 30wt% sulfur, can be used as a highly effective criticality neutron dosemeter because of a simplicity of measurements of beta activity arising from 32S(n, p)32P reactions. The counting efficiency of beta particles with an end-window GM counter for an ebonite disc in 50mm diameter and 3mm thick was determined by 252Cf neutron irradiation. The neutron spectrum dependency of 32P activity per neutron dose was computed using Monte-Carlo calculations of various neutron spectra that could be encountered in criticality accidents, and the results were tabulated as a set of spectrum correction factors. Performance tests using the SILENE reactor indicated that neutron doses could be evaluated within ±15% with the application of suitable correction factors.
著者
岡林 弘之 中込 みよ子 鈴木 間左支 渡辺 征紀 本郷 昭三
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.2, pp.73-78, 1973 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
9

Distribution in the body and excretion pattern of uranium have been investigated, following the inhalation of uranyl nitrate aerosols (concentration of uranium were 4.2μg/l and 26.4μg/l respectively) by adult rats. Amounts of uranium in the lung and the kidney immediately after the inhalation of the aerosol were about ten to several tens times greater than those in other organs, but decreased to the level of back ground after about one month. Following the single inhalation of the aerosol, the levels of uranium in liver, spleen, blood and bones were almost in back ground level during the period of one month thereafter.However, as the amout of uranium in the liver almost coincided with that of the spleen, it is estimated that the dose delivered to the spleen is more than ten times than that of the liver, in comparison of the both weights. The excretion of uranium in urine increases, according to the inhalation of uranyl nitrate. Therefore, uranium in urine is considered as a good index of the body burden of uranium for the estimation in case of the inhalation of the uranyl compound.
著者
赤羽 恵一 飯本 武志 伊知地 猛 岩井 敏 大口 裕之 大野 和子 川浦 稚代 立崎 英夫 辻村 憲雄 浜田 信行 藤通 有希 堀田 豊 山崎 直 横山 須美
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.3, pp.145-152, 2014 (Released:2015-07-18)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
4 7

In April 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued the statement on tissue reactions. This stimulated interest in many countries. The Expert Committee on Radiation Protection of the Lens of the Eye was established in the Japanese Health Physics Society, and in April 2013, started discussion about the international developments and recent studies related to the dosimetry of the lens of the eye. This committee now publishes the interim report consisting of parts I-VI. Of these, this Part I overviews the structure of the eye and lens, cataract types and the scientific evidence of its new dose threshold and equivalent dose limit newly recommended by the ICRP.
著者
赤羽 恵一 飯本 武志 伊知地 猛 岩井 敏 大口 裕之 大野 和子 川浦 稚代 立崎 英夫 辻村 憲雄 浜田 信行 藤通 有希 堀田 豊 山崎 直 横山 須美
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.4, pp.171-179, 2014 (Released:2015-12-18)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
3

Many studies have been internationally reported as part of projects regarding the radiation exposure for the lens of the eye of medical staff members under various conditions, methods of dosimetry and development of dosimeters for the lens of the eye. Recently conducted studies include the Retrospective Evaluation of Lens Injuries and Dose (RELID) of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Occupational Cataracts and Lens Opacities in interventional Cardiology (O’CLOC) study in France, Optimization of Radiation Protection of Medical Staff (ORAMED) project in European countries, and a 20-year prospective cohort study among US radiologic technologists. Given the newly implemented dose limit for the lens of the eye by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), we summarized these studies as the necessary information for reconsideration of the Japanese dose limit for the lens of the eye. In addition, this article also covers the exposures for the lens of the eye of clean-up workers in the Chernobyl accident as shown in ICRP Publication 118 and the results of a hearing survey with specialists of the Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine.
著者
工藤 ひろみ 床次 眞司 細田 正洋 岩岡 和輝 葛西 幸彦
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.2, pp.92-97, 2016 (Released:2016-08-09)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
2

On 11 March 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, which occurred at Northern Japan, and subsequent tsunami caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). People living within a radius of 30 km were evacuated from their homes. Residents of Namie Town stayed for several days at a location 30 km northwest of the FDNPS. However, as a highly concentrated radioactive plume passed over this location, the evacuees are very much worried about their radiation exposure. On the other hand, there are several nuclear facilities in Aomori Prefecture. Such circumstances may produce concerns among people regarding an increased risk of cancer or other radiation-induced disease. In this study, focusing on the citizens of Namie Town and Aomori Prefecture (Hirosaki, Aomori and Hachinohe Cities), their understanding of basic knowledge on radiation was investigated through anonymous questionnaires. The present study has revealed that people recognized that they are exposed to natural radiation of more than 1 mSv, Despite this fact, however, people in Namie Town believe even radiation of 1 mSv will cause them some biological effects. Although basic general knowledge on radiation should be provided, a reliable relationship between the general public and experts also needs to be established.
著者
Shogo TAKAHARA Masashi IIJIMA Kazumasa SHIMADA
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.172-181, 2015 (Released:2016-02-06)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

