著者

MUROFUSHI Koji Sakurai Shinji Umegaki Koji Kobayashi Kazutoshi

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.116-128, 2005

被引用文献数

17

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The aim of this study was to compare the radius of curvature and the estimated head speed as measured by sensors attached to a hammer with those calculated by video image analysis. The participant was the Japanese record holder(83m47). He threw a hammer with sensors which measured the force exerted along the length of the hammer cable using a tension meter made of a metal plate to which strain gauges were affixed, and the angular velocity perpendicular to the hammer cable using two IC accelerometers whose axes were aligned together with the hammer cable. The radius and speed obtained using the sensors were similar to those obtained from video analysis in values, but were slightly out of phase. This is because measuring the angular velocity by sensors eliminates translational motion and only produces results for rotational motion. The length of time required to obtain these results was shortened by the use of a hammer with sensors. Therefore, the system using sensors attached to a hammer will enable athletes and coaches to interpret the data about each throw while it is still fresh in their minds.

著者

Emika Kato Toshiaki Oda Kentaro Chino Toshiyuki Kurihara Toshihiko Nagayoshi Tetsuo Fukunaga Yasuo Kawakami

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.Special_Issue_2005, pp.218-225, 2005 (Released:2008-01-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

14 32

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Flexibility is often evaluated from the joint range of motion (ROM), but the mechanisms underlying gender differences in joint ROM have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the difference in ankle joint ROM between men and women with respect to the extensibility of muscle-tendon complex. Eighteen men (21-26 yr, 66.4±6.0kg, 173.7±7.4cm mean±SD) and 12 women (19-27yr, 52.9±4.8kg, 163.4±4.3cm) participated in this study. Each subject was seated with the knee extended, and the ankle joint was attached to a foot plate, by which the ankle joint was passively dorsiflexed with torque gradually increasing from zero to a value at which the passive loading to the ankle joint was just tolerable for each subject. During the passive loading, real-time ultrasonogram was taken to track the movement of MTJ (muscle-tendon junction of the gastrocnemius medialis and Achilles tendon) as the elongation of muscle belly (dMus). The change of MTC (muscle-tendon complex) length (dMTC) during the passive dorsiflexion was estimated from changes in ankle joint angle. Tendon elongation (dTen) was calculated by subtracting dMus from dMTC. There was no significant difference in normalized passive torque during passive dorsiflexion between men and women. Women were more flexible, i.e., they demonstrated greater dMTC, which was accompanied by greater dTen at lower torque levels. However, dMus was not different between men and women. It was concluded that gender difference in the joint ROM at the ankle reflects more compliant Achilles tendon in women than in men.

著者

Yoichi Ohta Hiroki Nakamoto

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.84-95, 2015 (Released:2015-12-10)

参考文献数

17

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This study aimed to clarify the effects of changing to a short bat grip position from the long bat grip position on baseball bat swing timing, peak ground reaction force with the front leg, and activation of the upper and lower limb muscles.   Nine male college baseball players participated in this study. By using a batting simulator, the coincident timing task was to swing the bat coincidentally with the arrival timing of a moving target by using the long or short bat grip position. The batter performed 10 sets of four swings for a total of 40 swings for the coincident timing task. During the four swings, the batter swung the bat by using the long grip position in the first, second, and fourth swings. Only in the third swing did the batter use the short grip position. The ground reaction force with the front leg was measured, and electromyograms of the upper and lower limb muscles were obtained during the coincident timing task.   Our results indicated no significant differences in absolute and variable timing errors between the long and short bat grip positions. In contrast, the constant timing error was significantly increased with the short bat grip position. Moreover, the time to peak ground reaction force and time to peak muscle activation of both the upper and lower limb muscles were significantly delayed when the short bat grip position was employed. Significant positive relationships were observed between the constant timing error and time to peak ground reaction force, which showed differences between the second and third swings. No significant difference in swing time was observed between the long and short bat grip positions.   These findings indicate that changing to the short bat grip position from the long bat grip position will not improve the batter's swing timing. Furthermore, changing to the short bat grip position could delay the batter's swing timing, probably because the change causes a delay in swing preparation.

