著者

佐藤 源郎

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.25, pp.225-230, 1957-09-30 (Released:2009-06-12)

参考文献数

14

著者

中山 健 柴田 芳彰

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.133-134, 2015 (Released:2018-08-15)

参考文献数

3

著者

石原 舜三

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.106-108, 2012 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

7

著者

渡辺 寧

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.27-34, 2016 (Released:2018-08-15)

参考文献数

27

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A future perspective of the supply of mineral resources is discussed on the basis of the example of rare earth elements (REE). Rare earth elements have been produced from monazite, bastnäsite, and ionic clay ores mostly in China during the last two decades. However, Chinese resource nationalism over the production and export has made the supply of REE unstable in terms of price and quantity. A possible alternative REE source is phosphate ores, which contain a few amount of REE as impurities with some toxic and radioactive elements. Despite low in REE concentration in phosphate ores, more than 300,000 tons of REE (as oxides), which correspond to more than two times of present-day REE demand in the world, are included in the ores annually produced from the mines for fertilizer production. The recovery of REE with other impurities from phosphate ores is beneficial not only to produce REE but also to avoid pollution in farming lands. While our society shifts from the plundering one to the sustainable one, in which mineral resources would be completely recycled, it is desired to recover all the by-product elements from the major ores in order to decrease the impacts on the environment and trigger innovations in the manufacturing industry.

著者

八幡 正弘 黒沢 邦彦 大津 直 高橋 徹哉 戸間替 修一 川森 博史 毛利 元躬

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1-16, 1994-02-28

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3

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Terrestrial volcanic products and lacustrine deposits of Middle Miocene to Pliocene age are widely distributed in the Monbetsu-Kamishihoro Graben which belongs to the Kuril Inner Arc. The Seta deposit located in the southern extremity of the Graben is classified into a hot spring gold deposit, based upon the modes of occurence.<BR>In the Seta mine area, Middle Pliocene lacustrine deposits of the Ashoro Formation which were accumulated in the Tokachi Basin unconformably covers Late Miocene to Early Pliocene terrestrial volcanic products of the Horokapiribetsugawa Formation. The lacustrine deposits are composed of sandstone, mudstone and siliceous deposits associated with a hot spring gold mineralization. A wide variety of sedimentary structure of the lacustrine deposits is observable in this area ; for detailed investigation, a logging of 80 meters of new diamond drill core (GSH-91-1) was necessary, which revealed the sedimentary structure of the basal part of the deposits and the relationship of the Horokapiribetsugawa and the Ashoro Formations. Siliceous deposits have been divided into 5 types, S-I to S-V. Silica is deposited as silica sinter (S-I) on land and/or temporally on shore near the water line, and also conducted into the cold lake water by the thermal water as a thin bedded siliceous deposit (S-II), because the silica gelation quickly proceeds under the influence of current or wave. The hydrothermal eruption broke up the underlying rocks for breccias like a clastic dike and, as a result, scattered breccias, so-called hydrothermat explosion breccias (S-IV) and/or the accidental silica blocks (S-III) in tuff and sandstone. When the hydrothermal eruption took place intermittently in shallow water, silica was deposited as silica complex deposit with sandstone and conglomerate (S-V)<BR>The hydrothermal activity has been divided into seven stages (I to VII). In the Stage I, just prior to form the lake, the acid hydrothermal activity, began, resulting in the silicified and argillized zones in the Horokapiribetsugawa Formation. Stage II, is characterized by the prevalence of hydrothermal explosion breccias on the land of the northern edge of the lake. As mixing of the ascending acid thermal water with the cold groundwater or interstitial water in the basal part of the lacustrine deposits and the argillized rocks of the Horokapiribetsugawa Formation just under the surface of unconformity, adularia formed in sandstone and argillized tuff breccia with kaolin minerals as an alteration product. In the Stages III and V, the hydrothermal activity increased and silica was deposited on the land and/or on the bottom of the lake resulted in silica sinter, thin, bedded siliceous deposit and siliceous complex deposit. Stages IV and VI-1 are similar to Stage II. It may be inferred that the hydrothermal activity was carried on the shore of the lake or the land. In the Stage IV-2, the silica sinter which deposited to a thickness of about 2 meters on land. The hydrothermal activity has silicified to the surrounding rocks and has formed vertical and horizontal quartz veins in these rocks. In the Stage Vll, the hydrothermal activity was attenuated.<BR>These spots of the hydrothermal activity moved from north to south associated with the gold mineralization.

