著者
杉本 舞
出版者
京都大学文学部科学哲学科学史研究室
雑誌
科学哲学科学史研究 (ISSN:18839177)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.17-28, 2008-01-31

Norbert Wiener suggested the interdisciplinary collaboration that was later called cybernetics. Throughout the several meetings he arranged from 1942 to 1945, Wiener gradually changed his views regarding what the key concept of cybernetics should be. In 1943, Wiener emphasized the negative feedback, drawing an analogy between a machine and a human brain. Then, during 1944, the interaction with his collaborator John von Neumann, who built a high-speed computer, led Wiener to focus on control mechanisms. Finally, at the meeting in 1945, Wiener proposed the concept of communication as a common subject of this interdisciplinary research, aiming to connect control engineering with computer engineering.
著者
杉本 舞
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.243, pp.145-154, 2007 (Released:2021-08-09)

C. E. Shannon formalized the concept of "the amount of information " and presented its formula H=-Σ^n_<i=1> p_i log p_i in 1940s, mainly in his paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication ". His way of study had two progressive characteristics. Firstly, Shannon applied probability theory into his measure of information, which is more mathematically abstract and fruitful than those formalized by his precedent engineers, H.Nyquist and R.V.L.Hartley. By Shannon's expression it has been possible to measure "redundancy " and even "equivocation " which is the amount of lost information on the channel by using Bayesian probability. Secondly, Shannon regarded the discrete channel as the fundamental case and the continuous channel as its application, in spite of the fact that a continuous type was usually dealt as a basis at that time. In this point, his study of the cryptography affected his communication theory. In 1940s Shannon conducted researches on the communication theory as well as the cryptography simultaneously. Indeed "A Mathematical Theory of Communication " (1948) and his unpublished paper "The Mathematical Theory of Cryptography " (1945) have a lot of similar descriptions about the amount of information. Namely, Shannon's concept of information was influenced by both the preceding results on the communication theory and his own research on the cryptography. Boltzman's H formula seems to bear a close resemblance to Shannon's one, but any descriptions showing some direct relations between them have not been found.
著者
杉本 舞 柴台 弘毅 三浦 文夫
雑誌
研究報告人文科学とコンピュータ(CH)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2014-CH-104, no.6, pp.1-5, 2014-10-11

本稿では,筆者らが現在構築を進めている日本のポピュラー音楽のデジタルアーカイブについて,その概要と課題について述べる.本アーカイブプロジェクトは,メディアや音楽関連団体などの協力を得て,日本のポピュラー音楽が独自的展開を見せ始める 1960 年代以降に焦点を当て,当時の音源に加え,ライブ記録や音楽クリップといった映像をデジタル化して保存するというものである.関連する雑誌や宣伝素材といった文書および画像,関係者へのインタビュー記録も対象とする.元の音源と映像の保存形態は時代に応じて多様であり,再生装置の確保が困難になりつつあるものもある.こういった資料をデジタル化するに当たっては,どのようなデータ形式を選ぶか,音質や画像の品質をどのように設定するべきか,さらに用途に応じて容易に検索可能とするためのメタデータ体系をどのように構築するかは慎重に検討せねばならない.また将来の活用を見据え,著作権・著作隣接権について解決すべき課題も多い.本稿では,このような諸課題に対する試みの現状を報告する.
著者
杉本 舞
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.243, pp.145-154, 2007-09-26

C. E. Shannon formalized the concept of "the amount of information" and presented its formula H=-&Sigma;^n_<i=1> p_i log p_i in 1940s, mainly in his paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". His way of study had two progressive characteristics. Firstly, Shannon applied probability theory into his measure of information, which is more mathematically abstract and fruitful than those formalized by his precedent engineers, H.Nyquist and R.V.L.Hartley. By Shannon's expression it has been possible to measure "redundancy" and even "equivocation" which is the amount of lost information on the channel by using Bayesian probability. Secondly, Shannon regarded the discrete channel as the fundamental case and the continuous channel as its application, in spite of the fact that a continuous type was usually dealt as a basis at that time. In this point, his study of the cryptography affected his communication theory. In 1940s Shannon conducted researches on the communication theory as well as the cryptography simultaneously. Indeed "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" (1948) and his unpublished paper "The Mathematical Theory of Cryptography" (1945) have a lot of similar descriptions about the amount of information. Namely, Shannon's concept of information was influenced by both the preceding results on the communication theory and his own research on the cryptography. Boltzman's H formula seems to bear a close resemblance to Shannon's one, but any descriptions showing some direct relations between them have not been found.