著者

池田 晃一 松本 光弘 阿江 通良 森岡 理右

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, 1989-09-10

著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.225-232, 2010 (Released:2010-05-27)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes on mechanical work of the lower limb joints during baseball pitching in a simulated game. One male college baseball pitcher threw 15 pitches in an inning for 9 innings (135 pitches) in an indoor pitcher's mound with two force platforms. Rest time between innings was 6 minutes. Three-dimensional positions of 47 reflective markers attached to subject were tracked by an optical motion capture system (Vicon Motion System 612, Vicon Motion Systems) with eight cameras (250Hz). For subject 75 fastball pitches (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th innings) were chosen for analysis.As the main results, the hip joint extension absolute and negative work of the stride leg decreased with increasing the number of pitches. The ankle joint extension absolute and negative work of the stride leg increased with increasing the number of pitches. These results suggest that the hip joint extension torque of the stride leg was needed to maintain for higher performance in baseball pitching.

著者

森本 吉謙 伊藤 浩志 島田 一志 川村 卓 阿江 通良 村木 征人

出版者

日本スポーツ方法学会

雑誌

スポーツ方法学研究 (ISSN:09183086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.13-26, 2003-03

著者

森丘 保典 阿江 通良 岡田 英孝

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, 1996-08-25

著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 小池 関也

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.91-102, 2008 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 4

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本研究は, 大学野球投手を対象とし, 投球数の増加にともなうキネティクスの変化について検討することを目的とした. 実験試技は, 2台のフォースプラットフォームを埋設した簡易マウンドからストレートを投球するものであった. 被験者には, 10秒間隔で15球投げることを1イニングとし, イニング間に6分の休息をはさみながら9イニング, 計135球の投球を行わせた. 投球数とそれぞれのパラメータから単回帰分析を行い, 回帰係数の有意性について検定を行った (p<0.05). その結果, 投球数の増加にともない, ①踏込脚の股関節伸展の正仕事, 負仕事, 絶対仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ②投球腕の肩関節内旋の正仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ③投球腕への関節力による力学的エネルギーの流れの減少がみられた. ④投球腕の肩関節水平内転の正仕事および絶対仕事が増加する傾向がみられた. 以上のことから, 踏込脚の股関節伸展の仕事の減少は, 下肢のトレーニングの重要性を示唆するものであり, 投球腕の肩関節水平内転の仕事の増加は, “上肢動作に頼った投球動作” を示すものであると考えられる.

著者

湯 海鵬 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.73-84, 1994

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study was designed to analyze the jumping forehand smash of elite players based on three-dimensional kinematic data, and to gain insight into the basic badminton smash technique. Jumping smashes of four male elite players were filmed with two high-speed cameras operating at 250Hz with exposure times of 1/1500 and 1/1250 s. Nine jumping smashes were selected for the analysis, and were digitized from the take-off of the jump to the end of the swing in the air. Thirty three-dimensional coordinates for the segment endpoints and racket were computed by a Direct Linear Transformation Method. Small reference poles were fixed to the forearms of the swing arms of the subjects to detect the movements of the radio-ulnar joint and wrist joint. The following six joint angle changes were obtained throughout the smash motion. (a) abduction/adduction angle at the shoulder joint; (b) internal rotation/external rotation angle at the shoulder joint; (c) flexion/extension angle at the elbow joint; (d) pronation/supination angle at the radio-ulnar joint; (e) radial flexion/ulnar flexion angle at the wrist joint; (f) palmar flexion/dorsiflexion angle at the wrist joint. The results showed that internal rotation of the shoulder joint, extension of the elbow joint, and pronation of the radio-ulnar joint seemed to contribute to produce great velocities of the racket head, because the three rotations occurred over the greatest range in the shortest time in the six rotations immediately before contact with the shuttle. Preliminary to the three motions were motions in the opposite direction: external rotation of the shoulder, flexion of the elbow, and supination of the forearm were detected. These motions in the opposite direction would be useful to extend the range of the motion in each joint angle. The results also appeared to be related to intrinsic muscle properties, that greater power can be exerted by the stretching-shortening cycle of the muscles. The time of the last joint rotation starting immediately before contact was in the order of decreasing inertia. Times required for the rotation until contact became shorter in order of occurrence. The faster the rotation was, the later it occurred, and the shorter was the rotation time. This kind of chain and continuous movement of different joints, and different freedom with the same joint, may accelerate the racket head efficiently. The averages of elbow angle and racket angle (the angle between the forearm and racket shaft) were 160.0°and 147.0°at contact, respectively the values may be the suitable choices between the contact height and contact speed in practical play.