著者

島崎 英彦

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.73-76, 2009 (Released:2010-06-22)

参考文献数

12

著者

渡辺 寧

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.103-122, 2010 (Released:2013-06-14)

参考文献数

63

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.35, pp.199-202, 1959-06-30 (Released:2009-06-12)

著者

亀井 玄人

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.145-151, 2001-12-15 (Released:2009-06-12)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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The groundwater of the Mobara gasfield in Boso peninsula, eastern Japan, contains considerable amount, around 100 mg/L, of iodine besides dissolved methane. Twelve groundwater samples from gas-producing wells to the aquifer within the Kazusa Group in Mobara and Naruto districts have been analyzed for iodine, pH, Eh, HCO3-, NH4+, SiO2(aq), δD, δ18O, δ13CCH4 and seventeen elements. There is a good correlation between the concentrations of the dissolved elements to those in marine algae. The principal source of the iodine is believed to be algae buried in the sediments and the iodine has been discharged to the porewater during decomposition of the tissue.The molar ratio of I-/Cl- in the groundwater increases from 1.0×103 to 2.2×103 with changing the depth from 2000 to 1000 meters below the surface and turns to decrease from 2.2×103 to 1.8×103 with going up from 1000 to 500 meters. This tendency may be caused by the variation of buried organisms due to changing the sedimentary environment. The observed variation in the ratio indicates that the iodine discharged in the pore fluid did not migrate significantly after the deposition of the formation.

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.84, pp.239-242, 1967-08-20 (Released:2009-06-12)

著者

大竹 翼 大友 陽子

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.57-73, 2021-12-22 (Released:2022-08-27)

参考文献数

136

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Iron (Fe) is the fourth abundant element on the Earth’s surface, and it has been mined and utilized for various industrial activities. Whereas average continental crust contains ~5 wt% of Fe (as FeO), the minimum Fe grade for minable ore is 20–25 wt%. Formation of Fe ore deposits requires crystallization of iron as oxides, neither silicates nor sulfides, which occur more commonly in ordinary igneous and sedimentary rocks. There are various geological processes that concentrate Fe and form Fe ore deposits, including magmatic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary processes. Fe ore deposits can be divided into orthomagmatic type (or Fe-Ti-V type), iron oxide-apatite (IOA) type (or Kiruna type), skarn, submarine-hydrothermal, banded iron formations (BIF)-hosted, and phanerozoic ironstone. Production of iron ores, particularly high-grade ores, in the world is currently dominated by those associated with or derived from BIFs, Fe-rich chemical sedimentary rocks formed in Precambrian era. A complication of ore reserves and average grade on various Fe ore deposits over the world demonstrates that a number of large and high-grade Fe deposits belong to BIF-associated and derived deposits whereas some other types of Fe deposits, such as orthomagmatic, IOA-type, and skarn, contain gigantic deposits. Although other hydrothermal and sedimentary deposits contain fairly large deposits, the average ore grades are not as great as those associated with BIFs. In magmatic processes, fractional crystallization may concentrate Fe as magnetite. However, further enrichment of Fe to form Fe-Ti-V or IOA type deposits requires a decrease in SiO2 activity in magma, possibly due to immiscible segregation of oxide melts from silicate melts. Although hydrothermal processes typically precipitate Fe as sulfides, highly oxidized and Cl--rich fluids may cause enrichment of Fe as oxides in some magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Other important parameters to form hydrothermal Fe deposits include CO2 fugacity and temperature for skarn and submarine-hydrothermal Fe deposits, respectively. In sedimentary processes, redox state of seawater is the key parameter However, primary precipitates and geochemical processes that govern the formation of BIFs in Archean is still controversial. Recently, trace element chemistry of magnetite as well as Fe and O isotopes are developing geochemical indicators for Fe ore genesis. There will be need for more case studies to verify the indicators.

著者

中山 健 八田 万有美 西尾 憲二 中川 昌治

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.95-114, 2022-12-22 (Released:2023-11-16)

参考文献数

95

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The recent remarkable development of the information society has brought about a great change in theliterate society. Writing by Chinese ink with an inkstone has become almost obsoleted. However, inkstones are stillone of the Japanese traditional handicrafts that are loved and treasured by calligraphers, painters, citizens who enjoycalligraphy, and arts and crafts enthusiasts. Until now, there has been limited about scientific research on traditionalChinese terms and notations related to inkstones, the functions of inkstones, natural figures on the inkstones, etc.We carried out preliminary petrological and mineralogical experiments of ink stones and reported its functional properties.In addition, domestic ink stone was also reviewed and the production environment was examined. In order to inheritthe unique Japanese traditional craft techniques, further contributions from geology, petrology, and mineralogy areexpected, such as elucidation of precise texture of inkstone and identifying high quality inkstone stone resources.

