著者

来間 千晶 佐々木 丈予 関矢 寛史

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1713, (Released:2018-05-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese athletes often use the phrase “Kimochi ga kireta” (“I lost my spirit” in English) when they describe negative feelings during competitions. Although many athletes use this phrase and face this psychological problem, what it means and how it happens have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying the “loss of spirit” phenomenon during competitions and the usage of this term, through a qualitative analysis. After semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 athletes (M=8, F=6; mean age=20.43±1.40 years; mean duration of competitive career=11.64±4.62 years), 16 cases of “loss of spirit” were qualitatively analyzed with the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and classified into four types depending on causes of this phenomenon. It was revealed that “loss of spirit” is caused by (a) low motivation before the game, (b) opponent’s attitude or gap in ability, (c) bad tide of the game, and (d) unexpected events. The results also showed that the mental state of “loss of spirit” includes low motivation, decreased concentration, and feeling physical fatigue and pain. Moreover, it is indicated that this phenomenon leads to dissatisfying results in competitions. Therefore, this phrase is often used by athletes because it is a short expression of a mental state with multiple causes.

著者

鎌田 彩夏 佐々木 丈予 関矢 寛史

出版者

広島大学大学院総合科学研究科

雑誌

広島大学大学院総合科学研究科紀要. I, 人間科学研究 (ISSN:18817688)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.9-15, 2014-12-31

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The first purpose of this study was to investigate what motivated spectators to attend games of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp (Carp). The second purpose was to investigate the influence of previous attendance at Carp games in 2012 and seat types on the motivation for attending games. Among the spectators of baseball games that took place on September 18 and 19, 2012 at the Mazda Zoom-Zoom Stadium Hiroshima (Mazda Stadium), 467 completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire included items related to demographic information, the number of times the spectators had watched games at Mazda Stadium that year, the type of seat they occupied on the day, the team they supported that day, their favorite team, and 17 motivation items from a modified version of the Sport Spectator Motivation Scale. The results showed that the spectators were strongly motivated by "pleasure of spectating games," "devotion to the Carp," and "exciting play." Motivation scores for "devotion to the Carp," "attachment to Hiroshima," and "cheering" increased as the number of previous attendance increased. The scores for "being invited by friends or family members" and "spending time with friends or their boyfriend or girlfriend" were higher for spectators occupying group seats than those in individual seats. These results suggest that increasing the number of spectators at Mazda Stadium games demands multiple strategies to match spectators' needs.

著者

佐々木 丈予 関矢 寛史

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

2014

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the influences of psychological pressure on initial posture and anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) when performing a single forward step movement. Fourteen participants performed a single step toward a circular target (10 cm in diameter) in response to a beep sound. The trials were conducted under non-pressure and pressure conditions, with ten attempts for each. In performing the task, participants were required to respond rapidly to the beep sound, to be as brief as possible with the stepping movement, and to place their foot accurately in the landing position on the target. Pressure was induced by a small audience and false instructions of starting over the same experiment on another day and the presentation of video-taped performance in a sports science lecture if performance does not reach a criteria. The results showed that state anxiety (state-trait anxiety inventory: STAI Y-1) increased from 42.4 (±7.0) to 53.7 (±8.7) and that heart rate also increased from 76.2 (±7.0) bpm to 83.4 (±9.3) bpm when the participants were under pressure. Significant increases in mean radial error and bivariate variable error were found, indicating that accuracy of stepping in the landing position was reduced under pressure. Kinematic analysis showed that, in the initial posture phase, significant trunk inclination was observed under pressure. Kinetic data obtained using a force plate showed that mean and maximal force in the posterior direction increased when under pressure. Furthermore, the EMG activity levels of the tibialis anterior muscles increased under pressure. These results indicate that pressure affects both the initial posture and APA when performing a single forward step movement.<br>