著者

森丘 保典 杉田 正明 松尾 彰文 岡田 英孝 阿江 通良 小林 寛道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.414-421, 2000-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

---

This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between features of change in velocity and performance of world class athletes in the men's 400-m hurdle race(400mH).Nine final races of 400mH were videotaped with several video cameras panning from the start to the finish at 60 fields/s.After the time indication had been superimposed on each field of the VTR images, the time at touchdown immediately after hurdling was obtained.Using the flash of the starter's gun recorded on the VTR image, each hurdle touchdown time from the start, and each section thme(from each hurdle to the next)was obtained.The results of regression analysis showed a significantly high correlation (r=0.90, p<0.001)between 400mH performance and mean section velocity from the 5th to the 8th hurdle(H5-8), and a significant correlation(r=-0.61, p<0.05)between 400mH performance and te rate of deceleration in H5-8.These results indicate that in 400mH it is important to avoid decreasing velocity and to maintain a high velocity in H5-8 of the race in order to attain a high performance.

著者

阿江 数通 小池 関也 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 川村 卓 金堀 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.559-574, 2017 (Released:2017-12-19)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of the upper body between baseball tee batting and pitched ball batting in order to gain basic knowledge for improvement of batting skill. Ten male collegiate baseball players (age: 20.7±1.1 yr; height: 1.75±0.05 m; body mass: 76.3±7.1 kg; athletic career: 12.7±2.7 yr) participated. They performed 2 kinds of batting: tee batting (TB) and machine-pitch batting (MB) using a pitching machine (approximate ball speed 33.3 m/s), which were set at middle ball height for the strike zone. Three-dimensional coordinate data were acquired with a motion capture system. Kinematic variables such as maximum bat-head speed, swing time, bat angle, joint angles of the upper limbs, and segment angle of the upper trunk were calculated. Differences between TB and MB were analyzed statistically using paired t-test (p<0.05). The maximum bat-head speed was significantly greater in TB than in MB, but swing times divided into 2 phases showed no significant differences between MB and TB. In the first half of the swing, the bat inclination angle was significantly larger in MB than in TB. The joint angles of the barrel-side shoulder abduction, knob-side shoulder adduction and internal rotation were significantly larger in MB than in TB, and those of the barrel-side shoulder internal rotation and individual elbow pronations were significantly larger in TB than in MB. The clockwise rotational angle of the upper trunk was significantly larger in TB than in MB. In the last half of the swing, the joint angles of the barrel-side shoulder abduction, knob-side shoulder flexion and adduction were significantly larger in MB than in TB, and that of the knob-side elbow pronation was significantly larger in TB than in MB. The changes in upper body movement in MB affected the radius of rotation of the bat about the vertical axis to control the bat easily. The movements in the last half of the swing largely resulted from those in the first half of the swing, and did not contribute to timing adjustment. These results indicate that the initial configuration of the bat and upper limbs, and movements at the beginning of the bat swing contribute to the timing adjustment of the bat for a pitched ball. The results of the present study suggest that it could be useful to pay attention to the movement of the bat and upper body in the first half of the swing as TB practice in order to improve timing adjustment.

著者

佐久間 亨 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.325-332, 2010 (Released:2016-04-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

10 9

---

本研究の目的は,体幹の傾斜が歩行動作に及ぼす影響をバイオメカニクス的に分析することである.健常成人に異なる 体幹の傾斜(固有,体幹前傾10°,体幹後傾10°)で歩行させ,3 次元自動動作分析装置を用いて動作を計測するとともに,フォースプラットフォームを用いて地面反力を計測した.体幹前傾および後傾歩行では,姿勢変化による身体重心位置の変化に対応するための下肢の代償運動が見られた.また,固有歩行に比べると,体幹前傾歩行では立脚期前半で体幹の前傾姿勢を保持しながら支持脚を後方へスイングするため,股関節伸展トルクが大きく,体幹後傾歩行では立脚期後半で体幹の後傾姿勢を保持するため,股関節屈曲トルクが大きくなっていた.

