著者

田中 美吏 柄木田 健太

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.27-39, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-03-31)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Wegner (1987) demonstrated that thoughts about white bears are facilitated by instructions not to think about white bears. This phenomenon is widely known as the ironic process theory, and it applies to cognitive tasks as well as motor tasks. Many studies have been conducted on ironic errors in the domain of motor performance. However, there are only a few old reviews providing a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. In this review of selected 17 articles, we classified these articles into experimental verification of ironic errors in motor performance, ironic errors when performing motor tasks under pressure, and mechanisms of ironic errors in motor performance in the viewpoints of attentional capacity and eye movement. We also reviewed articles reporting experimental verification of errors in the opposite direction (overcompensation), including the mechanisms of such errors. Finally, based on the results of the review, we have suggested the implications of ironic errors for future studies in sport psychology. This review is expected to provide a systematic understanding of applications of ironic processing theory in the domain of motor performance and contribute to future studies on this topic.

著者

榎本 恭介 荒井 弘和

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2014, (Released:2023-01-28)

参考文献数

20

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In football, players express their objections to referees’ decisions in the form of “protests” when they are not convinced that the referee’s judgment is correct. Previous studies have shown that protests have several disadvantages. Furthermore, since switching between offense and defense is important in football, moving quickly to the next play without protesting is important. Therefore, this study sought to identify factors associated with protests by football players. Specifically, interviews were conducted with university football players regarding the reasons that they would or would not protest against referees during football matches. Based on the interview results, items were created to measure protests against referees in football games and to measure factors expected to be related to such protests, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using these items. The results showed that players who felt that protests were costly, felt that they could cope well with unsatisfactory judgments made by referees, or who respected referees did not protest very often in various situations in football games.

著者

久保 昂大 杉山 佳生 内田 若希

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2110, (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

44

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Although the problems associated with corporal punishment have been identified, its use has yet to be dispensed with. To eliminate corporal punishment, it is necessary to prevent its proliferation, as those who have experienced it tend to impose it on the next generation of students. Accordingly, comprehending the psychological mechanism by which those who have experienced corporal punishment in the past accept it now is critical to its successful abolition. This study explored the relationship between positive perceptions and gratitude toward personal past experience of corporal punishment, as well as the relationship between these perceptions and emotions and favorable attitudes toward corporal punishment. An online survey was administered to those who had experienced corporal punishment in the past. The results revealed a link between positive perception and gratitude for the experience. A positive perception toward the experience was directly linked to acceptance and implementation of corporeal punishment. Moreover, gratitude for the experience was related to favorable attitudes toward corporal punishment via the positive perception of the experience. These findings are useful for examining approaches to changing the favorable attitudes toward corporal punishment held by those who have experienced it in the past.

著者

山田 快 堀本 菜美 長谷川 賢典

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2108, (Released:2022-08-04)

参考文献数

51

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This study examined Japanese athletesʼ perceptions of a good coach, including the necessary personal or behavioral characteristics. Data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire survey of 140 collegiate athletes (68 males and 72 females; average age 19.49 ± 0.96 years) from 26 sports. The KJ method was applied to extract the characteristics of a good coach. These factors were then categorized according to the closeness of response meanings. The 399 valid characteristics obtained were classified into 93 categories, and finally consolidated into five categories: “practicing athletecentered coaching,” “possessing superior humanity,” “having excellent knowledge and skills,” “making precise assessment and action,” and “building confidential relationships.” The results indicate that modern athletes believe a good coach should have the five core attributes. This finding suggests that a noble character is fundamental. Furthermore, coaches should update their knowledge and skills, behave appropriately in reading sport fields accurately, and forge solid relationships with athletes. The good coach would be able to embody athlete-centered with such practices. Therefore, coaches are expected to continue developing their personality and coaching skills, while keeping in mind athletesʼ and social needs. This study can serve as an essential guide for those who wish to become good coaches.

