著者

宮田律

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

no.228, 2006-05

著者

宮田 律

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.92, pp.158-170,L16, 1989

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The coup backed by the CIA which toppled the Mussadiq's government in 1953 and the failure of the popular uprising led by Khumeini initiated and developed the anti-US feeling in Iran. This fact can be proved because Khumeini's &ldquo;struggle&rdquo; against &ldquo;American imperialism&rdquo; led to the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the successive US hostage incident in Iran (November 1979-January 1981).<br>After the uprising in 1963, the U. S. government gradually got on closer terms with the Shah's regime. Such U. S. support for the corrupt and repressive government of the Shah had close connections with important American industries, such as munitions production, electric power generation and communication industry. In addition, the clash of interests and competition of these industries in Iran were carried out by bribes and a huge commission system. Furthermore, in 1977, about 70% of the national budget was spent on military affairs, so it was evident to many Iranians that the Iranian policies were determined by the interest of these American enterprises.<br>After the 1963 uprising was quelled, Khumeini formed strong attachments with the purpose of overthrowing the Shah's regime. He believed that the Shah was selling the spirit of Iran to the U. S. and propagating corruption, immorality and repression. In addition, Khumeini blamed the U. S. for making the Shah carry out the &ldquo;White Revolution&rdquo;, so it was responsible for the tragedy that occurred in that uprising. Khumeini also declared that the U. S. government compelled the &ldquo;Puppet Shah&rdquo; to give Americans extraterritorial rights. Up until the revolution in 1979, he had condemned the Shah and admired the people who were engaged in the anti-establishment movement, and he denounced the U. S. government for supporting the corrupt and repressive Shah's government. Thus, Khumeini and his followers became the background of anti-US ideology of the Iran-Islam government which has endured till the present.<br>This paper traces the formation and development of anti-American feeling in Iran. This anti-US feeling has formed the basis of diplomatic policies of the Iranian government since the revolution. Needless to say, Iranians have various feelings about the U. S. In fact, while freedom and democracy have been questioned in Iran since the revolution, some Iranians have discovered the merits of American democracy. This influence of democracy had penetrated the public as well as the private sector, because it is known that some Iranian government officials secretly negotiated with the U. S. government in the Iran-Contra incident. Furthermore, Rafsanjani's more realistic government might change its policies against the U. S.; however, it is certain that the Iranian government will follow Khumeini's line for the present. Needless to say, the U. S. learned a great lesson about its relations with the Third World from Iran-a lesson that should be remembered when dealing with these countries in the future.

著者

佐々木 由佳 仲村 永江 長澤 佳恵 宮田 律子 城戸 麻那 井上 睦 馬服 つかさ 田村 恵理 山田 晴彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本視能訓練士協会

雑誌

日本視能訓練士協会誌 (ISSN:03875172)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.129-136, 2017 (Released:2018-03-17)

参考文献数

17

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【目的】単眼の単焦点IOL挿入眼の4.0mから0.32mの各距離での裸眼視力を測定し、IOLの性能の違いから距離別視力に違いが生じるのかを検討した。【対象および方法】2012年10月から2016年8月に当院にて白内障手術を行った症例のうち、遠見裸眼視力0.7以上、屈折値S±1.00D未満、C-1.00D以下、瞳孔径3mm以下の75例97眼(平均年齢73.92歳)の距離別裸眼視力(logMAR)を後ろ向きに比較検討した。距離は、4.0mから0.32mまでの12段階とした。また遠近視力差を算出し、4種類のIOL間で比較した。Bonferroni/Dunn検定(p<0.05)の多重比較検定を用いて統計処理を行った。【結果】術後屈折平均値はS+0.06±0.34D、C-0.53±0.35D、瞳孔径平均は2.33±0.34mmであった。全てのIOLにおいて4.0mから0.8mは比較的良好な視力が得られ、近距離になるにつれ視力は不良となる傾向がみられた。また各IOL間で遠近視力差を比較したところ、有意差は見られなかった。各距離別にlogMAR値を比較すると、4.0mから1.0mの各群間に有意差はなかったが、4.0mから1.0mはいずれの群においても0.8mから0.32mの各群との組み合わせで有意差があった。また0.8mから0.32mのいずれの組み合わせにおいても有意差があった。【結論】遠見に焦点を合わせた単焦点IOLにおける裸眼視力は、4.0mから0.8mでは比較的良好であった。また今回用いた評価方法ではIOL間での差はなかった。

著者

宮田 律

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.102-152, 1988-03-31