著者

Takahiro Nakajima Shinsuke Yoshioka Senshi Fukashiro

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202305, (Released:2023-08-04)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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This study aims to investigate the kinetic mechanisms of controlling the whole-body linear momentum (WBLM) and whole-body angular momentum around the whole-body center of mass (WBAM) in the single-support phase after tripping during gait. Twelve young participants were made to trip during gait, and the kinematics and kinetics of their recovery responses were recorded using a 17-camera motion capture system and force platform. We found that the knee-flexion torque of the support leg dominantly contributed to the decrease in the forward WBAM increased owing to tripping, whereas this torque caused a significant forward WBLM at foot landing. The ankle-plantarflexion torque of the support leg contributed to the prevention of the body descent in the first half of this phase, although this effect decreased in the later phase, resulting in the increase in the downward WBLM at foot landing. The ankle-plantarflexion torque also contributed to the increase in the forward WBLM at foot landing. These results indicate that the ankle- and knee-joint torque exertions of the support leg are the main contributors to the change in WBLM and WBAM in the single-support phase after tripping during gait. This study also suggests that there is a trade-off relationship between the control of WBLM and WBAM, and younger adults prioritize the WBAM adjustment during this phase.

著者

Kenta Karakida Hironobu Tsuchiya

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.56-63, 2023 (Released:2023-07-14)

参考文献数

35

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Previous studies have shown that self-consciousness traits are closely related to choking under pressure (Baumeister, 1984; Wang et al., 2004). However, it has not be distinguished between private and public self-consciousness. This study investigated the influence of private and public self-consciousness of athletes on the factors of choking under pressure. 281 subjects were asked to respond to a questionnaire on choking factors (Murayama and Sekiya, 2012) and a self-consciousness scale (Tsuji, 1993), and data from 253 subjects were analyzed. The results showed that higher private and public self-consciousness had more choking experience. Furthermore, we examined the influence of private and public self-consciousness on the factors of choking and found that private self-consciousness showed significant positive effects to be associated with changes in motor control, vicious circles, abnormal physical sensations, and conscious processing (attention to movement). In contrast, public self-consciousness showed significant positive effects on changes in motor control and vicious circles, perceptual and cognitive confusion, feelings of physical heaviness and weakness, passivity, and safety-oriented strategies. The results indicate that private and public self-consciousness affect different factors of choking under pressure.

著者

Kenta Karakida Hironobu Tsuchiya

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202217, (Released:2023-06-15)

参考文献数

35

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Previous studies have shown that self-consciousness traits are closely related to choking under pressure (Baumeister, 1984; Wang et al., 2004). However, it has not be distinguished between private and public self-consciousness. This study investigated the influence of private and public self-consciousness of athletes on the factors of choking under pressure. 281 subjects were asked to respond to a questionnaire on choking factors (Murayama and Sekiya, 2012) and a self-consciousness scale (Tsuji, 1993), and data from 253 subjects were analyzed. The results showed that higher private and public self-consciousness had more choking experience. Furthermore, we examined the influence of private and public self-consciousness on the factors of choking and found that private self-consciousness showed significant positive effects to be associated with changes in motor control, vicious circles, abnormal physical sensations, and conscious processing (attention to movement). In contrast, public self-consciousness showed significant positive effects on changes in motor control and vicious circles, perceptual and cognitive confusion, feelings of physical heaviness and weakness, passivity, and safety-oriented strategies. The results indicate that private and public self-consciousness affect different factors of choking under pressure.

著者

Rei AMEMIYA

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202053, (Released:2023-02-17)

参考文献数

32

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This study investigates the relationship between the individual characteristics of athletes and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on their daily lives and athletic activities. Participants were 476 Japanese athletes (250 males and 226 females; mean age = 28.39 ± 6.53 years) registered as respondents at an Internet research company and who met the athletic-related inclusion criteria. The investigation took place from the 6th–13th April 2020, just before the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants answered questions related to socio-demographic variables, the impact of COVID-19 on daily life and athletic activities and completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The results showed that the emergency declaration area, marital status, and gender were directly related to annual income, and that they indirectly influenced the impact of COVID-19 on athletes’ daily lives and athletic activities through annual income. Additionally, although a state of emergency being declared in the region impacted the daily lives of all participants and their athletic activities, unmarried and female athletes with low incomes were among the most affected by COVID-19-related measures.

著者

Midori Kondo Hironobu Tsuchiya Takayuki Sugo

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.193-207, 2022 (Released:2022-12-15)

参考文献数

55

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Pride is an emotion that may influence a competitive athlete's sports performance and mastery. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the pride traits in sports (Trait Pride Scale for Athletes: TPSA) and examine the characteristics. University student-athletes completed the TPSA, focusing on subjective emotional episodes and other scales of important personality constructs including self-esteem, resilience, authenticity, and narcissism (Study 1), and grit (Study 2). The factor analysis of the TPSA items indicated a four-factor structure: (a) Relationship, (b) Endurance/Diligence, (c) Athletic Self-Identity, and (d) Superiority. There were no gender differences in overall TPSA scores. Internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha and the retest reliability were verified acceptable. The TPSA scores were positively correlated with all of the other psychological scales, confirming convergent validity. Findings provide initial insight into the structure of pride in sports contexts. Specifically, these findings suggest that the athletes’ proneness of pride is a multidimensional construct that involves not only intrapersonal factors but also interpersonal factors.