著者

筒井 香 藤原 素子

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.115-130, 2014-12-05 (Released:2015-04-14)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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This research clarified the concrete contents of positive thinking and explored how positive thinking differs according to individual characteristics. Levels of trait anxiety and concerns about evaluation from others and the coaching environment, were defined as individual characteristics. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for measuring trait anxiety was administered to a university male baseball team. Subsequently, one baseball player with high trait anxiety and one baseball player with low trait anxiety were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews focused on their thoughts during their baseball games and their individual characteristics. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively. Positive thinking was classified according to eight patterns associated with the objects of attention, on 3 axes (emotional expression, body consciousness, and external concern), and the relationship between individual characteristics and positive thinking was considered. Greater trait anxiety and concern about evaluation from others seemed to indicate that self-control thinking contributed to performance. In contrast, when trait anxiety and concern about evaluation from others was lower, self-encouragement thinking was more likely to contribute to performance.

著者

柄木田 健太 田中 美吏 稲田 愛子

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-2103, (Released:2021-11-13)

参考文献数

73

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Many athletes suffer from yips, which is defined as “a psycho-neuromuscular movement disorder, which affects sports in which fine motor precision skills (Clarke et al., 2015, p. 156).” Yips is one reason for significant performance decrements in sports. Several case studies, surveys, and experimental studies have been conducted to clarify this phenomenon. These studies can increase the understanding of yips and help athletes, coaches, and practitioners improve this problem during practice and competitions. Therefore, we reviewed 62 articles published from 1981 to 2021 reporting assessment, symptoms, and treatments of yips in sports. As a result, we identified four types of assessments: (1) self-assessments, (2) observations by others, (3) kinematic and physiological assessments using motion capture and electromyography, and (4) responding to assessment scales. The studies were also categorized in terms of symptoms, as psychological (e.g., anxiety, attention, and personality) and physio-behavioral (e.g., kinematics, muscular activity, and brain activity). The studies on yips treatment could be classified into imagery techniques, pharmacotherapy, and other psychological skills. Furthermore, specific studies indicated post-traumatic psychological growth through yips experiences. The implications of these studies for future research on yips are discussed based on this review.

著者

来間 千晶 佐々木 丈予 関矢 寛史

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1713, (Released:2018-05-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese athletes often use the phrase “Kimochi ga kireta” (“I lost my spirit” in English) when they describe negative feelings during competitions. Although many athletes use this phrase and face this psychological problem, what it means and how it happens have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying the “loss of spirit” phenomenon during competitions and the usage of this term, through a qualitative analysis. After semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 athletes (M=8, F=6; mean age=20.43±1.40 years; mean duration of competitive career=11.64±4.62 years), 16 cases of “loss of spirit” were qualitatively analyzed with the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and classified into four types depending on causes of this phenomenon. It was revealed that “loss of spirit” is caused by (a) low motivation before the game, (b) opponent’s attitude or gap in ability, (c) bad tide of the game, and (d) unexpected events. The results also showed that the mental state of “loss of spirit” includes low motivation, decreased concentration, and feeling physical fatigue and pain. Moreover, it is indicated that this phenomenon leads to dissatisfying results in competitions. Therefore, this phrase is often used by athletes because it is a short expression of a mental state with multiple causes.

著者

北 一郎 大塚 友実 西島 壮

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.133-140, 2010 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

4 2

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It has been suggested that regular physical exercise is beneficial to not only physiological adaptation, but also psychological health through stress reduction, antidepressant / anxiolytic properties and improvement in mood. However, since exercise regimens have varied widely across experiments, the optimal form, intensity and duration of exertion for producing the maximal benefits of exercise have yet to be established. Recent neuroscience studies have shown that physical exercise could have a positive impact on the brain, raising the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of physical exercise on psychological health are due to morphological and functional adaptation in the brain, rather than physiological adaptation to physical exercise. For example, it has been shown that physical exercise results in increased neurogenesis or expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well as improved cognitive abilities or reduced stress-induced depressive behavior. Although evidence of the neural and behavioral benefits of physical exercise is accumulating, the influences of different regimens of physical exercise on the brain and behavior remain unclear. This issue aims to outline the effects of physical exercise on pathological conditions with a focus on mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, and consider the neural mechanisms of the antidepressant / anxiolytic effects of physical exercise.

