著者
渡辺 剛 藤井 義明 児玉 淳一 福田 大祐
出版者
資源・素材学会
雑誌
資源・素材講演集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.1, pp.3, 2021-03-10

日本は、国土面積が世界の0.25%であるが、自然災害被害額が世界の17%を占めているように、自然災害の被害を受けやすい。世界的に見ても、世界の自然災害の被害額ランキングの上位3つを、四川大地震・阪神淡路大震災・東日本大震災が独占しているように地震の被害は甚大である。 巨大地震の対策として予知が研究されているが、予知技術は確立されておらず未だ予知に成功した事例はない。仮に予知技術が確立されて人的被害を抑えることができても、インフラの被害を防ぐことはできない。一方、巨大地震を予防することができれば、これらの被害をゼロにすることができる。たとえば地下核実験により巨大地震の発生を予防できるのではないかという報告がある。そこで本研究では地下核実験による巨大地震の抑制効果について検討し、核実験場から様々な距離の地域における地震の発生状況やb値の推移について調べた。すると最寄りの核実験場から2100 km以内では、地下核実験後、巨大地震の発生頻度が減少し、b値は増加していた。核実験による地震動が臨界状態にない断層を刺激し、小さい地震が発生してひずみエネルギーが解放された可能性がある。
著者
藤井 義明 児玉 淳一 福田 大祐
出版者
土木学会
雑誌
土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2018, no.73, pp.285-286, 2018-08-31

人類の存亡に関わる巨大災害として小惑星の衝突・破局噴火・都市直下型地震・海溝型の巨大地震などが挙げられる。小惑星については、既に衝突を予防するための研究が開始されている。噴火や地震については、これらの予知が可能で、かつ、住民の避難に成功したところで、主に人的被害が減るだけで、インフラは壊滅する。ところが、これらを制御、さらに予防することができれば、被害はゼロになる。そこで、ここでは、超臨界発電を用いた破局噴火の予防、注水による直下型地震の予防、地下核爆発を用いた巨大地震の予防について提案し、コストとリスクについて検討する。
著者
児玉 淳一 立川 多久登 中 良介 濱中 晃弘 板倉 賢一 出口 剛太 福田 大祐 藤井 義明
出版者
一般社団法人 資源・素材学会
雑誌
Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.134, no.7, pp.91-98, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-07-31)
参考文献数
24

Small-scale underground coal gasification (UCG) model tests with a linking hole were carried out using two types of specimens made of either block coal or crushed coal to clarify their characteristics of combustion and gasification. Many similar characteristics were found between both specimens in terms of temperature change and its spatial distribution as well as concentration and heating value of each gas product as long as the crushed coal specimen was sufficiently consolidated. The shape and dimension of the cavity formed in the both specimens were also similar. Texture of the both specimens was changed after the combustion and gasification. Initiation of radial cracks from the linking hole was found in the both specimens. Within the zone with the radial cracks initiation, grains in the crushed coal were bonded whereas cleats in the block coal were healed. The grain bonding and the cleavage healing can be explained by melting and expansion of coal due to temperature increase. The radial cracks are likely initiated after the grain bonding or the cleavage healing due to tensile thermal stress induced by temperature gradient in the coal specimens. It can be concluded that the characteristics of combustion and gasification of the crushed coal and the block coal are similar because both types of coals become similar in texture through combustion and gasification. These results indicate that characteristics of combustion and gasification of coal seam can be mostly estimated from a model test with artificial coal seam made of crushed coal.
著者
濵中 晃弘 蘇 発強 板倉 賢一 髙橋 一弘 佐藤 孝紀 児玉 淳一 出口 剛太
出版者
一般社団法人 資源・素材学会
雑誌
Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.134, no.7, pp.81-90, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-07-31)
参考文献数
24

Underground coal gasification (UCG), a technique used to recover coal energy by the in-situ conversion of coal into gaseous products, enables recovery of coal energy from the potential coal resources abandoned under the ground for either technical or economic reasons. However, it might be difficult to adopt conventional UCG systems in Japan because of geological conditions that are complicated by the existence of faults and folds. Additionally, it is difficult to control the combustion/gasification area during UCG process because the process is invisible. Therefore, a co-axial UCG system that is compact, safe, and flexible to adopt is suggested with monitoring system by means of acoustic emission as an alternative UCG system. This UCG system has superiority in terms of applicability compared to the conventional one, but the recovered energy from the coal is relatively low because the gasification area in a co-axial system is limited around a well. In order to develop co-axial UCG system with high efficiency, the model UCG experiment with a large-scale simulated coal seam were conducted. It has been shown that 1) the gasification period can be extended by adopting proper oxygen inflow, 2) it is possible to control the combustion/gasification area and the product gas quality by controlling the position of oxygen inflow, 3) acoustic emission monitoring is an effective technique to evaluate the combustion/gasification area.
著者
田村 智樹 太田 光浩 児玉 淳一 吉田 豊
出版者
一般社団法人資源・素材学会
雑誌
Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.128, no.2, pp.65-71, 2012-01-25 (Released:2013-06-26)
参考文献数
14

Recently, old narrow tunnels are reused by widening their sections for economic efficiency. New design concept will be required in their construction because excavation damaged zone (EDZ) might be already formed around old tunnels. Especially, estimation of EDZ extent is necessary for safe construction and stability assessment of a widening tunnel. In this study, EDZ around an old tunnel constructed in the Neogene soft rock seventy years ago was estimated based on P-wave velocity and observation of the face during widening. Deformation caused by widening the old tunnel was also measured. It was found that EDZ estimated by reduction in P-wave velocity was in good agreement with that estimated by observation of the face. It was also found that deformation of the widening tunnel was much less than that of either the old tunnel or a new tunnel constructed near the widening tunnel. In the widening tunnel, most of EDZ had been excavated and non-damaged zone outer side of the EDZ had been little excavated. It can be expected that deformation of a widening tunnel is little when the section size of that is almost equal to extent of EDZ.