著者

東京都立大学大学院人文科学研究科国文学専攻近代文学ゼミ [編集]

出版者

東京都立大学大学院人文科学研究科国文学専攻近代文学ゼミ

巻号頁・発行日

0000

著者

岡本 依子 菅野 幸恵 東海林 麗香 亀井 美弥子 八木下 暁子 高橋 千枝 青木 弥生 川田 学 石川 あゆち 根ヶ山 光一 Yoriko Okamoto Sachie Sugano Reika Shouji Miyako Kamei Akiko Yagishita Chie Takahashi Yayoi Aoki Manabu Kawata Ayuchi Ishikawa Koichi Negayama 湘北短期大学保育学科 青山女子短期大学児童教育学科 東京都立大学大学院 東京都立大学大学院 神戸大学大学院 青森中央短期大学保育学科(現 鳥取大学) 松山東雲短期大学保育科 香川大学教育学部 愛知県知多児童相談センター 早稲田大学人間科学学術院

出版者

湘北短期大学・紀要委員会

雑誌

湘北紀要 (ISSN:03859096)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.29-41, 2008

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妊婦が胎動をどのような感覚としてとらえているか。本研究では,胎動そのものの変化に対して,妊婦がどのような感受性を示すかを検討する。妊婦の胎動への感受性の指標として,妊娠中に記録された胎動日記において,胎動を表現するために用いられたオノマトペに着目した。妊婦38 名から得られた胎動日記1032 を分析した結果,妊娠期には,実にさまざまなオノマトペが用いられていることがわかった。オノマトペに用いる音が豊富であり,語基の変形だけでなく,臨時のオノマトペの使用も認められた。また,胎動を表すオノマトペと胎児への意味づけとの関連について週齢変化を検討した結果,3 つの時期に整理することができた。第一期(~ 28 週)は胎動のオノマトペが多様性を帯び,第三期(35 ~ 40 週)に向けて,オノマトペの多様性より,胎児への意味づけの多様性が増すように変化することを見いだした。最後に,母子の身体接触としての胎動という観点から考察した。

著者

佐々木 洋成 Yosei SASAKI 東京都立大学大学院 Tokyo Metropolitan University

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.303-320, 2006-05-31

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This paper examines trends in regional gaps in higher educational opportunities after the High Growth Period and the effects of structural factors. In the 1970s, educational policies were put in place with the aim to promote equal opportunity. Currently, regional gaps in higher educational opportunity are increasing. The purpose of this paper is to provide basic findings and knowledge on present conditions to contribute to the debate on educational opportunities. As an index of educational opportunity, we use capacity and college and university entrance rates. The findings are as follows: (1) in the 1975-1990 period, under the educational policy that aimed to spread education, gaps decreased in both indices of educational opportunity; (2) however, this decrease was the result of shrinking gaps in the three large metropolises of Tokyo Nagoya and Osaka, and educational opportunities were not necessarily expanding in the regions with the least educational opportunities; (3) after 1990, regional gaps began to increase again, due to rises in the three metropolises; (4) today, there are noticeable gaps not only among males but also among females by region; (5) the effects of socioeconomic conditions and school conditions on educational opportunities are increasing year by year. Today's regional inequalities are nearly equal to those in the 1970s when the educational policies were adopted, there is a possibility that equality of opportunities for education may become a political issue.

著者

石川 良子 Ryoko ISHIKAWA 東京都立大学大学院 Graduate School of Social Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.25-46, 2006-12-10

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The purpose of this paper is to describe and interpret interviews with persons who regard themselves as "hikikomori," and to point out the negative effects, especially for such individuals, caused by the confusion of the concepts of "hikikomori" with "NEETs." "Hikikomori," which refers to youth in a state of social withdrawal, has been noted since the latter half of the 1990s in Japan. In recent years, the concept of "NEETs" has also come to attract attention. "NEETs" refers to young people who are "not in education, employment, or training." The concept of "hikikomori" has been partly incorporated into discussions about "NEETs," and it is commonly said that the two can be discussed in the same context. Moreover, some organizations dealing with "hikikomori" have started to support "NEETs." However the understanding of "hikikomori" that has accumulated may be distorted by the confusion between the two concepts. Moreover, this confusion has a direct effect on individuals who consider themselves to be "hikikomori." Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the two concepts. Based on this perspective, the author describes and interprets interviews with such individuals, and points out the problems of providing support for "hikikomori" sufferers within the concept of "NEETs." The interviewed revealed the following facts. People who consider themselves to be "hikikomori" see themselves as inferior and withdraw from relationships with others because though they have difficulty working, they worry excessively that "working is the natural state for an adult." Their self-esteem cannot be restored immediately even if they participate in a self-help group. Informants re-construct stories about themselves and their lives and come to see the norm of life-courses in relative terms, and regain self-esteem from this. However, this can lead to a decline in their motivation to start working. Moreover, informants cannot overcome their distrust and fear of society. Therefore, sufferers of "hikikomori" seek a new way of life as they again ask themselves various questions, such as, "why must we work?" "What do I want to do?" "Who am I?" and so on. As they think through these questions, they resolve to make a fresh start. This process of struggle is in essence the process of recovery from "hikikomori." Current measures for "NEETs," are based on the idea that it is more important to start working than to think too much about the meaning of working. However, individuals suffering from "hikikomori" have regained their self-esteem by asking the various questions concerning working and their own lives. Therefore, it is likely that the confusion of the two concepts will not only deprive people suffering from "hikikomori" of the opportunity for recovery but will also lead them to abandon their own efforts voluntarily.