著者

横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19-30, 2014 (Released:2014-02-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

Characteristics of male offenders arrested in Japan for exhibitionism (N = 414) and features of their offences were investigated. In analyses, their behavioral consistency was also examined by focusing on 87 repeat exhibitionists. The results indicated that many offenders were well-adjusted persons: 71% were employed, 30% were married, and 23% were graduates. Moreover, 66% of the offences were committed in daytime, and 64% targeted victims aged 10-20 years. In 24% of cases, the distances between offenders' residences and crime scenes were less than one kilometer, whereas 40% of offenders lived over 5 kilometers away. In terms of behavioral consistency, offences in “trains or buses” and public spaces were shown to be consistent for repeated arrests, even after taking the occurrence rate into consideration by measures of adjusted standardized residual (ASR) and forward specialization coefficient (FSC), which is suggestive of behavioral consistency. Finally, less frequent behaviors, such as nighttime offences and offences targeting victims aged 30 years or older occurred less consistently in the series of offences. The results suggested that many exhibitionists rationally decided when and where to commit crimes, based on their calculation of risk and reward. The fact that many offenders were well-adjusted persons might be one of factors explaining offender's rational decision making. The findings in the current study can contribute to the police investigation to prioritize their investigative targets. The current research can form the basis of understanding of the nature of male exhibitionists.

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13086, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

9 3

---

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding “day of the week”) significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.

著者

横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 渡邉 和美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17039, (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

26

---

The aim of the current study was to examine the repeat residential burglars’ target selection behaviors. The data consisted of variables relating to target selection behaviors and decision making of 104 serial residential burglars, who had arrest records for residential burglaries in the past. The results of multiple correspondence analysis revealed that residential burglars’ target selection behaviors could be differentiated into three styles: “burgling in the absence of residents”, “burgling in the presence of residents while they are sleeping at night”, and “burgling of mixed styles”. Among 14 variables relating to burglars’ decision making while committing crimes, three factors (risk/reward-oriented, traceless entry-oriented, low effort area-oriented) were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The level of burgling skill evaluated by the suspect interviewers positively correlated with a factor score of the “risk/reward-oriented” factor (ρ = .20, p < .05) but negatively correlated with a factor score of the “low effort area-oriented” factor (ρ = –.24, p < .05). These results suggest that repeat residential burglars are rational decision makers, but the way they are rational varies.

著者

大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.25-34, 2017 (Released:2017-01-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study compared decision tree analysis to logistic regression analysis in order to investigate whether decision tree analysis has sufficient ability to construct a model that predicts offender characteristics from the crime scene and/or victim information. The data used in this study were collected from solved single homicide cases that occurred in Japan between 2004 and 2009 (n=1226). After constructing models that predict offender's criminal history by logistic regression analysis and decision tree analysis, AUC (area under the ROC curve) of those models and the predictive values were compared. The AUC was .75 (p<.001) for logistic regression model and .71 (p<.001) for the decision tree model. A significant difference between these AUCs was not observed (χ2(1)=3.71, p=.05). The predictive values were 67.3% for both the logistic regression model and the decision tree model. These findings suggest that the decision tree is comparable to logistic regression analysis in constructing a model that predicts the offender's criminal history from offence characteristics in single homicide cases.

著者

大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 小野 修一 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.1-15, 2016-01-31 (Released:2017-03-23)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

---

本研究では,文書を用いた恐喝事件に関する基礎的な知見を提供することを目的として,事件の類型化を行い,各類型と犯人特徴の関係について検討した。分析データとして用いたのは,2004年から2012年の間に全国のいずれかにおいて発生して解決した文書を用いた恐喝事件に関する情報である(N=414)。多重対応分析を行った結果,「匿名性の程度」と「罪悪感利用の程度」の2次元が見出された。次に,多重対応分析によって得られたオブジェクトスコアを基に階層的クラスター分析を行った結果,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用低群」,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用高群」,「匿名性高群」の3類型が見出された。類型と犯人特徴の関連について分析したところ,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用低群」は20代以下の犯人が多く,友人・知人を犯行対象としていること,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用高群」は怨恨・憤まんを動機として,配偶者・恋人や情交関係にあった者を犯行対象にしていること,「匿名性高群」は50代または60代以上の犯人が多く,生活費・借金苦を動機として会社等に対する恐喝を行っていることが示された。

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.209-218, 2015 (Released:2015-08-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7 3

---

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding “day of the week”) significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.

