著者
横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 渡邉 和美
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.90.17039, (Released:2019-05-20)
参考文献数
26

The aim of the current study was to examine the repeat residential burglars’ target selection behaviors. The data consisted of variables relating to target selection behaviors and decision making of 104 serial residential burglars, who had arrest records for residential burglaries in the past. The results of multiple correspondence analysis revealed that residential burglars’ target selection behaviors could be differentiated into three styles: “burgling in the absence of residents”, “burgling in the presence of residents while they are sleeping at night”, and “burgling of mixed styles”. Among 14 variables relating to burglars’ decision making while committing crimes, three factors (risk/reward-oriented, traceless entry-oriented, low effort area-oriented) were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The level of burgling skill evaluated by the suspect interviewers positively correlated with a factor score of the “risk/reward-oriented” factor (ρ = .20, p < .05) but negatively correlated with a factor score of the “low effort area-oriented” factor (ρ = –.24, p < .05). These results suggest that repeat residential burglars are rational decision makers, but the way they are rational varies.
著者
大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.1, pp.25-34, 2017 (Released:2017-01-28)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

The present study compared decision tree analysis to logistic regression analysis in order to investigate whether decision tree analysis has sufficient ability to construct a model that predicts offender characteristics from the crime scene and/or victim information. The data used in this study were collected from solved single homicide cases that occurred in Japan between 2004 and 2009 (n=1226). After constructing models that predict offender's criminal history by logistic regression analysis and decision tree analysis, AUC (area under the ROC curve) of those models and the predictive values were compared. The AUC was .75 (p<.001) for logistic regression model and .71 (p<.001) for the decision tree model. A significant difference between these AUCs was not observed (χ2(1)=3.71, p=.05). The predictive values were 67.3% for both the logistic regression model and the decision tree model. These findings suggest that the decision tree is comparable to logistic regression analysis in constructing a model that predicts the offender's criminal history from offence characteristics in single homicide cases.
著者
横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 島田 貴仁
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.1, pp.1-11, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

The aim of the current study was to examine the psychological responses of victims during sexual assault, focusing on tonic immobility (TI). TI is characterized by immobility in situations involving the threat of death or a threat to one’s physical integrity. In the current study, 143 sexual assault victims consented to participate in the survey and completed the questionnaires. An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed that the psychological responses of victims during sexual assaults comprised two factors: TI and fear. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that victims’ fear during the sexual assault increased their TI responses. Furthermore, the high variation of violence, which was influenced by prior relationships between victims and offenders, increased fear and TI responses.
著者
横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 渡邉 和美
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.110-120, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)
参考文献数
22

This study examined how using ground rules influenced recall and suggestibility to leading questions in elderly eyewitnesses. A 2 (age group: younger and older adults)×2 (ground-rule instructions: instructed and control) between-subjects factorial design was used. Participants were older adults (n=61, Age range 65–75 years) and younger adults (n=66, Age range 25–35 years). Participants in the ground-rule instructed group received a pre-interview explanation outlining the conversational ground rules of the interview including explicit permission for participants to say “I don’t know” when appropriate, whereas those in the control group received no such explanation or instructions. Results indicated that older adults correctly recalled fewer items under free recall than younger adults. Suggestibility to leading questions, on the other hand, was significantly higher in younger adults than in older adults. The provision of ground-rule instructions decreased the amount of incorrect recall and suggestibility to leading questions in all age groups. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the provision of ground rules in different age groups.
著者
平間 一樹 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 藤村 光 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子
出版者
日本行動計量学会
雑誌
行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.1-15, 2021 (Released:2021-11-10)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
1

Many studies have indicated that most crimes occur close to an offender's home. However, recent studies demonstrated that substantial Journey-to-crime Distance (JtcD) variation was observed at the inter-offender level. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between a central point calculated from a distribution of crime sites (Center of Minimum Distance: CMD) and each crime site and the crime scene characteristics (students vs. other victims and indoor vs. outdoor settings) could explain the variation in JtcD at the inter- and intra-offender level. The data comprised 222 serial sexual offenders who committed seven or more offenses from 2003 to 2015 in Japan. The analyses of generalized linear mixed modeling showed that the CMD model constructed from the relationship between CMD and each crime site accounted for 47.9% of intra-offender variance in JtcD compared to the random intercept model. Additionally, when crime scene characteristics are included in the CMD model, the model accounted for 35.6% inter-offender variance in JtcD compared to the random intercept model. These findings indicated that the substantial variation in JtcD was explained by the relationship between CMD and each crime site and the crime scene characteristics, but the extent of this influence varied between offenders.
著者
平間 一樹 大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美
出版者
日本犯罪心理学会
雑誌
犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.1-14, 2019-01-30 (Released:2019-02-16)
参考文献数
24

本研究の目的は(1)潜在クラス分析を用いて,犯行前の意思決定行動に基づいて連続強姦事件の犯人を分類すること,(2)類似した犯行様式を表出する犯人は類似した犯人特徴を有するという相同仮説を検証すること,であった。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」,「屋外襲撃型」,「非暴力的接近型」,「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」の4つの類型が見出された。類型と強姦事件の犯人の特徴との間に有意な関連が認められた。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,犯行前の犯行場所の下見や,金品窃取の意図といったような,侵入盗犯に類似した特徴がみられた。「屋外襲撃型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,他の類型と比較して,若年であることや,居住地直近では犯行を行わない傾向が認められた。「非暴力的接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,機会的な対象選択の傾向を有し,他の類型と比較して,より遠くまで移動している傾向にあった。「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」よりも金品窃取の意図を有する傾向は少なかった。本研究の結果は相同仮説を支持するが,強姦事件の犯人の犯行前の意思決定行動と,犯人の特徴との関連の強さは,小から中程度であった。
著者
平間 一樹 大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美
出版者
日本犯罪心理学会
雑誌
犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.1-14, 2019

<p>本研究の目的は(1)潜在クラス分析を用いて,犯行前の意思決定行動に基づいて連続強姦事件の犯人を分類すること,(2)類似した犯行様式を表出する犯人は類似した犯人特徴を有するという相同仮説を検証すること,であった。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」,「屋外襲撃型」,「非暴力的接近型」,「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」の4つの類型が見出された。類型と強姦事件の犯人の特徴との間に有意な関連が認められた。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,犯行前の犯行場所の下見や,金品窃取の意図といったような,侵入盗犯に類似した特徴がみられた。「屋外襲撃型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,他の類型と比較して,若年であることや,居住地直近では犯行を行わない傾向が認められた。「非暴力的接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,機会的な対象選択の傾向を有し,他の類型と比較して,より遠くまで移動している傾向にあった。「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」よりも金品窃取の意図を有する傾向は少なかった。本研究の結果は相同仮説を支持するが,強姦事件の犯人の犯行前の意思決定行動と,犯人の特徴との関連の強さは,小から中程度であった。</p>