著者

岡部 祐介 友添 秀則 春日 芳美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.129-142, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

2

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Konjo is the willpower necessary to endure suffering, and for making an effort, having become a word in daily use in society, as well as in sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the opportunity and the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo in Japanese society in the 1960s. Our study focused on three points: 1) Clarifying how the meaning of the word konjo changed in the 1960s, from its dictionary definition and usage in newspaper articles. 2) Clarifying the situation in which konjo became popular through the Tokyo Olympic Games, and its spread to the sports community and to society. 3) Considering the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo, and to propose a hypothesis that could account for it.   Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The meaning of konjo evolved from a negative context of “a fundamental character and mindset with which a person is born” to a positive context of “a strong, resilient character that cannot be suppressed” and “a strong motivation to accomplish an aim” at the beginning of the 1960s. 2) Konjo was considered to the spiritual keynote for athletes at the Tokyo Olympic Games. Hirobumi Daimatsu's “konjo theory” had the persuasive reason by winning “Oriental Witches” championship at the Tokyo Olympics. In view of these factors, we considered that konjo was interpreted as a popularized moral virtue by society, and impacted on both education and popular culture. 3) We considered that the concept of konjo became transformed and was used to promote competitiveness in sports at the Tokyo Olympics as part of the strategy for “character building”. It also played a role in bolstering human resources that played a key role in economic development during the 1960s, and thus was of strategic value. The considerations listed above show that the Tokyo Olympic Games played an important role in the transformation of the concept of konjo in the 1960s.

著者

岡部 祐介 友添 秀則 春日 芳美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1203240225, (Released:2012-04-03)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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Konjo is the willpower necessary to endure suffering, and for making an effort, having become a word in daily use in society, as well as in sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the opportunity and the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo in Japanese society in the 1960s. Our study focused on three points: 1) Clarifying how the meaning of the word konjo changed in the 1960s, from its dictionary definition and usage in newspaper articles. 2) Clarifying the situation in which konjo became popular through the Tokyo Olympic Games, and its spread to the sports community and to society. 3) Considering the factors responsible for the transformation of konjo, and to propose a hypothesis that could account for it. Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The meaning of konjo evolved from a negative context of “a fundamental character and mindset with which a person is born” to a positive context of “a strong, resilient character that cannot be suppressed” and “a strong motivation to accomplish an aim” at the beginning of the 1960s. 2) Konjo was considered to the spiritual keynote for athletes at the Tokyo Olympic Games. Hirobumi Daimatsu's “konjo theory” had the persuasive reason by winning “Oriental Witches” championship at the Tokyo Olympics. In view of these factors, we considered that konjo was interpreted as a popularized moral virtue by society, and impacted on both education and popular culture. 3) We considered that the concept of konjo became transformed and was used to promote competitiveness in sports at the Tokyo Olympics as part of the strategy for “character building”. It also played a role in bolstering human resources that played a key role in economic development during the 1960s, and thus was of strategic value. The considerations listed above show that the Tokyo Olympic Games played an important role in the transformation of the concept of konjo in the 1960s.

著者

春日 芳美 友添 秀則

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.177-189, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study was conduct to understand how women's physical education was promoted during the development of Japan, focusing especially on the Taisho era (1912-1926). First, I reviewed critical opinions about physical education for women prevalent during this period, in order to reveal details of difficulties in promoting it. Secondly, through collection of relevant documents, I examined the measures for promotion of women's physical education that had been discussed during this period. Thirdly, I reviewed the criticism of these promotion measures, in order to reveal the tendencies and problems prevalent at the time.   On the basis of these reviews, I consider that the main reasons why the promotion of women's physical education was not successful in the Taisho era were: 1) women's physical education was not consistent with the traditional social norm of the time, 2) theoretical studies of physical education had not yet been developed, and 3) people at that timetended to regard ‘unhealthy-looking’ women as beautiful (for example in the works of Takehisa Yumeji). Since it was difficult to solve these problems, some advocates tried to promote women's physical education by emphasizing the beneficial effects of gymnastics rather than conducting theoretical studies. This was promoted by proactively creating a new concept of women's physical education such as appreciation for ‘health and beauty’. The measures for promotion of physical education for women in the Taisho era placed emphasis on advertising physical education more effectively rather than improving it qualitatively. The promotion of women's physical education in this manner was criticized by other advocates of physical education, and I consider that this was one reason why the quality of women's physical education remained low.

著者

春日 芳美

出版者

大東文化大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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本研究の目的は、第二次世界大戦以前の日本における女子体育に着目し、これまでの研究で語られてきた「女子体育関連イメージ」の見直しを図ることである。研究の結果、(1)女子体育と「おてんば」という言葉の関連、(2)女性体操教員と女性スポーツ選手をめぐる言説とイメージの違い、(3)女子体育指導者間の人間関係と体操の系譜、(4)第二次世界大戦以前の日本とヨーロッパにおける女子体育の共通点、が明らかになった。

著者

岡部 祐介 友添 秀則 春日 芳美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.129-142, 2012

被引用文献数

2

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<i>Konjo</i> is the willpower necessary to endure suffering, and for making an effort, having become a word in daily use in society, as well as in sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the opportunity and the factors responsible for the transformation of <i>konjo</i> in Japanese society in the 1960s. Our study focused on three points: 1) Clarifying how the meaning of the word <i>konjo</i> changed in the 1960s, from its dictionary definition and usage in newspaper articles. 2) Clarifying the situation in which <i>konjo</i> became popular through the Tokyo Olympic Games, and its spread to the sports community and to society. 3) Considering the factors responsible for the transformation of <i>konjo</i>, and to propose a hypothesis that could account for it.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The meaning of <i>konjo</i> evolved from a negative context of &ldquo;a fundamental character and mindset with which a person is born&rdquo; to a positive context of &ldquo;a strong, resilient character that cannot be suppressed&rdquo; and &ldquo;a strong motivation to accomplish an aim&rdquo; at the beginning of the 1960s. 2) <i>Konjo</i> was considered to the spiritual keynote for athletes at the Tokyo Olympic Games. Hirobumi Daimatsu's &ldquo;<i>konjo</i> theory&rdquo; had the persuasive reason by winning &ldquo;Oriental Witches&rdquo; championship at the Tokyo Olympics. In view of these factors, we considered that <i>konjo</i> was interpreted as a popularized moral virtue by society, and impacted on both education and popular culture. 3) We considered that the concept of <i>konjo</i> became transformed and was used to promote competitiveness in sports at the Tokyo Olympics as part of the strategy for &ldquo;character building&rdquo;. It also played a role in bolstering human resources that played a key role in economic development during the 1960s, and thus was of strategic value. The considerations listed above show that the Tokyo Olympic Games played an important role in the transformation of the concept of <i>konjo</i> in the 1960s.<br>