著者

大町 北一郎

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.9, pp.181-186, 1953-10-25 (Released:2009-06-12)

参考文献数

14

著者

山本 啓之

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.79-95, 2019-12-16 (Released:2022-08-27)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

3

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Deep-sea environments are faced with cumulative effects of many human activities, e.g. accumulation of plastics, overwhelming fishing and resource exploitation, heavy maritime transportation, and effects from climate change. Recently, growing interest in deep-sea mining enhances the activities of engineering development on seabed mining and environmental monitoring, and exploration of mining sites within States Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) or in areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Since 2010, attention paid to potential environmental impacts caused by deep-sea mining has been increased, and many workshops and research conferences have been held. In the Western Pacific Ocean, the Nautilus Minerals Ltd. has announced that the sea mound located in Papua New Guinea will be a first site likely to be commercially exploited polymetallic sulfide deposit. The Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) conducts a feasibility project for seabed mining in the Okinawa Trough. In 2015, the leaders’ declaration from the G7 summit in Germany identified the conducting of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and scientific research as a priority issue for sustainable development of deep-sea mining. The EIA protocol developed for deep-sea mining is recognized that it will be a practical component for ensuring effective management and protection of ocean ecosystems. The development of EIA protocols is started in Japan as a national project. This paper describes the current situation of technologies concerning deep-sea environmental assessment and monitoring on seabed mining, and technical background of multidisciplinary approaches for deep-sea environmental survey.

著者

実松 健造 星野 美保子 渡辺 寧

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.17-26, 2012 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

3

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This study evaluates the potential of scandium resources in lateritic bauxite deposits and lateritic Ni-Co deposits derived from mafic parent rocks. Mafic rocks generally contain more Sc than felsic rocks because Sc replaces iron and manganese in pyroxene and amphibole. Pyroxenite and hornblendite are most enriched in Sc whereas peridotite is poor in Sc. Chemical weathering causes rocks to be enriched in Sc, which behaves as an immobile element, because mobile elements are leached from the rocks. Scandium contents of bauxite depend on those of parent rocks and they are estimated to be ~40 ppm in Indochina Peninsula. Red mud, Fe-rich residue in the process of refinery of bauxite, contains high concentration of Sc. Scandium-bearing lateritic Ni-Co deposits contain higher grades of Sc ores than bauxite and recently have been explored in Australia. As Sc contents of the laterite is controlled by those of parent rocks, pyroxenite-derived laterite may form high-grade Sc deposits (>100 ppm). However, Ni and Co grades tend to decrease in the high-grade deposits in Australia. Large amounts of resources and developed techniques in Sc recovery as a by-product indicate that bauxite deposits and lateritic Ni-Co deposits are prospective Sc resources in the near future.

著者

小島 晶二

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.97-109, 2019-12-16 (Released:2022-08-27)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

5

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Recent progresses on the iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, especially on principal Chilean deposits, are summarized to clarify metallogenesis and exploration of the type of deposits in Mesozoic extensional subduction regime. The principal composite-mode deposits (Candelaria, Punta del Cobre, Mantoverde) are closely associated with Cretaceous Atacama fault system, and are characterized by the typical Na-Ca-K alteration with the early-stage magnetite (or hematite) and the following Mg alteration with copper-sulfide and gold mineralizations. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies suggest that the IOCG deposits were formed by high-temperature hypersaline magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. If the IOCG deposits are generated from FeCl2-bearing magmatic fluids, the spatial-temporal relation between the IOCG and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits is well explained by the magmatic magnetite-bubble segregation model (Knipping et al., 2015b; Simon et al., 2018). Nevertheless, a few problems still remain unsolved in the genetic model including contribution of basinal brines.

著者

石原 舜三

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.121-127, 2011 (Released:2013-07-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Trace amounts of arsenic in igneous rocks are low in a deep-origin magma and high in crust-origin, ilmenite-series magmas. Magmas crystallized in high levels, shallow granitoids and volcanic rocks, are also high in the arsenic contents. In sedimentary rocks, arsenic contents are high in black shale. In ore deposits, arsenic is concentrated in some volcanogenic veins (e.g., Ashio), and Sn-W veins and skarns in the ilmenite-series granitic terranes (e.g., Sanyo Belt, SW Outer Zone). Among volcanogenic massive sulfides, arsenic is enriched in some Kuroko type but generally low in the Besshi type. Arsenic is most concentrated in Miocene vein type of the Ashio deposits, then Cretaceous vein type of Kanagatou and Koizumi deposits, located at the northern margin of the Sanyo Belt. Arsenic occurs as arsenopyrite and also as Cu-sulfosalts of mostly copper deposits, and therefore concentrated in copper concentrates. Arsenic is volatile metal, and therefore extracted from ash in the chimney of copper smelter.

