著者
中島 秀雄
出版者
日本鱗翅学会
雑誌
やどりが (ISSN:0513417X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.152, pp.2-28, 1993-02-25
著者
中島 秀雄
出版者
日本鱗翅学会
雑誌
蝶と蛾 (ISSN:00240974)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.3, pp.195-205, 1991-10-15

Operophteraは日本に6種分布している.そのうち,Operophtera brumata(LINNAEUS)は旧北区に広く分布しており,日本でも全国的に広く産することが知られていた.そして,その近縁種のO. fagata (SCHAR-FENBERG)はヨーロッパに分布し,brumataに比べて♂の前翅長が大きく,黄白色で光沢があり,♀においても前翅長が大きいことで明確に識別されていた.私は,日本の各地の多数の個体を採集して調べて行くうちに,日本のものにも♀の前翅に大小の差があることに気づき,fagataの分布の可能性を考慮して再検討した.しかし,ヨーロッパの2種の雌雄を入手して比較したところ日本のものは外観および交尾器にbrumata, fagataとは明瞭な差異が認められ,別種と判断できた.さらに,日本に生息しているものを交尾ペアを重点的に比較した結果,2種含まれている結論に達したので,これらを新種として記載した.Operophtena brunnea NAKAJIMA, sp. n. コナミフユナミシャク(新称) ♂の前翅長は14-17mm.外観はbrumataに似る.触角の中央部から先端の各節は短い.前翅は灰褐色から暗褐色で中横線,外横線,亜外縁線は波状に走る.翅の色は変化に富むが,brumataのように赤みを帯びることはない.♀の前翅長は1-3mm.体は暗褐色で前翅は非常に小さい.♂交尾器はbrumataに似るが,valvaの幅は狭い.Cornutiは長短2本の針状の突起からなり,brumata, fagata,もう一種の新種のvulgarisに比べて短い.♀の交尾器ではsignumを欠く.一方brumataは2個,fagataでは1個生じる.北海道,本州,九州に分布し,各地で採集されている.関東地方でみると,低山地に多いが,中禅寺湖(1,300m)などがかなり高標高の地域まで産するOperophtera vulgaris NAKAJIMA, sp. n. オオナミフユナミシャク(新称) ♂の前翅長は16-22mm.触角は中央部から先端の各節で長く,前種との良い区別点となる.前翅長は変化に富むが一般にbrumata, fagata, brunneaに比べて大きい.前翅の色も変異があるが,灰白色から灰褐色である.Brunneaとは個体変異を含めてみると,外観で区別することは困難であるが,本種では中横線が前縁の近くで外側にくの字状に切れ込み,真っすぐ前縁に向かううbrunneaとの区別の目安になる.♀の前翅長は3-5mm.Brunneaに比べて前翅が大きい.Fagataに似るが前翅がやや幅狭い.♂交尾器のvalvaはbrumata, fagataに比べて幅狭い.Brunneaに非常によく似ており,valvaの形状で区別するのは困難である.Cornutlはbrunneaに比べて長いのでこの点で区別できる.♀交尾器のsignumは1個生じる.その形状は小さい突起が多数集合するが,その数には変化があり,突起がほとんど無く板状になるものもある.本種は北海道,本州に広く分布し,前種との混生地も多い.そして,垂直分布は関東地方でみると500m位の低山から1,500mの亜高山帯まで産する.多摩湖(150m)では本種は生息しない.高尾山山頂付近(480m)ではbrunnea, vulgarisともいる.
著者
柳田 慶浩 中島 秀雄
出版者
日本鱗翅学会
雑誌
蝶と蛾 (ISSN:00240974)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.63-78, 1999-03-30 (Released:2017-08-10)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

The moth fauna of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands was surveyed from March 22 to March 29, 1998 on Chichi-jima I., Haha-jima I. and Ani-jima I. A total of 101 species including 12 unrecorded species is listed.
著者
大和田 守 有田 豊 神保 宇嗣 岸田 泰則 中島 秀雄 池田 真澄 平野 長男
出版者
国立科学博物館
雑誌
国立科学博物館専報 (ISSN:00824755)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, pp.37-136, 2006
被引用文献数
5

Six hundred and thirty-three moths in 46 families were collected in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, ca. 115 ha. The survey was carried out from June 2000 to December 2005 by using a light, sugar bait and by ordinary day-time survey of adults and larvae. All the collecting data are given in the list, in which some noteworthy moths are commented in comparison with the records of such green tracts in the urban Tokyo as the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, 1996-2000 (Owada et al., 2000), the garden of the Institute for Nature Study, ca. 20 ha, 1998-2000 (Owada et al., 2001), the Akasaka Imperial Gardens, ca. 51 ha, 2002-2004 (Owada et al., 2005a) and the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa, ca. 2 ha, 2002-2004 (Owada et al., 2005b). The comparison of each result is shown in Tables 1 and 2. During a decade of survey period from 1996 to 2005, we observed the establishment and outbreak of a tortricid moth Cerace xanthocosma in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, and the Akasaka Imperial Gardens (Owada et al., 2000, 2001, 2005a), and the details were summarized in the report of moths of the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa, Tokyo (Owada et al., 2005b). We became aware of the remarkable outbreak in the early spring of 2003, i. e., many nests made by the larvae of this tortricid moth were found on leaves of evergreen trees everywhere in the Imperial Palace and the Akasaka Imperial Gardens, Tokyo. This moth is bivoltine in Tokyo urban forests, adults fly in June-July and September. The outbreak of adult moths was observed in 2003 and 2004, but ended rapidly in the winter of 2004, when hibernating larval nests were mostly disappeared in the Imperial Palace. In 2005, the density level of adult moths backed to that in 2001-2001, a few or no moths were observed in each investigation of its flight periods. We had found and bread larvae of this polyphagous moth on the following 17 evergreen broadleaved trees in 11 families. Araliaceae: Fatsia japonica; Aquifoliaceae: Ilex pedunculosa; Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki; Eericaceae: Pieris japonica; Euphorbiaceae: Daphniphyllum himalaense; Fagaceae: Castanopsis sieboldii, Lithocarpus edulis; Lardizabalaceae: Extauntonia hexaphylla; Lauraceae: Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus thunbergii; Myricaceae: Myrica rubra; Oleaceae: Lingustrum japonicum; Theaceae: Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua, Camellia sinensis, Cleyera japonica. Most of lithosiine moths, Arctiidae, are lichen and algae feeders, and usually very common in any forests and grasslands. In the 1970-1980's, air pollution was very serious in Japan, and lithosiine moths, except for marshy moths of Pelosia spp., might have become once extinct in the Tokyo urban areas. From the 1990's onwards, air pollution was eased to some extent, and the flora of lichens and bryophytes began to restore in forests of city areas of Tokyo (Kashiwadani & Thor, 2000; Kashiwadani et al., 2001; Higuchi, 2001). In fact, some lithosiine moths were collected in the Institute for Nature Study, the Akasaka Imperial Gardens and the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa in 1998-2004, and they may already settle down in these forests. At the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, we were able to collect a female of Miltochrista abberans on 3 June, 2004, but we have collected none in 2005. It is quite likely that lithosiine moths will not settle down in the Imperial Palace grounds, which are the largest and richest the fauna and flora among large green tracts in urban Tokyo. This phenomenon may be one of the evidences of extinction of lithosiine moths in the urban Tokyo. There is a possible barrier, which obstructs the invasion of lithosiine moths to the Imperial Palace, that is, large moats completely surround the Palace. In larger moats, the longest width of water is ca. 100m, and is ca. 50m in smaller ones.