著者

和智 妙子 渡邉 和美 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 Lamb Michael E.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.16002, (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the relationships between the reasons for confessions and interviewing styles by administering a self-reported questionnaire to new male adult prison inmates across Japan. The three factors proposed by Gudjonsson and his colleagues (1991, 1992, 1994, 1999), namely, perception of proof, internal pressure, and external pressure, were investigated. When participants had decided to confess prior to interviews, they were more likely to confess due to perception of proof and internal pressure compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, participants who experienced a relationship-focused interviewing style, which stressed active listening and rapport-building while talking about the criminal incidents directly, were more likely to confess due to internal pressure and less likely to confess due to external pressure.

著者

横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19-30, 2014

---

Characteristics of male offenders arrested in Japan for exhibitionism (<i>N</i> = 414) and features of their offences were investigated. In analyses, their behavioral consistency was also examined by focusing on 87 repeat exhibitionists. The results indicated that many offenders were well-adjusted persons: 71% were employed, 30% were married, and 23% were graduates. Moreover, 66% of the offences were committed in daytime, and 64% targeted victims aged 10-20 years. In 24% of cases, the distances between offenders' residences and crime scenes were less than one kilometer, whereas 40% of offenders lived over 5 kilometers away. In terms of behavioral consistency, offences in "trains or buses" and public spaces were shown to be consistent for repeated arrests, even after taking the occurrence rate into consideration by measures of adjusted standardized residual (ASR) and forward specialization coefficient (FSC), which is suggestive of behavioral consistency. Finally, less frequent behaviors, such as nighttime offences and offences targeting victims aged 30 years or older occurred less consistently in the series of offences. The results suggested that many exhibitionists rationally decided when and where to commit crimes, based on their calculation of risk and reward. The fact that many offenders were well-adjusted persons might be one of factors explaining offender's rational decision making. The findings in the current study can contribute to the police investigation to prioritize their investigative targets. The current research can form the basis of understanding of the nature of male exhibitionists.<br>

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 島田 貴仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.1-11, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

The aim of the current study was to examine the psychological responses of victims during sexual assault, focusing on tonic immobility (TI). TI is characterized by immobility in situations involving the threat of death or a threat to one’s physical integrity. In the current study, 143 sexual assault victims consented to participate in the survey and completed the questionnaires. An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed that the psychological responses of victims during sexual assaults comprised two factors: TI and fear. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that victims’ fear during the sexual assault increased their TI responses. Furthermore, the high variation of violence, which was influenced by prior relationships between victims and offenders, increased fear and TI responses.

著者

横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.110-120, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

22

---

This study examined how using ground rules influenced recall and suggestibility to leading questions in elderly eyewitnesses. A 2 (age group: younger and older adults)×2 (ground-rule instructions: instructed and control) between-subjects factorial design was used. Participants were older adults (n=61, Age range 65–75 years) and younger adults (n=66, Age range 25–35 years). Participants in the ground-rule instructed group received a pre-interview explanation outlining the conversational ground rules of the interview including explicit permission for participants to say “I don’t know” when appropriate, whereas those in the control group received no such explanation or instructions. Results indicated that older adults correctly recalled fewer items under free recall than younger adults. Suggestibility to leading questions, on the other hand, was significantly higher in younger adults than in older adults. The provision of ground-rule instructions decreased the amount of incorrect recall and suggestibility to leading questions in all age groups. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the provision of ground rules in different age groups.

著者

平間 一樹 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 藤村 光 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.1-15, 2021 (Released:2021-11-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

---

Many studies have indicated that most crimes occur close to an offender's home. However, recent studies demonstrated that substantial Journey-to-crime Distance (JtcD) variation was observed at the inter-offender level. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between a central point calculated from a distribution of crime sites (Center of Minimum Distance: CMD) and each crime site and the crime scene characteristics (students vs. other victims and indoor vs. outdoor settings) could explain the variation in JtcD at the inter- and intra-offender level. The data comprised 222 serial sexual offenders who committed seven or more offenses from 2003 to 2015 in Japan. The analyses of generalized linear mixed modeling showed that the CMD model constructed from the relationship between CMD and each crime site accounted for 47.9% of intra-offender variance in JtcD compared to the random intercept model. Additionally, when crime scene characteristics are included in the CMD model, the model accounted for 35.6% inter-offender variance in JtcD compared to the random intercept model. These findings indicated that the substantial variation in JtcD was explained by the relationship between CMD and each crime site and the crime scene characteristics, but the extent of this influence varied between offenders.

