著者

松本 良 奥田 義久 蛭田 明宏 戸丸 仁 竹内 瑛一 山王 梨紗 鈴木 麻希 土永 和博 石田 泰士 石崎 理 武内 里香 小松原 純子 Antonio Fernando FREIRE 町山 栄章 青山 千春 上嶋 正人 弘松 峰男 Glen SNYDER 沼波 秀樹 佐藤 幹夫 的場 保望 中川 洋 角和 善隆 荻原 成騎 柳川 勝則 砂村 倫成 後藤 忠則 廬 海龍 小林 武志

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.43-71, 2009-02-25 (Released:2010-04-05)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

65 59

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A number of extensive methane plumes and active methane seeps associated with large blocks of methane hydrates exposed on the seafloor strongly indicate extremely high methane flux and large accumulations of methane hydrate in shallow sediments of the Umitaka spur and Joetsu knoll of the Joetsu basin 30 km off Joetsu city, Niigata Prefecture. Crater-like depressions, incised valleys, and large but inactive pockmarks also indicate methane activities over the spur and knoll. These features imply strong expulsions of methane gas or methane-bearing fluids, and perhaps lifting and floating-up of large volumes of methane hydrate to the sea surface. High heat flow, ∼100 mK/m, deposition of organic-rich strata, ∼1.0 to 1.5%TOC, and Pliocene-Quaternary inversion-tectonics along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea facilitate thermal maturation of organic matters, and generation and migration of light-hydrocarbons through fault conduits, and accumulation of large volumes of methane as methane hydrate in shallow sediments. Microbial methane generation has also contributed to reinforcing the methane flux of the Joetsu basin. Regional methane flux as observed by the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) is significantly high, < 1 m to 3 m, when compared to classic gas hydrate fields of Blake Ridge, 15 to 20 m, and Nankai trough, 3 to 15 m. δ13C of methane hydrate and seep gases are mostly within -30 to -50‰, the range of thermogenic methane, while dissolved methane of the interstitial waters a few kilometers away from seep sites are predominated by microbial with δ13C of -50 to -100‰. Seismic profiles have revealed fault-related, well-developed gas chimney structures, 0.2 to 3.5 km in diameter, on the spur and knoll. The structures are essential for conveying methane from deep-seated sources to shallow depths as well as for accumulating methane hydrate (gas chimney type deposits). The depth of BSR, which represents the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS), on the spur and knoll is generally 0.20 to 0.23 seconds in two-way-travel time, whereas the BSRs in gas chimneys occur at 0.14 to 0.18 seconds, exhibiting a sharp pull-up structure. The apparent shallow BGHS is due to the accumulation of large volumes of high-velocity methane hydrate in gas chimneys. The depth to BGHS is estimated to be 115 m on an experimentally determined stability diagram, based on an observed thermal gradient of 100 mK/m. Then the velocity of the sediments on the Umitaka spur is calculated to be 1000 m/s, which is anomalously low compared to normal pelagic mud of 1600-1700 m/s. This exciting finding leads to the important implication that sediments of the Umitaka spur contain significant amounts of free gas, although the sediments are well within the stability field of methane hydrate. The reasons for the existence of free gas in the methane hydrate stability field are not fully explained, but we propose the following possible mechanisms for the unusual co-existence of methane hydrate and free-gas in clay-silt of the spur. (i) High salinity effect of residual waters, (ii) degassing from ascending fluids, (iii) bound water effect and deficiency of free-waters, and (iv) micro-pore effect of porous media. All of these processes relate to the development of gas hydrate deposits of the Umitaka spur.(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

西村 昭 石塚 治 下田 玄 上嶋 正人 岸本 清行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

日本地質学会学術大会講演要旨 第114年学術大会(2007札幌) (ISSN:13483935)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.193, 2007 (Released:2009-01-30)