著者

田中 美吏 柄木田 健太

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1803, (Released:2019-02-06)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Wegner (1987) demonstrated that thoughts about white bears are facilitated by instructions not to think about white bears. This phenomenon is widely known as the ironic process theory, and it applies to cognitive tasks as well as motor tasks. Many studies have been conducted on ironic errors in the domain of motor performance. However, there are only a few old reviews providing a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. In this review of selected 17 articles, we classified these articles into experimental verification of ironic errors in motor performance, ironic errors when performing motor tasks under pressure, and mechanisms of ironic errors in motor performance in the viewpoints of attentional capacity and eye movement. We also reviewed articles reporting experimental verification of errors in the opposite direction (overcompensation), including the mechanisms of such errors. Finally, based on the results of the review, we have suggested the implications of ironic errors for future studies in sport psychology. This review is expected to provide a systematic understanding of applications of ironic processing theory in the domain of motor performance and contribute to future studies on this topic.

著者

栗林 千聡 佐藤 寛

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.93-102, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to develop pilot evaluation of psychometric property of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q) in Japanese junior tennis players and to examine its reliability and validity. The athlete version of CARM-Q was administered to 240 Japanese junior tennis players with a mean age of 15.7±1.3 years. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis replicated the factor structure found in the original version of the CARM-Q (Rhind and Jowett, 2012). Furthermore, it was suggested that the athlete version of CARM-Q had sufficient reliability and validity. The effects of the combination pattern of the coach-athlete dyad (athlete male/coach male, athlete male/coach female, athlete female/coach male, and athlete female/coach female) were tested via MANOVA using 7 subscales from the CARM-Q. Results revealed that the athlete male/coach female group was higher in Conflict management, Openness, and Motivational than the athlete male/coach male group. Additionally, the athlete female/coach male group revealed higher Motivational than the athlete male/coach male group. Future applications were also discussed regarding the CARM-Q as an assessment of the quality of the coach-athlete relationship in Japanese junior sport settings.

著者

栗林 千聡 武部 匡也 佐藤 寛

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-2015, (Released:2023-06-13)

参考文献数

15

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The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the preliminary effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program to address competitive anxiety among junior athletes. This cognitive behavioral therapy program for competitive anxiety in junior athletes was developed based on a cognitive behavioral therapy program for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents (Ishikawa, 2013). The goal of the program was not to eliminate competition anxiety itself, but to make athletesʼ interpretation of competition anxiety and cognition more flexible. A group of seven junior players (four males and three females) from a private tennis club were treated by a clinical psychologist once a week for a total of four sessions. This program was shown to increase their psychological performance selfefficacy post-intervention and at follow-up compared to pre-intervention. Interpretation of competitive anxiety and competitive positive self-statements showed a post-intervention increase compared to preintervention. Finally, the future effective practice of the program is discussed.

著者

梅津 千佳 富田 望 南出 歩美 武井 友紀 朴木 優斗 熊野 宏昭

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2102, (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

24

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In this study, we analyzed the process of maintaining and changing thoughts and behaviors between the experience of failure in a specific game and the next game based on the technique of TEM, and we named and discussed the contents of the synthesized TEM diagram from the perspective of metacognitive therapy (MCT). We interviewed nine sports competitors in their student age who had experienced failures in team competitions in the past and had dragged them out until the next game and summarized their experiences in a Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM) diagram. The results of the analysis showed that the state of Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS) which is regarded as a main problem in MCT, decreases performance. In addition, functional coping behaviors were shown to improve performance, resulting in the acquisition of Detached Mindfulness (DM) states. The results suggest that it is useful to examine the psychological factors that contribute to performance decline and improvement from the perspective of MCT, and to support performance improvement through MCT. In the future, it will be necessary to explore unhelpful coping behaviors in sports situations using behavioral assessment tests for anxiety that deal with unhelpful coping behaviors, and to examine how these behaviors affect performance through psychoeducation and interventions based on DM techniques.