著者

平間 一樹 大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.1-14, 2019-01-30 (Released:2019-02-16)

参考文献数

24

---

本研究の目的は(1)潜在クラス分析を用いて,犯行前の意思決定行動に基づいて連続強姦事件の犯人を分類すること,(2)類似した犯行様式を表出する犯人は類似した犯人特徴を有するという相同仮説を検証すること,であった。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」,「屋外襲撃型」,「非暴力的接近型」,「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」の4つの類型が見出された。類型と強姦事件の犯人の特徴との間に有意な関連が認められた。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,犯行前の犯行場所の下見や,金品窃取の意図といったような,侵入盗犯に類似した特徴がみられた。「屋外襲撃型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,他の類型と比較して,若年であることや,居住地直近では犯行を行わない傾向が認められた。「非暴力的接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,機会的な対象選択の傾向を有し,他の類型と比較して,より遠くまで移動している傾向にあった。「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」よりも金品窃取の意図を有する傾向は少なかった。本研究の結果は相同仮説を支持するが,強姦事件の犯人の犯行前の意思決定行動と,犯人の特徴との関連の強さは,小から中程度であった。

著者

平間 一樹 大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.1-14, 2019

著者

平間 一樹 大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.1-14, 2019

---

<p>本研究の目的は(1)潜在クラス分析を用いて,犯行前の意思決定行動に基づいて連続強姦事件の犯人を分類すること,(2)類似した犯行様式を表出する犯人は類似した犯人特徴を有するという相同仮説を検証すること,であった。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」,「屋外襲撃型」,「非暴力的接近型」,「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」の4つの類型が見出された。類型と強姦事件の犯人の特徴との間に有意な関連が認められた。「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,犯行前の犯行場所の下見や,金品窃取の意図といったような,侵入盗犯に類似した特徴がみられた。「屋外襲撃型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,他の類型と比較して,若年であることや,居住地直近では犯行を行わない傾向が認められた。「非暴力的接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,機会的な対象選択の傾向を有し,他の類型と比較して,より遠くまで移動している傾向にあった。「被害者非就寝時侵入接近型」に分類された強姦事件の犯人は,「被害者就寝時侵入接近型」よりも金品窃取の意図を有する傾向は少なかった。本研究の結果は相同仮説を支持するが,強姦事件の犯人の犯行前の意思決定行動と,犯人の特徴との関連の強さは,小から中程度であった。</p>

著者

和智 妙子 渡邉 和美 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 Lamb Michael E.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.6, pp.611-621, 2016 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the relationships between the reasons for confessions and interviewing styles by administering a self-reported questionnaire to new male adult prison inmates across Japan. The three factors proposed by Gudjonsson and his colleagues (1991, 1992, 1994, 1999), namely, perception of proof, internal pressure, and external pressure, were investigated. When participants had decided to confess prior to interviews, they were more likely to confess due to perception of proof and internal pressure compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, participants who experienced a relationship-focused interviewing style, which stressed active listening and rapport-building while talking about the criminal incidents directly, were more likely to confess due to internal pressure and less likely to confess due to external pressure.

著者

大塚 祐輔 毛利 公美 白石 善明 岩田 彰

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. LOIS, ライフインテリジェンスとオフィス情報システム (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.500, pp.1-6, 2015-02-26

---

地域限定クーポンなどのエリア限定コンテンツを受信するノードから構成される無線ネットワークでは,アクセスポイントに直接通信ができないノードはデータを受信することができない.また,同一のデータを取得するときに遠方のサーバにノードが独立にアクセスするとアクセスとトラフィックの重複が発生する.前者はデータの要求と応答の中継をするマルチホップ機能でノードは受信可能となり,後者は重複を削減するキャッシュ機能によりトラフィックを削減できる.本稿では,これら二つの機能を持つ無線マルチホップキャッシュネットワークを検討している.交通シミュレータと連携したシミュレーションによりトラフィックが削減されることを示している.

著者

大塚 祐輔 横田 賀英子 小野 修一 和智 妙子 渡邉 和美

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.1-15, 2016

---

<p>本研究では,文書を用いた恐喝事件に関する基礎的な知見を提供することを目的として,事件の類型化を行い,各類型と犯人特徴の関係について検討した。分析データとして用いたのは,2004年から2012年の間に全国のいずれかにおいて発生して解決した文書を用いた恐喝事件に関する情報である(<i>N</i>=414)。多重対応分析を行った結果,「匿名性の程度」と「罪悪感利用の程度」の2次元が見出された。次に,多重対応分析によって得られたオブジェクトスコアを基に階層的クラスター分析を行った結果,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用低群」,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用高群」,「匿名性高群」の3類型が見出された。類型と犯人特徴の関連について分析したところ,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用低群」は20代以下の犯人が多く,友人・知人を犯行対象としていること,「匿名性低―罪悪感利用高群」は怨恨・憤まんを動機として,配偶者・恋人や情交関係にあった者を犯行対象にしていること,「匿名性高群」は50代または60代以上の犯人が多く,生活費・借金苦を動機として会社等に対する恐喝を行っていることが示された。</p>

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.209-218, 2015

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding "day of the week") significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.