著者

Jun Mizushima Joanne Kyra Loo Shermain Lou Clifford J. Mallett

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202218, (Released:2022-11-24)

参考文献数

22

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Sport coaches develop their coaching knowledge and identity as coaches through their life experiences over time. However, limited knowledge exists for what motivates youth coaches in Asia to coach, how they learn their craft, and how they develop as coaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental pathways of youth sport coaches in Singapore. Eleven youth sport coaches in Singapore (10 males, 1 female) from a range of sports were selected to take part in semi-structured interviews consisting of three sections: coaches' profile, valued learning experience, and motivation. Qualitative thematic analysis was implemented to understand the key aspects of coach development in their coaching careers. Data yielded six main categories about valued learning experiences: (1) interaction with other coaches, (2) learning from overseas practice, (3) athletic experience, (4) on-the-job experience, (5) mentoring, and (6) coach education program. Two main categories about coach motivation were identified. These were: (1) initial motivation to be a coach—sense of purpose and (2) motivation to continue coaching—enjoyment, satisfaction, and passion.

著者

Ryohei Yamakata Hiroki Uwagawa Takeshi Ogawa

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202109, (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

28

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This study aimed to investigate whether four weeks of jump and running drill training with a mini-trampoline affects sprint running, standing long jump, and drop jump performance. Fifteen healthy male students were assigned to either the trampoline training (T; n=8) or ground training (G; n=7) group. All participants performed jump and running drill training using either a mini-trampoline or over ground two times per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the training period, the participants performed a 50 m sprint run, a standing long jump, a drop-jump, and a ground reaction force evaluation test during a 20 m sprint. The pre- and post-training results were compared. The 50 m sprint record improved in both groups (P<0.01). The jump height of the drop-jump test decreased in the T group (P<0.05). The standing long jump distance did not change after the training period in either group. There was no significant change in impulse in either direction before and after the training period during the 20 m sprint run. Our results suggest that jump and running drill training using a mini-trampoline did not have any specific effect compared to jump and running drill training on the ground.

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.89-103, 1995-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 6

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the motions between the speed throw and the distance throw, using a three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis. Twenty-four male university baseball players were the subjects of this study. They were asked to throw a ball (mass 0.144kg) horizontally as fast as possible (speed throw: ST), and as far as possible (distance throw: DT). These motions were filmed by two high-speed video cameras. 3D landmark coordinates of the subiects and the ball were calculated by the DLT method. The following kinematic parameters were computed: angle of release, the component velocities of the ball, the 3D angles for the backward/forward lean, right/left lean of the upper torso, and the twist of the torso and those for the abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation at the shoulder joint, and the flexion/extension at the elbow joint of the throwing arm. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the stride foot contact to the ball release, and then averaged. Angle of release was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST. Significant difference was not found between the resultant velocity of the ST and the DT. Vertical velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. On the other hand, horizontal velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the ST than in the DT. The backward lean and the left lean angles of the upper torso were also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST throughout the all sequences analyzed. Ranges of these angular displacements between the stride foot contact and the release, however, had no significant difference between the ST and the DT. The shoulder adduction angle was also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. These results indicate that the differences in the release parameters between the ST and the DT were caused not only by the throwing arm motions but also by the motions of the upper torso. It has been suggested that the motions to upward and left ward of the upper torso helps to achieve longer throwing distance in the DT, and that forward lean of the upper torso possibly contributes to achieve larger horizontal ball velocity at the release in the ST.

著者

Kotomi Shiota

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.96-103, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

参考文献数

24

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Objective: To analyze the effects of intradialytic resistance training on physical function in 8 hemodialysis patients aged ≥60 years. Method: Physical function, blood pressure, heart rate, and biochemical data were analyzed before and after 3 and 12 months of exercise therapy. Focusing on muscle strengthening of the trunk and legs while on bed rest, the exercise load of the intervention was individualized for each patient. Results: Significant differences were observed in ankle plantar flexor strength, the Timed Up and Go test, and maximum walking speed between before and after 3 months of intervention. However, no significant differences were observed from 3 to 12 months, indicating that there was no long-term improvement upon low-to-medium resistance training during hemodialysis. Conclusion: Further studies with increased sample sizes are required to elucidate the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration for an effective resistance training program in this population.

