著者

柳沢 遊

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.1-18, 1981-07-20 (Released:2017-11-30)

---

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of social movements by Japanese retail dealers in "Manchuria" (Northeast China) during a decade of 1920-1930. In 1920's, Japaneae retail dealers in staple foods and commodities generally fell into poverty caused by three important factors. They developed social movements intending to obtain the special protection of their trades from Kwantung Agency or South Manchuria Railway Company. Their demands for protection consisted of two main contents. One was to abolish the Consumer's Cooperative Societies and the other was to establish the financial banking for the running trade money to them. Japanese retail dealers made every effort to abolish the Cooperative Societies, but in vain. All they attained was the end of the direct protection for the Cooperative Societies by South Manchuria Railway Company. At the first stage of the movement, the retail dealers proeeded in accordance with the Chambers of Commerce in "Manchuria". In the latter half of 1920's, they established their own organization and propelled the movements against Cooperative Societies and for establishment of Manchuria Import Association, under the hegemony of retail dealers' shop societies. As the result of their roused social movements, South Manchuria Railway Company and Kwantung Agency were forced to take measures against the distressed "middle class" in 1927-1928. The establishment of Manchuria Import Associations and City Financial Associations by Kwantung Agency meant a remedy for the distressed "middle class" Japanese residents in "Manchuria". Nevertheless, such a remedy obviously could not result in the drastic improvement of the economic conditions of all the Japanese retail dealers. The retail dealers' demands were partially realized, some of their economic, social dissatisfaction sbsorbed into the "relief policy" by the colonial authorities, and others canalized to the exclusive anti-China movements. The development of trade activity of Chinese merchants was the basic factor which enforced the retail dealers to participate in the exclusionism movements. The enforcement of "Anti-Japan" economic policies by Chan Hsiieh-liang government accompanied by frequent boycottings of Japanese goods, accelerated the antiforeignism among Japanese residents. Thus, under the circumstances of the world crisis, Japanese retail dealers who combined the sense of depression in their own trade with the sense of exclusionism, responded excessively to the "crisis" of Japanese special interests in "Manchuria". To break through the difficult situation, they wanted every possible means, including the operation of Kwantung Army.

著者

江田 憲治 伊藤 一彦 柳沢 遊

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科 社会システム研究刊行会

雑誌

社会システム研究 (ISSN:13434497)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.179-203, 2014-03

著者

張 楓 北浦 貴士 柳沢 遊 平山 勉 松村 敏 高柳 友彦 満薗 勇

出版者

福山大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2016-04-01

---

最終年度に実施した研究成果は、つぎの通りである。1.2018年10月20日・21日に一橋大学で開催された2018年度政治経済学・経済史学会秋季学術大会にて「戦後日本における地域産業化の歴史的ダイナミズム-備後福山地区を中心に-」と題するパネル・ディスカッションを行った。科研メンバーのうち、代表者を含む4名が報告を行った。報告内容はいずれも本科研費にもとづく成果の一部となっている。具体的に「備後地域機械工業集積の形成・発展」(張楓)、「日本鋼管における福山製鉄所と福山市」(北浦貴士)、「福山中心市街地商店街の形成と展開」(柳沢遊)、「地域企業としての日東製網」(研究協力者:植田展大)であった。2.3月26日に慶応義塾大学三田キャンパスにて科研メンバー全員参加による研究会を開催した。そこで出版社の編集担当をまじえながら、本科研費にもとづく研究成果の2019年度中刊行にむけての1次原稿に関する意見交換と2次原稿などに関する打ち合わせを行った。本科研の課題は、戦後における地方工業地帯・地方都市の歴史的展開について、広島県東部に位置する備後福山地区に着目して多岐にわたる製造業(機械工業、鉄鋼業、製網業、造船業)と商業・サービス業(小売業、観光業、デザイン産業)を事例に、地域と産業・企業との「相互作用関係」を重視する視点から実証的かつ総合的に検討することにある。3年間にわたって行われてきた研究成果は、当初目指していた研究目的と実施計画にそった形で期待以上のものであったと認識している。

著者

大門 正克 柳沢 遊

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.28-47, 1996-04-20 (Released:2017-12-30)

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper aims to clarify the man-power mobilization scheme implemented in the war-time (1937-45) to transfer labour from non-military section to the army and munitions industry section, particularly focusing at its impact on the two main sources of extracted labour, namely rural peasant and urban trading population. With the escalation of the war since 1937, recognizing the importance of increasing food production, the government officially excluded peasant families from the mobilization program in 1941. However, the extraction from peasants did not completely stop but in fact continued in the form of requisition and conscription. The peasant families from which adult males were extracted had to cope with this difficulty by increasing the role of female members in the farm management and operations. The impact on urban traders was greater. In 1941, for the purpose of reorganizing the goods-circulation system (Sangyo-Saihensei) and mobilizing labour force into munitions industries, the government started a policy to convert retail merchants to factory workers. While in the earlier stage merchants managed to fill such demand for labour by inducing their shopboys to switch jobs to factory workers, in the later period shop owners themselves had to temporarily serve in factories as voluntary workers (Kinro-Hokokutai). Though they tried to survive their own business by making full use of their family labour, the majority were obliged to close down their shops when the 'Drastic Mobilization Scheme' was set in force in summer 1943. The war-time labour mobilization considerably weakened such abilities of families and family business as to support and educate family members and to succeed and maintain traditional skills. This implies that these roles having been played by families were to be substituted either by government's social welfare activities or by welfare facilities provided by big companies. Thus, the war-time labour mobilization, while relying upon the families and family business as their main sources of man power, caused a considerable change in the function of families.

著者

柳沢 遊

出版者

札幌大学

雑誌

地域と経済 (ISSN:13491725)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.65-84, 2006-03-31