1 0 0 0 OA 日本における株式会社の成立と会社規制
- 著者
- 北浦 貴士
- 出版者
- Business History Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- 経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.44, no.1, pp.1_58-1_77, 2009 (Released:2012-03-23)
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the contents and significance of the regulations implemented by local governments prior to the enforcement of the initial commercial law in 1893, when Japanese corporations introduced the concept of limited liability, the fundamental characteristic of corporation law. Taking up the cases of Tokyo and Osaka as examples, this paper discusses how the regulations urged newly established corporations to complete their capitals.During the depression after 1882, not a few corporations went into bankruptcy and some of the promoters committed fraud. Under such circumstances, the judiciary denied the corporations' limited liability to protect creditors. This, however, had considerable adverse effects on the general stockholders who had extensively invested in the stock market.The governments of Tokyo and Osaka immediately implemented two measures to address this issue. First, they executed the inquiries into the properties of the promoters. This measure was expected to prevent the authorized initial stockholders from committing fraud, failing to pay the money for acquiring stocks, and committing embezzlement. In addition, the investigation into the promoters' properties eventually compelled them to make an initial payment to acquire the companies' stocks at the time of the formation of the companies. As a result, the companies' assets were secured. Such a practice was imperative in propagating the idea of the limited liability in general. The second measure was the instructions for the companies to amend their rules of operation. This regulation was to ensure that the rules conform to the fundamental provisions of a corporation, that is, the limited liability, the payment of stocks, and the organization of the corporation. This measure also had the effect to secure the assets of the corporations.In conclusion, the above-mentioned regulation eventually propagated the idea of the limited liability. This conclusion can be verified by the fact that the Tokyo Appellate Court, which had previously denied the limited liability of the stock companies, was forced to amend its ruling.
最終年度に実施した研究成果は、つぎの通りである。1.2018年10月20日・21日に一橋大学で開催された2018年度政治経済学・経済史学会秋季学術大会にて「戦後日本における地域産業化の歴史的ダイナミズム-備後福山地区を中心に-」と題するパネル・ディスカッションを行った。科研メンバーのうち、代表者を含む4名が報告を行った。報告内容はいずれも本科研費にもとづく成果の一部となっている。具体的に「備後地域機械工業集積の形成・発展」(張楓)、「日本鋼管における福山製鉄所と福山市」(北浦貴士)、「福山中心市街地商店街の形成と展開」(柳沢遊)、「地域企業としての日東製網」(研究協力者:植田展大)であった。2.3月26日に慶応義塾大学三田キャンパスにて科研メンバー全員参加による研究会を開催した。そこで出版社の編集担当をまじえながら、本科研費にもとづく研究成果の2019年度中刊行にむけての1次原稿に関する意見交換と2次原稿などに関する打ち合わせを行った。本科研の課題は、戦後における地方工業地帯・地方都市の歴史的展開について、広島県東部に位置する備後福山地区に着目して多岐にわたる製造業(機械工業、鉄鋼業、製網業、造船業)と商業・サービス業(小売業、観光業、デザイン産業)を事例に、地域と産業・企業との「相互作用関係」を重視する視点から実証的かつ総合的に検討することにある。3年間にわたって行われてきた研究成果は、当初目指していた研究目的と実施計画にそった形で期待以上のものであったと認識している。