著者

Midori Kondo Hironobu Tsuchiya Takayuki Sugo

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202112, (Released:2022-08-05)

参考文献数

53

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Pride is an emotion that may influence a competitive athlete’s sports performance and mastery. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the pride traits in sports (Trait Pride Scale for Athletes: TPSA) and examine the characteristics. University student-athletes (N = 463) completed the TPSA, focusing on subjective emotional episodes and other scales of important personality constructs including self-esteem, resilience, authenticity, and narcissism. The exploratory factor analysis of the TPSA items indicated a four-factor structure: (a) Relationship, (b) Athletic Self-Identity, (c) Endurance/Diligence, and (d) Superiority. Regarding the gender differences in the TPSA subscale scores, female athletes experienced significantly more pride in Endurance/Diligence. Internal consistency was verified by Cronbach’s alpha and supported the reliability. The TPSA scores were positively correlated with all of the other personality scales, confirming convergent validity. In addition, partial correlation coefficients by controlling for other personality variables indicated that Relationship, Athletic Self-Identity, and Endurance/Diligence had a positive correlation with authenticity and resilience, whereas Superiority correlated with self-esteem and narcissism. Findings provide initial insight into the structure of pride in sports contexts. Specifically, these findings suggest that the athletes’ proneness of pride is a multidimensional construct that involves not only intrapersonal factors but also interpersonal factors.

著者

Erlacher Daniel Masato Fujii Shunichi Tazuke Tetsuji Sugiyama Ganzert Florian Stumbrys Tadas Schredl Michael

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.117-122, 2022 (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

29

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In a previous questionnaire study with German professional athletes, we showed that the prevalence of lucid dreaming in athletes is 57% and that about 5% of athletes use their lucid dreams to practice sport skills while asleep. The present study applied a Japanese translation of the same questionnaire to a Japanese sample of college athletes to explore cultural differences. We found that about 41% of Japanese athletes stated that they experienced a lucid dream at least once in their lives, 18% experienced them once a month or more frequently, while 3.6% of athletes used lucid dreams for their sport practice. The frequency of lucid dreams in Japanese athletes was lower than in the German athletes, indicating potential cultural differences. Yet lucid dream practice does appear to have a cross-cultural applicability.

著者

Shigeharu Akimoto

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.A1-A10, 2022 (Released:2022-06-28)

参考文献数

13

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The Paralympic Games are currently in the public spotlight not only as a sporting spectacle but also as a vehicle for empowering individuals with disabilities in society. However, previous research indicates that the Paralympic Games currently cater for a limited variety of impairments, which perhaps reflects a limitation of the Games in this respect. The aim of this study was to determine whether this premise is valid by considering the empowerment of individuals in society via the Paralympic Games, focusing on groups including both mobility and hearing impairment. Quantitative data were recovered from a questionnaire survey disseminated to lower secondary departments of special needs education schools for the physically challenged (n=44, collection rate: 80.0%), lower secondary departments of special needs education schools for the deaf (n=119, collection rate: 85.6%) and a regular lower secondary school (n=145, collection rate: 83.8%) used as a control group in prefecture “A” via postal mail. Results were generated using an analysis of variance approach and χ2 test. The data indicated that the Paralympic Games as a vehicle of empowerment is only valid for those with mobility impairment, and not for those with hearing impairment. This suggests that empowerment through the Paralympic Games may only be effective for individuals with impairments that qualify them for entry into the Paralympic Games, while excluding those with impairments that do not. Ancillary findings of this study suggest that the majority of those with disabilities were uncertain about hearing impairment and the eligibility criteria of the Paralympic Games. It is also suggested that the Olympic Games have some positive effects in terms of empowering individuals with disabilities in society.

著者

Ryuichi Ajisaka

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Special_Issue_2_2006, pp.360-369, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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In order to exercise safely, proper exercise prescription based on each individual's physical fitness and health status is needed. An intensity equivalent to the ventilatory threshold level has been recommended in terms of safety of aerobic exercise, and we confirmed its safety in very elderly subjects (older than 75 years) if they had no contraindications to exercise. More than 20% of the subjects with sedentary lifestyles and lower physical fitness had deleterious symptoms such as excessive blood pressure elevation, dangerous arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemia during exercise testing. Therefore, evaluation of physical fitness level enables optimal exercise prescription for aerobic exercise in the elderly, and low-level intensity (40% of VO2max) is recommended for those subjects. Excessive blood pressure elevation was frequent in greater than 60% of 1RM lower-leg resistance exercise in the elderly subjects. Therefore, 40% of 1RM intensity is recommended in terms of safety in very elderly-aged people or those with hypertension. Proper breathing technique avoiding the Valsalva effect is effective to minimize blood pressure rise during resistance exercise. Aerobic exercise training could have a lowering effect on blood pressure rise during resistance exercise in the elderly subjects. It is noteworthy that the frequency of deleterious symptoms during exercise could not decrease after short-term aerobic exercise training in the elderly.

