1 0 0 0 OA 医薬品の環境リスクアセスメント ―医療従事者が知っておくべき医薬品の環境リスク―
- 著者
- 安齋 享征 佐藤 哲男
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会
- 雑誌
- 臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.41, no.1, pp.59-65, 2009 (Released:2010-04-02)
- 参考文献数
- 19
The sensitivity and detection limit of chemical analysis have improved remarkably since the 1980's, and pharmaceuticals are frequently detected in the environment. Many substances including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, body care products, disinfectants, fire retardants, industrial additives and gasoline additives have been referred to generally as emerging contaminants. The EU and US have already established regulations concerning environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals. In Japan, a group closely related to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has begun to study similar regulations. The adoption of these regulations has been welcome in the EU and US, and ERA guidelines will also be established in Japan in the near future. On the other hand, health professions such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists in Japan appear to be unaware of ERA of pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants. This article provides a general overview of ERA of pharmaceuticals in the EU and USA, especially targeting health professions in Japan.
- 著者
- 佐藤 哲男 細川 正清 渥美 亮 鈴木 亘 伯水 英夫 永井 栄一
- 出版者
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, no.5, pp.662-664, 1994-05-15 (Released:2008-04-10)
- 参考文献数
- 18
- 被引用文献数
- 79 135
We measured the plasma concentrations of 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidine] carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) and the active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), after treatment with CPT-11 to rats pretreated with bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate (BNPP) which is a specific inhibitor of carboxylesterase, and non-pretreated rats. The plasma level of SN-38 was decreased in the BNPP-pretreated group compared with these of non-pretreated group, indicating that the esterase involved in CPT-11 metabolism is a carboxylesterase. We also characterized the molecular species of carboxylesterase involved in CPT-11 metabolism using enzyme preparations purified from liver microsomes. Thirteen carboxylesterase isozyme activities towards CPT-11 were compared and guinea pig GLP1 was found to have the highest activity, while human HU1 isozyme had relatively lower activity than those of animal species. In studies on the kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of CPT-11 by the purified carboxylesterase isozymes the highest Vmax value of the isozymes was found in human HU1 and the smallest was seen in rat RL1. The Vmax/Km for RL1 showed the largest value of 21.7 nmol/mg protein/mM.
1 0 0 0 OA 化学物質の安全性評価におけるヒト由来試料の有用性 —ヒトS9を用いるAmes試験—
- 著者
- 羽倉 昌志 鈴木 聡 佐藤 哲男
- 出版者
- 日本環境変異原学会
- 雑誌
- 環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.25, no.2, pp.135-146, 2003 (Released:2005-08-19)
- 参考文献数
- 57
- 被引用文献数
- 3 4
Because of the recent advances in the acquisition of human materials for research in addition to the value in the evaluation of the mutagenicity in humans, the use of human S9 fractions in the Ames test is starting to attract attention. However, until recently, available data on the mutagenicity with human S9 fractions has been limited. We have thus accumulated a large and extensive body of data on the Ames test with human S9 fractions during the last 5 years. In this report, these data are reviewed, and the utility of the human S9 fractions in mutagenicity testing systems is discussed.