著者

松田 晃二郎 須﨑 康臣 向 晃佑 杉山 佳生

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.73-87, 2018-09-30 (Released:2018-10-04)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

2 3

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The present study aimed to explore the psychological growth achieved by athletes during coping with the yips. We interviewed six university baseball players (mean age=21.0 years, SD=1.15 years) who experienced the yips using the episode interview method and then gathered narrative data related to the experience of the yips or the psychological growth accompanying the same. As a result of analysis of the data, it was roughly divided into two types of narratives: “narratives of negative psychological changes accompanying the experience of the yips” and “narratives of psychological growth accompanying the experience of the yips.” Further analysis of the latter yielded the following five category groups on psychological growth: “positive changes in consciousness of competition,” “changes in self-recognition,” “mental margin,” “changes in the views of a way of others,” and “deepening of understanding of competition.” These results suggest that the experience of the yips leads to negative as well as positive psychological changes in the athlete.

著者

並木 伸賢 堀野 博幸

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.137-156, 2022-09-30 (Released:2022-09-30)

参考文献数

77

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In this review, we examined the literature on psychological aspects among professional soccer players and discussed the research trends in this field. National and international databases were searched using terms such as “psychological and (soccer OR football) and professional” and 56 studies were selected. A total of 15 psychological aspects were extracted from the selected studies. In addition, an overview of the studies revealed that (1) most of the studies were conducted in Europe and targeted approximately one soccer team, (2) most of the studies were survey or observational studies and only a few were intervention studies, and (3) most of the research topics were related to players’ mental health, with many studies dealing with aspects such as stress and coping strategies. From study designs, it can be said that the research targeting professional soccer players is still in the stage of identifying the psychological aspects among the players and organizing these in terms of significance. In the future, it will be necessary to determine the significant psychological aspects through research and suggest and evaluate interventions for professional soccer players.

著者

戸山 彩奈 松本 裕史 渋倉 崇行 幸野 邦男

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-1905, (Released:2019-12-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

---

Using self-determination theory as a framework, the present study examined the effects of female college athletesʼ perceptions of controlling behaviors by coaches on their motivation toward sports. Specifically, this study examined whether basic psychological needs (satisfaction and frustration) mediated the relationships between perceived controlling coach behaviors and athletesʼ motivation. Female college student-athletes (N=243) completed questionnaires assessing perceived controlling coach behaviors, as well as their motivation (intrinsic motivation and amotivation) and perceptions of psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Structural equation modeling indicated support for a mediational effect. Specifically, the results indicated that controlling coach behaviors significantly predicted psychological need frustration, which, in turn, predicted amotivation. Therefore, it is suggested that controlling behaviors by coaches increase psychological need frustration and facilitate amotivation in female college athletes.

著者

冨永 哲志 豊田 則成 福井 邦宗

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.51-65, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-08)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine and conceptualize a model of the development of ability in the performance process. This qualitative research study was based on the research question, “How do performers narrate the process when they develop the ability to do something?” Data were collected observations and introspective reports from 8 performers who had learned to juggling for the first time and were analyzed using the Trajectory Equifinality Model.Results showed that performers slowly developed a sensuous understanding about the exercise task because they sought to perform better. Moreover, performers developed the ability to complete the task because of their improved sensuous understanding. That is to say, performers’ narration of the process of ability development reflects a qualitative shift resulting from an understanding of oneself through repeated “self-regulation”and “over-adjustment” .The following three points are also discussed: 1) The knack of ability development in performance, 2) They were confronted with their personality implied at qualitative shift, 3) The meaning of “stagnant performance” during task achievement.