著者

Ryo Ogaki Miki Nariai Gento Otake Ayane Ogura Taiki Murakami Masahiro Takemura

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202117, (Released:2022-04-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

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A high risk of ankle injury is associated with rugby; however, current epidemiological data on rugby-related ankle injuries are limited to specific age and competition levels. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiological characteristics of ankle sprains by longitudinally investigating their incidence, severity, and burden in men's collegiate rugby. Ankle sprains that occurred during rugby matches and training in 128 male collegiate rugby players were investigated across three seasons (2017 – 2019). The incidence of ankle sprain was 1.21 injuries/1000 player-hours (PHs). The risk of occurrence during matches (18.18 injuries/1000 PHs) was 25.6 times higher than that during training (0.71 injuries/1000 PHs). The mean severity of ankle sprain was 24.7 days. The injury burden tended to be higher in the match season than in the training season. The main injury mechanisms were thought to be related to contact play and stepping (non-contact play). In addition, a high rate of initial sprains was observed in this study. Ankle sprain prevention is important in collegiate rugby players.

著者

Yuto Yasuda

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.19-25, 2022 (Released:2022-04-02)

参考文献数

48

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Different cultures have different societal structures and different communication style. Additionally, how sports are organized varies from country to country in terms of structure. These factors make athletes across the world demonstrate different psychological characteristics. Despite these differences, these cultural impacts have been paid little attention to, and psychological universality has been explored in the field of sport psychology even though the importance of cultural differences is remained. This review article explores the consideration of cultural psychology within the domain of sport psychology. Specifically, this article compares East Asian culture and North American culture from an achievement motivation perspective. Self-construal, regulatory focus theory, self-determination theory, and achievement goal theory are investigated in order to compare the two cultures. It is recommended that future researchers in the domain of sport psychology refer to both cultural differences as well as psychological universality to deepen insight into the sport psychology field. Practitioners in sport psychology such as mental performance consultants and coaches, are also suggested to consider cultural differences in order to effectively communicate with players and implement more effective interventions.

著者

Yuiko Matsuura Satoshi Iizuka Keisuke Koizumi Keisuke Okuno Koji Kaneoka

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.201820, (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

13

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Trunk stabilization exercises improve injury prevention and performance, but the effect of deep trunk muscle training for underwater competitive performance and posture has not been clarified. If trunk stability can be obtained immediately after trunk stabilization exercises, such exercises may lead to performance improvements during underwater swimming and improve lumbar lordosis alignment during swim motions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the immediate effects of deep trunk muscle training on lumbar lordosis angle and swimming speed in underwater motion. The trial examined underwater motion before and after two different types and intensities of trunk stabilization exercises (low-intensity and high-intensity). Underwater motion was observed with an underwater high-speed camera placed 7.5 m from the pool wall, while lumbar lordosis angle was measured from the angle formed by markers affixed to the Th12, L3, and S1. During the glide swim, dolphin kick, and flutter kick trials, the maximum lumbar lordosis angle was calculated. Lumbar lordosis angle and swimming speed were calculated before and after two different intensities of trunk exercise interventions. There were significant differences in lumbar lordosis angle after both exercises during all three underwater motions. The high-intensity intervention elicited a significantly lower lumbar lordosis angle during glide swim, dolphin kick, and flutter kick, while swimming velocity was also improved during glide swim and flutter kick (P<0.05). Performing trunk exercise before practice or competition may help improve competition performance by reducing underwater resistance.

著者

Yuto Yasuda

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.202123, (Released:2022-03-03)

参考文献数

48

---

Different cultures have different societal structures and different communication style. Additionally, how sports are organized vary from country to country in terms of structure. These factors make athletes across the world demonstrate different psychological characteristics. Despite these differences, these cultural impacts have been paid little attention to, and psychological universality has been explored in the field of sport psychology even though the importance of cultural differences is remained. This review article explores the consideration of cultural psychology within the domain of sport psychology. Specifically, this article compares East Asian culture and North American culture from an achievement motivation perspective. Self-construal, regulatory focus theory, self-determination theory, and achievement goal theory are investigated in order to compare the two cultures. It is recommended that future researchers in the domain of sport psychology refer to both cultural differences as well as psychological universality to deepen insight into the sport psychology field. Practitioners in sport psychology such as mental performance consultants and coaches, are also suggested to consider cultural differences in order to effectively communicate with players and implement more effective interventions.