著者
中西 雄二
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.6, pp.649-665, 2004-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
81
被引用文献数
1 1

More than two million Russian refugees resulted from the Russian Revolution in 1917. These refugees were termed "White Russians" ("Hakkei-Roshiajin" in Japanese) and did not accept the Soviet regime. For this reason, they escaped from their motherland and spread to many countries similar to a diaspora.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the way of life and the functions of White Russian society who chose Kobe, a former central city of White Russians living in Japan, as their domicile. This study is based on documents from the Diplomatic Record Office of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and oral data gained through fact-finding visits and interviews in the area.Most White Russians in Japan lived in Tokyo and Yokohama before the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. However, a large number of them migrated from the Tokyo area to Kobe, which provided shelter from the disaster. Thereafter, Kobe became one of the central settlements of White Russians in Japan, along with the Tokyo metropolitan area. In those days, many White Russians, more than 400 people at its highest point, settled in Kobe, particularly in the former Fukiai and Ikuta wards.The term "White Russians" refers to all people from the territory of the Russian Empire, including Christians, Jews, and Muslim Tatars. Therefore, White Russians are a group that is diverse in terms of culture, ethnicity and religion. Consequently, their organizations were based on their religious affiliations in Kobe.In the period after 1925, White Russians were categorized as stateless in Japan. They had the right to obtain a "Nansen Passport", issued by the League of Nations as identification cards, but their status was very uncertain. Moreover, many White Russians were peddlers and frequently travelled around. As a result, the Japanese authorities watched them closely as they were suspicious that White Russians were spies sent from foreign countries, especially from the Soviet Union. In fact, some White Russians were expelled from Japan in the 1920s. However, in the 1930s, chauvinistic nationalism arose among White Russians themselves, and some of them even provided donations to the Japanese government and army. This indicates that the White Russian society was subsumed within Japanese society in those days. In addition, there was some conflict over the attitude toward the Soviet Union in White Russian society.After W. W. II, the number of White Russians in Japan suddenly decreased. This is because many people went abroad in order to avoid chaos after the war. In Kobe, there was also a rapid decrease in the population of White Russians, and their organizations gradually declined and eventually dissolved. Today, only "The Kobe Eastern Orthodox Church Assumption of the Blessed Virgin", "The Kobe Muslim Mosque", and "The Kobe Foreign Cemetery" remain in Kobe as remnants of former White Russian society.These cases illustrate the disappearance of the ethnicity of White Russians in Kobe. There is a tendency for refugees to remigrate or for their families to disperse. Many White Russians were no exception, and this tendency is one of the reasons why White Russians disappeared from Kobe. In addition, the negative attitude of the Japanese state towards the inflow and settlement of foreigners is one of the major factors explaining their disappearance.

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[ロシア][研究][移民難民][history][日本] “神戸における白系ロシア人社会の生成と衰退”

Twitter (35 users, 38 posts, 18 favorites)

引用論文からロシア革命から200万人の難民が発生し、ヨーロッパに40万人の難民が押し寄せたとすると、難民のうち20%はヨーロッパに行き、日本には1666人押し寄せたとすると、0.0833%の難民が日本に来たことが分かります。次のツイートでこれを基に計算します。 5-7 出典 https://t.co/y8mJtCYO6Y
@tawarayasotatsu 調べてみると、日本を通過して米や濠の渡ろうとした人達が多いみたいですね。特に時期としては日本はまだ西欧の文化国ではない新興国ですし、やはり慣れ親しみがある文化圏を目指す様です。 https://t.co/TYUTU7ahJ1
中西雄二 2004「神戸における白系ロシア人社会の生成と衰退」『人文地理』56巻6号:649-665. https://t.co/na4jFFVtnv
@kuzumiyura 日本における白系ロシア人は、第二次世界大戦後に再移住で激減して、白系ロシア人互助組織もその頃にほぼ消滅したようですね。 https://t.co/tpcKGNGWMB
@J_Searobin ありがとうございます。 ナンセンパスポートあたりの経緯はちょうど先ほどより https://t.co/JV536J5hIJ などを見ておりました。 日本として無国籍としてかなり意図的に当時扱ったことは明らかですね。 他方、 https://t.co/lPBdSeGsn1 白系ロシア人を戦前の日本が個別に認識して個人管理をしていた
https://t.co/IZZD1r3D4s
『神戸における白系ロシア人社会の生成と衰退』 “The formation and decline of the society of White Russians in Kobe” https://t.co/3Pm6EVC9Z2

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