著者

堀越 義一

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.28, pp.101-106, 1958-04-30 (Released:2009-06-12)

著者

正路 徹也

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

資源地質 (ISSN:09182454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.217-248, 2011-12-08

参考文献数

11

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The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku and the following tsunami caused loss of a large number of lives, destruction of not only many private houses but also infrastructures, and the Fukushima I nuclear accidents, although disasters for the mineral and exploration world in Japan were not so serious. It is other sensational topics that gold prices have increased rapidly, and are higher than 1800 US$/oz in August, 2011, and that copper prices recorded the highest of 8966 $/t (LME) on November 11, 2010. Japanese mining, petroleum and trading companies and JOGMEC (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation) continue their activities steadily, and get many fruitful results in exploration and development of mineral and energy resources, which have been carried out in these several years and decades. For example, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd and Sumitomo Corporation have confirmed the presence of a gold, silver, and antimony mineralization zone in the Stone Boy project, Araska. Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd and JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration Corp. have been awarded independently and jointly many new exploration licences located in British and Norwegian North Sea, and conduct the exploration programs in some blocks as the operatores.

著者

スミルノフ V.I. ボロダエフ Iu.S. スタロスチン V.I.

出版者

資源地質学会

雑誌

鉱山地質 (ISSN:00265209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.91, pp.284-291, 1968

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日本の硫化鉄鉱鉱床<SUP>*1</SUP>の多くは,アルプス地向斜発展期初期段階のものである中新世のスピライトーケラトフフイア岩系の岩石帯に集中している.この種の鉱床の鉱体は,火山砕屑岩層に覆蔽された流紋岩質層の近辺に賦存し,累帯構造を示している.下位の熱水性変質作用を受けている流紋岩中には,交代成微脈―鉱染状硫化物鉱石(珪鉱)が発達している.その上位には塊状の硫化鉄鉱鉱石(黄鉱)が分布している.そしてさらに,海成の成層火山砕屑岩に整合的に覆蔽された高品位多金属鉱(黒鉱―чёрная руда,black ore)が,その上位に分布している.この鉱床は,火山源堆積作用の複合生成物と思われる.すなわち,鉱体下位のものは流紋岩に対する熱水溶液の作用によつて生成し,上位のものは中新世の海底にその熱水溶液が運んできた物質が沈殿して生成したものと思われる.<BR>1940年代になつて,A.ザヴァリツキーはウラルの硫化鉄鉱鉱床について新しい火山源生成説を提起したが,彼は,第三紀火山作用と結びつけた日本の「黒鉱」に関する日本の地質学者たちの考え方(木下亀城,1931)をその中にとり入れ支持していた.しかし硫化鉄鉱鉱床の生成条件に関する考え方が変つてきた現在,日本の硫化鉄鉱鉱床の地質に関するデータは,その火山源熱水―堆積性起源説(Theory of volcanogenic hydrothermal-sedimentary origin)の検討に基本的な支えとなり得るものである.そのために,日本のデータがソ連の地質学者の大きな関心を呼んでいるわけである.<BR>本論文を執筆するに当つて筆老らは次のように分担した.すなわち,1966年秋に日本の代表的な「黒鉱」鉱床を訪れて,研究試料を得てきたV.I.スミルノフは,地質の記載とその他のすべてのデータの全般的な総括(スミルノフ,1967)を行ない,Iu.S.ボロダエフは鉱石試料の顕微鏡的研究結果についてまとめ,V.I.スタロスチンはその試料の物理的性質の研究を行ない,そのデータを提供した.<BR>本論文の執筆は,東京大学の渡辺武男教授と立見辰雄教授,東北大学の竹内常彦教授,その他のきわめて熟達した著名な日本の鉱山地質学者との会合で,大いに刺激された結果である.また,同和鉱業株式会社社長新井友蔵博士とその補佐役の方々から,日本の硫化鉄鉱鉱床の巡検に積極的な協力と援助を受けた.これらすべての方々,および本論文を校閲して下さつたT.N.シャドルンとG.F.ヤユヴレフの両氏に厚く感謝申し上げる.<BR>著者はまた,日本の鉱石試料から得た硫化鉱物中の硫黄同位元素の分析を早く終了するために,V.I.ヴィノグラードフの高配を得た.<BR>当該鉱床の地質を説明する図葉は,日本の鉱山地質学者の資料から借用したが,遺憾ながら原図に明記してないため,その人々の名を示すことができなかつた.