著者

倉本 真一 上嶋 正人 岡村 行信

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

日本地質学会学術大会講演要旨 (ISSN:13483935)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, 1997

著者

西村 清和 岸本 清行 上嶋 正人 荒井 晃作

出版者

海洋調査技術学会

雑誌

海洋調査技術 (ISSN:09152997)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.9-23, 2007-03-31

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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In the deep-sea geological survey, good survey results are difficult to obtain by a conventional surface-towed acoustic survey system, because the horizontal resolution is limited due to the long distance between the sensor and the target (seafloor). In order to improve the horizontal resolution, a deep-tow system, which tows the sensor in the vicinity of seafloor, is most practical, and many such systems have been developed and used until today. It is not easy, however, to carry out a high-density survey in a small area by maneuvering the towing body altitude sufficiently close to the seafloor with rugged topography. A ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) can be used to solve this problem. The ROV makes a high-density 2D survey feasible because of its maneuverability, although a long-distance survey is difficult with it. Accordingly, we have developed an acoustic survey system installed on a ROV. The system named DAIPACK (Deep-sea Acoustic Imaging Package) consists of (1) a deep-sea sub-bottom profiler and (2) a deep-sea sidescan sonar.<br> (1) Deep-sea sub-bottom profiler<br> A light-weight and compact sub-bottom profiler for shallow water was chosen to improve and repackage for the deep sea usage. The system is composed of three units; a transducer, an electronic unit and a notebook computer for system control and data acquisition. The source frequency is 10kHz. To convert the system for the deep sea, the transducer was exchanged for the deep sea model, and the electronic unit was improved accordingly. The electronic unit and the notebook computer were installed in a spherical pressure vessel.<br> (2) Deep-sea sidescan sonar<br> We remodeled a compact shallow sea sidescan sonar(water depth limitation is 30m ) into a deep sea one. This sidescan sonar is composed of a sonar towfish (transducers and an electronic unit ), a cable and a notebook computer (data processor). To accommodate in the deep water, the transducers were remodeled into a high pressure resistance type, and the electronic unit and the computer unit were stored in a spherical pressure vessel. The frequency output of the sidescan sonar is 330kHz, and the ranging distance is variable from 15m to 120m (one side).

著者

西川 一雄 西堀 剛 小早川 隆 但馬 達雄 上嶋 正人 三村 弘二 片田 正人

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

岩石鉱物鉱床学会誌 (ISSN:00214825)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.51-64, 1983-02-05 (Released:2008-08-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 4

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The late Cretaceous Koto Rhyolite is divided into two groups according to the succession. Each group forms an igneous cycle. The older group consists of the Kaiwara Welded Tuff and the Hatasho Quartz Porphyry, and their relationship is transitional in the field showing their co-magmatic origin. The Kaiwara Welded Tuff erupted apparently first as vesiculated magma from the top of the magma_??_reservoir followed by the intrusive phase of the Hatasho Quartz Porphyry. There are enrichment of phenocrysts such as quartz and alkali feldspar in the Kaiwara Welded Tuff, whereas plagioclase phenocrysts are more commo in the Hatasho Quartz Porphyry. The K/Rb ratios of the whole rocks are larger in the Hatasho Quartz Porphyry than in the Kaiwara Welded Tuff. The younger group consisting of the Yatsuoyama Pyroclastic Rock and the Inugami Granite Porphyry is also considered to be of co-magmatic origin although obvious intimate relationship of the two units could not be observed in the field. The differences between them in the composition of phenocryst minerals and K/Rb ratio of the whole rocks are similar to and somewhat larger than those between the Kaiwara Welded Tuff and the Hatasho Quartz Porphyry. The Inugami Granite Porphyry of the last igneous activity intruded along the ring faults whose center subsided stepwise and resulted in a double ring dike about 30km across. Thus the Koto Cauldron was composed. Natural remanent magnetism through the Koto Rhyolite suggests a clock-wise movement of the area during its igneous activity.