著者

阿江 通良 湯 海鵬 横井 孝志

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.23-33, 1992

被引用文献数

67 262

---

Inertia properties of the body segments such as segment mass, location of the center of mass, and moment of inertia can be measured and predicted in a number of ingenious approaches. They can be classified into a) direct measurements on cadavers, b) indirect measurements on living subjects, and c) mathematical modelling. However, there is little information upon which complete inertial estimates for Japanese people, especially male and female athletes, can be based. The purposes of this study were to determine the mass, center of mass location, and moments of inertia of the body segments for Japanese male and female athletes using a mathematical modelling approach, and to develop a set of regression equations to estimate inertia properties of body segments using simple anthropometric measurements as predictors. Subjects were 215 male and 80 female athletes belonging to various college sport clubs. Each subject, wearing swimming suit and cap, was stereo-photographed in a standing position. Ten body segments including the upper and lower torso were modelled to be a system of elliptical zones 2cm thick based on Jensen and Yokoi et al. Significant prediction equations based on body height, body weight, and segment lengths were then sought, and some prediction strategies were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Table 2 provides a summary of mass ratios, center of mass location ratios and radius of gyration ratios for males and females. There were many significant differences in body segment parameters between the two sexes. This suggests the need to develop different prediction equations for males and females. 2) Close relationships were noted between segment masses and segment lengths and body weight as predictors for all body segments. Table 5 provides coefficients of multiple regression equations to predict segment masses. 3) No close relationship was noted between independent variables and estimates of the center of mass location. This indicates that the variance in the center of mass location in proportion to the segment length was very small, and that location of centers of mass could be estimated by the mean ratio provided in Table 2. 4) Close relationships were noted between segment moments of inertia and segment lengths (except hand and foot), and body weight as predictors. Tables 6 and 7 provide coefficients of multiple regression equations to predict segment moments of inertia from segment lengths and body weight.

著者

阿江 通良 湯 海鵬 横井 孝志

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.23-33, 1992-05-20 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

131 262

---

Inertia properties of the body segments such as segment mass, location of the center of mass, and moment of inertia can be measured and predicted in a number of ingenious approaches. They can be classified into a) direct measurements on cadavers, b) indirect measurements on living subjects, and c) mathematical modelling. However, there is little information upon which complete inertial estimates for Japanese people, especially male and female athletes, can be based. The purposes of this study were to determine the mass, center of mass location, and moments of inertia of the body segments for Japanese male and female athletes using a mathematical modelling approach, and to develop a set of regression equations to estimate inertia properties of body segments using simple anthropometric measurements as predictors. Subjects were 215 male and 80 female athletes belonging to various college sport clubs. Each subject, wearing swimming suit and cap, was stereo-photographed in a standing position. Ten body segments including the upper and lower torso were modelled to be a system of elliptical zones 2cm thick based on Jensen and Yokoi et al. Significant prediction equations based on body height, body weight, and segment lengths were then sought, and some prediction strategies were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Table 2 provides a summary of mass ratios, center of mass location ratios and radius of gyration ratios for males and females. There were many significant differences in body segment parameters between the two sexes. This suggests the need to develop different prediction equations for males and females. 2) Close relationships were noted between segment masses and segment lengths and body weight as predictors for all body segments. Table 5 provides coefficients of multiple regression equations to predict segment masses. 3) No close relationship was noted between independent variables and estimates of the center of mass location. This indicates that the variance in the center of mass location in proportion to the segment length was very small, and that location of centers of mass could be estimated by the mean ratio provided in Table 2. 4) Close relationships were noted between segment moments of inertia and segment lengths (except hand and foot), and body weight as predictors. Tables 6 and 7 provide coefficients of multiple regression equations to predict segment moments of inertia from segment lengths and body weight.

著者

阿江 数通 小池 関也 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 川村 卓 金堀 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16080, (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of the upper body between baseball tee batting and pitched ball batting in order to gain basic knowledge for improvement of batting skill. Ten male collegiate baseball players (age: 20.7±1.1 yr; height: 1.75±0.05 m; body mass: 76.3±7.1 kg; athletic career: 12.7±2.7 yr) participated. They performed two kinds of batting: tee batting (TB) and machine-pitch batting (MB) using a pitching machine (approximate ball speed 33.3 m/s), which were set at middle ball height for the strike zone. Three-dimensional coordinate data were acquired with a motion capture system. Kinematic variables such as maximum bat-head speed, swing time, bat angle, joint angles of the upper limbs, and segment angle of the upper trunk were calculated. Differences between TB and MB were analyzed statistically using paired t-test (p<0.05.) The maximum bat-head speed was significantly greater in TB than in MB, but swing times divided into two phases showed no significant differences between MB and TB. In the first half of the swing, the bat inclination angle was significantly larger in MB than in TB. The joint angles of the barrel-side shoulder abduction, knob-side shoulder adduction and internal rotation were significantly larger in MB than in TB, and those of the barrel-side shoulder internal rotation and individual elbow pronations were significantly larger in TB than in MB. The clockwise rotational angle of the upper trunk was significantly larger in TB than in MB. In the last half of the swing, the joint angles of the barrel-side shoulder abduction, knob-side shoulder flexion and adduction were significantly larger in MB than in TB, and that of the knob-side elbow pronation was significantly larger in TB than in MB. The changes in upper body movement in MB affected the radius of rotation of the bat about the vertical axis to control the bat easily. The movements in the last half of the swing largely resulted from those in the first half of the swing, and did not contribute to timing adjustment. These results indicate that the initial configuration of the bat and upper limbs, and movements at the beginning of the bat swing contribute to the timing adjustment of the bat for a pitched ball. The results of the present study suggest that it could be useful to pay attention to the movement of the bat and upper body in the first half of the swing as TB practice in order to improve timing adjustment.