Radiation-induced cancer is one of the key issues in a consequence analysis on a Nuclear Power Plant accident. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) developed the estimation model of those risks for the use of accident consequence analysis in 1980s and 1990s. This model is still used as a leading model in this field. In this paper, we aimed to explore the differences between the results of risk prediction from the model of USNRC and those from a latest model. To achieve this aim, radiation-induced cancer risks were projected based on the Japanese population statistics using the models developed by USNRC and the latest model, which was developed by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). As compared to the model of USEPA, the lifetime attributable risks of all cancers projected by the model of USNRC were about 30% higher for male and about 35% lower for female in both morbidity and mortality. When the sex-averaged values were compared between them, the difference is within 10%.
著者
Keiko FUJIWARA Tomoyuki TAKAHASHI Tadatoshi KINOUCHI Satoshi FUKUTANI Yuki HATTORI Sentaro TAKAHASHI
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.189-193, 2015 (Released:2016-02-06)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1

Various radionuclides, including radioactive tellurium (Te), were released to the environment by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The total amount of Te-127m released from the power plant was estimated to be 1.1 × 1015 Bq. The radioactive Te may have contributed to the internal radiation dose at the initial stage of the accident. However, data on the environmental behavior of radioactive Te are limited. In this study, therefore, the uptake of Te in plants was investigated. Radishes (Raphanus sativus var. sativus) were cultivated into a nutrient solution, grown for 20-30 days, and then their fine roots (taproots in the plant anatomy) and a part of fleshy roots (hypocotyls in the plant anatomy) were immersed for two hours into nutrient solutions with different Te and Cs concentrations. After soaking, plants were returned to the initial Te- and Cs-free nutrient solution for further maturation. ICP-MS measurements were made to assess concentrations of Te and Cs in the plants' leaves and fleshy roots (the fine roots were removed). Resulting differences among the individual plants were large. The leaf/fleshy root ratios of the concentration of Te and Cs were 0.09-1.14 and 1.59-5.00 on a fresh-matter basis, respectively. Both Te and Cs were absorbed by the radishes through the fine roots. There was a general tendency for Te to be retained in the fleshy roots, whereas Cs was mainly absorbed by the fine roots and then transferred to the leaves.
著者
Yuki HATTORI Tadatoshi KINOUCHI Satoshi FUKUTANI Tomoyuki TAKAHASHI Keiko FUJIWARA Kayoko IWATA Sentaro TAKAHASHI
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.194-196, 2015 (Released:2016-02-06)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

Three different types of soil were collected at each of three locations: a persimmon orchard, an ume (Prunus mume, so to speak, ‘a Japanese apricot’) orchard, and a paddy field located 50-55 km northwest from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The goal was to investigate the involvement of microbes inhabiting these soils on the behavior of 137Cs. The soils were sterilized with gamma ray irradiation for 30 hours (absorbed dose of 60 kGy) or with high-pressure steam (autoclave sterilization) at 121°C for 20 minutes. A radish cultivar (Raphanus sativus var. sativus) was then cultivated in those soils for 45 days, and the harvested taproots and leaves were testing using a Ge semiconductor detector for concentration of 137Cs. The result showed that the concentration of 137Cs in radishes cultivated in the sterilized soils with autoclave sterilization or gamma ray irradiation were significantly higher than in those cultivated in the unsterilized soils. An increase in the plant available 137Cs could be caused by NH4+ arisen from the multiple effects of the structural change of the soil, decomposition of organic matter, and/or extinction of the microbes by sterilization.
著者
Satoshi MIKAMI Shoji SATO Yoshifumi HOSHIDE Ryuichi SAKAMOTO Naotoshi OKUDA Kimiaki SAITO
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.182-188, 2015 (Released:2016-02-06)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
13

