著者

山下 太郎

出版者

日本西洋古典学会

雑誌

西洋古典学研究 (ISSN:04479114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.82-91, 1991

---

In Virgil's Georgics, the relation between the end of Book 4 (the Aristaeus story) and the poem as a whole has often been questioned Many scholars have noticed that this story reflects the preceding main themes of the poem the Aristaeus episode reminds us of the theme of labor, while the Orpheus episode tells about the theme of amor and mors But how can we understand the relation between these two episodes? A close analysis of the episodes shows not only how Virgil explains the human condition in the age of Jupiter, but also how he develops the view of Lucretius on civilization, love, and death But here arises another question how can we interpret the fact that the story reflects the significant influence of Homer, with the Orpheus episode at the same time being connected with the Eclogues (esp Eel 6 and 10) ? This fact results in the impression that the story, irrelevant to the preceding didactic part of the poem, is abruptly introduced My answer is that the end of the fourth Georgic may have a hidden function of expressing the poet's career as a primus poet in Rome The Orpheus episode, closely united with the theme of amor and mors in the Eclogues, implies that Virgil has written the Eclogues, while the Aristaeus story as a whole shows Virgil's original point of view on the human condition Further, the impression that the story is closely related to epic poetry suggests Virgil's intention of writing an epic in the future This view is confirmed by another similar example found in the epilogue of Book 2 and the proem of Book 3 First, in 2 475-494, Virgil compares his view of nature and happiness with that of Lucretius, even though the former's view is quite like that of a shepherd in the Eclogues Second, through the description of happy farmers, the epilogue of Book 2 expresses the ideal of the Georgics which reflects the theme of labor in the first half of the poem Third, in the proem of Book 3, Virgil promises to write an epic which will glorify not only Caesar but also Virgil himself In short, this middle part of the poem implies that the poet has already written the Eclogues, and is writing the Georgics now, and will write an epic in the future Just as in this middle part, the end of the fourth Georgic not only reflects the preceding main themes but also, as a kind of sphragis, implies the poet's career as an original poet in Rome

著者

辻村 優志 川方 裕則 福山 英一 山下 太 徐 世慶 溝口 一生 滝沢 茂 平野 史朗

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

---

For inland earthquakes such as the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake (Doi and Kawakata, 2013) and the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake (Doi and Kawakata, 2012), foreshocks were reported to occur in the vicinity of main shock hypocenter. Moreover, for interplate earthquakes such as the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Kato, et al., 2012) and 2014 Iquique earthquake in Chile (Yagi et al., 2014), migration of foreshocks toward the main shock hypocenter was detected in one month before the main shock. In order to understand the generation mechanism of foreshocks, it is important to investigate under what environments foreshocks occur.Since 2012, stick-slip experiments have been carried out using a large-scale biaxial friction apparatus at NIED (e.g., Fukuyama et al., 2014). Based on the experimental result that foreshocks were detected only in the later period of each run, Kawakata et al. (2014) suggested that the foreshocks occur only after the generation of gouge. In this study, we carried out a series of stick-slip experiments with and without pre-existing gouge along a fault plane to confirm if fault gouge affects the foreshock activity. When foreshocks are detected, we estimate the hypocenter locations of foreshocks.We used two rectangular metagabbro blocks to make the simulated fault plane, whose dimension was 1500 mm long and 500 mm wide. The experiments were conducted under normal stress of 1.33 MPa and loading speed of 0.01 mm/s up to approximate slip amount of 8 mm. During each experiment, we continuously measured elastic waves to detect foreshocks. The sensor distribution is shown in the figure below. Gouge materials were prepared naturally during preceding experiments whose sliding speed was as high as 1 mm/s.To roughly detect foreshock activity, we calculated cumulative amplitude of continuous waveform data every 0.01 seconds. During an experiment without pre-existing gouge materials (LB13-004), a few foreshocks were detected. On the other hand, during an experiment with pre-existing gouge materials (LB13-007), much more foreshocks were detected. Then we estimated hypocenters of foreshocks for a stick-slip event (event 44) in LB13-007. Although the initial phases of the main shock were contaminated due to the coda wave signals of preceding foreshocks, the hypocenter of the main shock was roughly estimated near the right end of the fault plane. Foreshocks began to occur in the left half of the fault plane, but most of later foreshocks occurred near the right end.Therefore, we confirmed that foreshock activity was high when gouge materials were present along a fault plane, and found a similar hypocenter migration of foreshocks toward the main shock hypocenter, which was reported for interplate earthquakes.In the future, we shall examine the data obtained from other experiments to confirm if the aforementioned features are common.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by NIED research project “Development of monitoring and forecasting technology for crustal activity” and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23340131.

著者

山下 太郎

出版者

大正大学

雑誌

比較思想研究 (ISSN:02862379)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.27-38, 1977-12

著者

山下 太郎

出版者

京都工芸繊維大学

雑誌

奨励研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1998

---

平成11年度は、ウェルギリウスの作品『アエネーイス』における創作技法を考察する手がかりとして、『国家について』(De Re Publica)等、膨大な作品群を残したマルクス・キケロの思想のこの作品に対する影響関係を取り上げた。『アエネーイス』第一巻の冒頭には、国家(ローマ)建設を主人公の使命として位置づけるモチーフが繰り返し認められる。この使命を、トロイア崩壊とともに全ての希望を失った主人公にたいし、詩人はどのように、あるいは、それがどのようなものであるとして、伝えているのだろうか。この問題は、詩人の言葉で言うところのpietasとは何か、という問題と不可分である。当時のローマ社会独特の社会通念、宗教観、倫理観などの考察を抜きに、この問題を検討することはできない。このとき、とりわけ、「国家の父」と呼ばれ、当時のローマ社会のみならず、後代のヨーロッパ社会に絶大なる思想的影響を与えたキケロの思想を手がかりとして、同時代の桂冠詩人であったウェルギリウスの作品解釈を行うことが有益である。従って、平成11年度は、キケロの作品の中でも、とりわけpietasの概念を中心として扱っている『神々の本性について』(De Natura Deorum)を取り上げ、その作品解釈を綿密に行うことを研究の中心課題とした。

著者

山下 太郎 渡辺 俊行 龍 有二 赤司 泰義 西山 紀光 金 鋒秀

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. D-2, 環境工学II, 熱, 湿気, 温熱感, 自然エネルギー, 気流・換気・排煙, 数値流体, 空気清浄, 暖冷房・空調, 熱源設備, 設備応用 (ISSN:1341450X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, pp.837-838, 1997-07-30