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.89-103, 1995

被引用文献数

3 6

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the motions between the speed throw and the distance throw, using a three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis. Twenty-four male university baseball players were the subjects of this study. They were asked to throw a ball (mass 0.144kg) horizontally as fast as possible (speed throw: ST), and as far as possible (distance throw: DT). These motions were filmed by two high-speed video cameras. 3D landmark coordinates of the subiects and the ball were calculated by the DLT method. The following kinematic parameters were computed: angle of release, the component velocities of the ball, the 3D angles for the backward/forward lean, right/left lean of the upper torso, and the twist of the torso and those for the abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation at the shoulder joint, and the flexion/extension at the elbow joint of the throwing arm. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the stride foot contact to the ball release, and then averaged. Angle of release was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST. Significant difference was not found between the resultant velocity of the ST and the DT. Vertical velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. On the other hand, horizontal velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the ST than in the DT. The backward lean and the left lean angles of the upper torso were also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST throughout the all sequences analyzed. Ranges of these angular displacements between the stride foot contact and the release, however, had no significant difference between the ST and the DT. The shoulder adduction angle was also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. These results indicate that the differences in the release parameters between the ST and the DT were caused not only by the throwing arm motions but also by the motions of the upper torso. It has been suggested that the motions to upward and left ward of the upper torso helps to achieve longer throwing distance in the DT, and that forward lean of the upper torso possibly contributes to achieve larger horizontal ball velocity at the release in the ST.

著者

飯干 明 大村 一光 小山 宏之 村木 有也 阿江 通良

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.56, 2005-11-01

著者

飯干 明 阿江 通良 宮下 憲 末永 政治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.359-372, 1990-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strain and the running form at start dash. Twelve male sprinters were divided into two groups, an injured group (N=7) and an uninjured group (N=5), according to their history of previous hamstring muscles strain. They were filmed at the 1st step and the 5th step after starting with crouching style by means of a 16mm motion picture camera. Ground reaction forces were measured with a Kistler force platform. Selected kinematic and kinetic variables, such as joint angles, muscle length of hamstrings and muscle torques of the lower limb, were computed. The results were as follows; 1) The injured group tended to swing the lower leg more forward and the thigh backward less quickly before touchdown than the uninjured group. They also tended to show a greater thigh angle of the support leg at touchdown and to flex the support leg at the 5th step more than the uninjured group. 2) The injured group showed a significantly larger hip extensors torque than the uninjured group during the first half of the support phase for the 5th step. 3) The injured group showed greater shortening velocity of hamstrings during the first half of the support phase for the 5th step. The results suggest that larger hip extensors torque and greater shortening velocity of hamstrings during the first half of the support phase will be factors of the occurrence of muslce strain during start dash. These factors might be due to the start dash form such as contacting with a greater thigh angle of the support leg and flexing the support leg during support phase for the 5th step. This suggests that there exist the running form and the stage of sprinting where hamstring muscles strain is susceptible to occur.

著者

阿江 通良

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.9, pp.622-626, 1997-09-10 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

著者

島田 一志 阿江 通良 藤井 範久

出版者

日本バイオメカニクス学会

雑誌

バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.12-26, 2004

被引用文献数

1

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0812080087, (Released:2008-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

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The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.

著者

鈴木 俊輔 藤井 範久 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第55回(2004) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.317, 2004-09-01 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

竹中 俊輔 結城 匡啓 阿江 通良

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, 2009-08-26