著者

梅崎 高行 酒井 厚 眞榮城 和美 前川 浩子 則定 百合子

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-2109, (Released:2023-08-29)

参考文献数

47

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The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the effects of parent and peer motivational climate on sport autonomy motivation in early adolescent athletes. We hypothesized that parents’ performance-oriented motivational climate would negatively affect player autonomy, but peers’ mastery-oriented motivational climate would moderate negative effects on player autonomy. Participants were 74 soccer players (66 male, 8 female) who completed the study at two time points separated by one year, with a mean age of 11.04 years (SD=0.71 years) at the first time point. At Time 1, a self-report questionnaire measured soccer competence (The Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale; BNSSS) as a control variable and parent-initiated motivational climate (Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire 2; PIMCQ-2) and peer motivational climate (Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire; PeerMCYSQ) as explanatory variables. At Time 2, the level of motivational autonomy (revised Sport Motivation Scale; SMS-II) was measured as an objective variable. After calculating correlations to confirm the relationships between the variables, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted, including an interaction term between parent and peer motivational climate. Results indicated that an anxiety-promoting parental motivational climate predicted low player autonomy under different peer motivational climates and did not support the hypothesis that a masteryoriented peer motivational climate moderate negative parental influences. We discussed the importance of a mastery-oriented parental motivational climate in supporting player autonomy motivation during the developmental transition from childhood to adolescence.

著者

雨宮 怜 金 ウンビ 稲垣 和希 坂入 洋右

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.67-80, 2019-09-30 (Released:2019-09-30)

参考文献数

49

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The relationship between mindfulness, psychological competitive abilities and mood states were investigated among Japanese university athletes.Athletes (N=233, 169 men and 64 women, mean age 18.51 years, SD=1.16) responded to a questionnaire package comprising the Athletes Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological Competitive Ability for Athletes 3 (DIPCA. 3), and the Japanese version of the Profile of Moods States short version (POMS).Results indicated that athletes with high compared to low mindfulness scores had higher scores for self-control, ability to relax, concentration, confidence, decision, judgment, as well as higher total DIPCA. 3, and lower score for total POMS scores. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated direct and indirect associations between mindfulness and total mood disturbance through self-control and ability to relax skills of the DIPCA. 3.These results suggest that mindfulness is one predictor of psychological aspects of performance and mental health of athletes.

著者

相羽 枝莉子 松田 晃二郎 児玉 亜由実 杉山 佳生

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-2106, (Released:2022-02-25)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to develop the Emotion Regulation Strategies scales in Sports competition (ERSS), and to investigate the patterns of tendency to use emotion regulation strategies during games with the competition results. In Study 1, a total of 513 athletes were investigated using a preliminary scale, and through exploratory factor analysis, six factors (positive refocusing, self-blame, conversion of viewpoint, emotional suppression, problem-solving, and rumination) were extracted, and the ERSS was developed. In Study 2, a total of 327 athletes, who different from the subjects in Study 1, completed the ERSS to confirm its validity, together with its related scales. All the subscales correlated with their relevant subscales in the expected directions, and the test–retest reliability was .41–.71 (p < .01). In addition, we analyzed ERSS subscale scores with cluster analysis, and the participants were classified into four clusters. The first cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use all the emotion regulation strategies; the second cluster consisted of athletes who were less likely to use all the strategies; the third cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use positive refocusing; and the fourth cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use problem-solving and emotional suppression. We conducted a chi-square test to investigate the association between the clusters and the level of competition. While we found no significant differences in any of them, we did identify a marginally significant difference in the first cluster.

著者

雨宮 怜 金 ウンビ 稲垣 和希 坂入 洋右

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-1802, (Released:2019-07-04)

参考文献数

49

---

The relationship between mindfulness, psychological competitive abilities and mood states were investigated among Japanese university athletes.Athletes (N=233, 169 men and 64 women, mean age 18.51 years, SD=1.16) responded to a questionnaire package comprising the Athletes Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological Competitive Ability for Athletes 3 (DIPCA. 3), and the Japanese version of the Profile of Moods States short version (POMS).Results indicated that athletes with high compared to low mindfulness scores had higher scores for self-control, ability to relax, concentration, confidence, decision, judgment, as well as higher total DIPCA. 3, and lower score for total POMS scores. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated direct and indirect associations between mindfulness and total mood disturbance through self-control and ability to relax skills of the DIPCA. 3.These results suggest that mindfulness is one predictor of psychological aspects of performance and mental health of athletes.