Intercomparison of in situ gamma spectrometry was organized at a site contaminated by the radioactive fallout that originated from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This intercomparison was conducted by eight teams from four different institutions, which have contributed to the government-led project to construct distribution maps of radionuclides deposited on the ground soil. The resultant 134Cs and 137Cs inventories evaluated by the participants agreed within 6% of the coefficient of variation, after correction for inhomogeneous distribution of the dose rate in air. The evaluated 40K inventories agreed within 4% of the coefficient of variation. The authors estimated that these results were in good agreement for creating distribution maps of the radionuclide inventory in the ground soil.
著者
石川 徹夫 床次 眞司 米原 英典 福津 久美子 山田 裕司
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.329-338, 2001 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
13 16 16

To estimate dose from radon progeny, the effective dose per unit exposure to radon progeny (dose conversion factor, DCF) is needed. A dominant parameter related to DCF is the activity size distribution of radon progeny. In the present study, the DCF was calculated in the wide range of particle diameters (0.5-20nm [AMTD] and 20-5, 000nm [AMAD]), using a dosimetric approach. The calculations were based on a computer program, LUDEP, which implements an ICRP66 respiratory tract model. The calculated results showed that the DCF is sensitive to particle size distribution. The DCFs calculated for reference conditions in mines and homes were 13.7mSv WLM-1 and 14.3mSv WLM-1, respectively. These values were in good agreement with those reported in a few references. The DCF calculated in the present study is useful for the dose assessment of radon progeny in places that have different aerosol characteristics.
著者
Kosako Toshiso Sugiura Nobuyuki Yonehara Hidenori OKOSHI Minoru NAKAI Kunihiro
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.1, pp.67-78, 2005-03
被引用文献数
1 1

Some of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM), such as radon and monazite sand, gradually became a target for radiological protection. In order to regulate TENORM safely and economically, it is essential to consider the characteristics of TENORM such as ubiquity, huge volume, and very low activity levels. In this paper, radiation protection principles and standards for NORM/TENORM are summarized based on the reports published by the international organizations (e.g. ICRP and IAEA) to assist the development of national regulatory framework. The survey results on the present Japanese situations on industries related to NORM/TENORM are provided, and the categorization for NORM/TENORM, which is established by the Radiation Council of Japan, is explained how to control NORM/TENORM based on their exposure doses instead of their activity levels. Finally, basic processes to solve the problems related to NORM/TENORM are discussed.
著者
神田 玲子 辻 さつき 米原 英典
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.68-78, 2014
被引用文献数
3

In general, the press is considered to have amplified the level of public's anxiety and perception of risk. In the present study, we analyzed newspaper article headlines and Internet contents that were released from March 11, 2011 to January 31, 2012 using text mining techniques. The aim is to reveal the particular characteristics of the information propagated regarding the Fukushima NPP Accident. The article headlines of the newspapers which had a largest circulation were chosen for analysis, and contents of Internet media were chosen based on the number of times they were linked or retweeted. According to our text mining analysis, newspapers frequently reported the “measurement, investigation and examination” of radiation/radioactive materials caused by the Fukushima Accident, and this information might be spread selectively via the social media. On the other hand, the words related to health effects of radiation exposure (i. e., cancer, hereditary effects) were rare in newspaper headlines. Instead, words like “anxiety” and “safe” were often used to convey the degree of health effects. Particularly in March of 2011, the concept of “danger” was used frequently in newspaper headlines. These indirect characterizations of the situation may have contributed more or less to the misunderstanding of the health effects and to the enhanced perception of risk felt by the public. In conclusion, there were found no evidence to suggest that newspapers or Internet media users released sensational information that increased the health anxiety of readers throughout the period of analysis.
著者
森内 茂 堤 正博 斎藤 公明
出版者
日本保健物理学会
雑誌
保健物理 : hoken buturi (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.71-83, 2007-03
被引用文献数
4

Gamma ray spectra analyses using unfolding techniques and the dose evaluation are performed widely in the fields of environmental radiation monitoring and the relating environmental research. Various sizes and the shapes of NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors can be used depending on the dose levels. However, available response functions are generally limited to 3"φ×3" cylindrical and 3"φ spherical types and the energy range is roughly up to 3 MeV. In this paper, the response functions of eight types of cylindrical and spherical NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors (1"φ×1", 2"φ×2", 3"φ×3", 4"φ×4", 5"φ×4" cylindrical, and 2"φ, 3"φ, 5"φ spherical) were determined. The energy ranges were extended to 10 MeV in maximum. The some response functions reported in literatures were unfolded using our response matrices for comparison and the relative characteristics were discussed.