著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.110, pp.1-22,L5, 1995-10-21 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

23

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The rights of foreigners, including their right to vote in local elections, are expanding in the European Union as the integration of Europe not only allows people to freely travel across the borders in the region but also has brought about the new legal concept of European citizenship.Western Europe, however, has experienced an inflow and settlement of Asian and African immigrants and faces a serious problem concerning their social, economic and political rights. The purpose of this article is to explain the current status of the right of foreigners to vote in local elections in Western Europe and to generalize over the issue by comparing Western European countries with each other.The current status of suffrage of foreigners in local elections in Western Europe will be briefly discussed. The countries which have granted foreigners the right to vote in local elections include Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands. The remains of colonialism can be seen in the United Kingdom's approach to the issue, because the country has vested citizenship and suffrage to people from the Commonwealth of Nations. Ireland has also granted foreigners the right to vote, while the country decides whether it grants foreigners suffrage based on the historical relations between the United Kingdom and the countries the foreigners are from. The suffrage of foreigners has not yet been granted in France and Germany which have attracted many foreign workers, of whom Asian and African immigrants and Muslims account for a large percentage, although the issue has aroused much controversy in the two countries. These examples clearly indicate that the situations surrounding each country affect its approach to the issue of the right of foreigners to vote in a subtle way.We will next examine a group of factors which enable countries to grant foreigners the right to vote and a group of factors which prevent them from doing so. The former group of factors includes the history of granting foreigners suffrage in a certain region, such as North Europe, a close relation between the former colonies and suzerains, the diplomatic policy of the country concerned (e. g. Sweden), free trade and the openness of the country. The latter group includes the ideology of a strong nation state (e. g. France), strong nationality (e. g. Germany), the ratio of foreigners to total population, a large cultural and religious distance between society which foreigners come from and society which accepts them (e. g. France and Germany) and the existence of a strong anti-foreigner movement.Next, the logic behind granting the suffrage to foreigners and the logic against it will be discussed, and based on this discussion, the reasons why some countries have granted foreigners the right to vote and why others have not will be examined. The experiences in Western Europe could offer many suggestions to Japan which is facing the problem of whether to grant foreigners the right to vote in local elections. The problem of the suffrage of foreigners tends to be discussed at the level of norms, and there is little discussion on the matter from a positive point of view, such as how foreigners will be granted the right to vote and how heavy their turnout will be. Japan will be able to learn many things from experiences of Western Europe concerning this problem.

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

筑波社会学会

雑誌

年報筑波社会学 (ISSN:09163336)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.5-13, 2004-12

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

The Japan Sociological Society

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.70-87, 1981-12-31 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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多くの近代化論者たちは、業績主義が現実化してゆくにつれて属性主義は次第に消滅するか、たかだか例外的な形で残存するにすぎないと考えた。しかし、業績主義が社会の主要な配分原理となりほとんどのメンバーが業績主義者と化した現在、純粋な意味での業績主義はむしろ例外的な存在であり、かえって属性主義に起因する社会問題群が新たに生み出されてきたという事実に気づく。一方ではアチーヴド・アスクリプション (業績主義の属性化) が、他方ではアスクライブド・アチーヴメント (属性に支えられた業績主義) が発生している。本稿では、業績主義・属性主義についてのリントンの定義およびパーソンズの定義の問に存在する微妙なズレに固執することによって、上記の二つの問題領域を社会学的にクローズアップさせ、あわせて両領域に属する問題群の整理とそれへの対策の検討を試みる。

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

no.110, pp.1-22,L5, 1995

---

The rights of foreigners, including their right to vote in local elections, are expanding in the European Union as the integration of Europe not only allows people to freely travel across the borders in the region but also has brought about the new legal concept of European citizenship.<br>Western Europe, however, has experienced an inflow and settlement of Asian and African immigrants and faces a serious problem concerning their social, economic and political rights. The purpose of this article is to explain the current status of the right of foreigners to vote in local elections in Western Europe and to generalize over the issue by comparing Western European countries with each other.<br>The current status of suffrage of foreigners in local elections in Western Europe will be briefly discussed. The countries which have granted foreigners the right to vote in local elections include Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands. The remains of colonialism can be seen in the United Kingdom's approach to the issue, because the country has vested citizenship and suffrage to people from the Commonwealth of Nations. Ireland has also granted foreigners the right to vote, while the country decides whether it grants foreigners suffrage based on the historical relations between the United Kingdom and the countries the foreigners are from. The suffrage of foreigners has not yet been granted in France and Germany which have attracted many foreign workers, of whom Asian and African immigrants and Muslims account for a large percentage, although the issue has aroused much controversy in the two countries. These examples clearly indicate that the situations surrounding each country affect its approach to the issue of the right of foreigners to vote in a subtle way.<br>We will next examine a group of factors which enable countries to grant foreigners the right to vote and a group of factors which prevent them from doing so. The former group of factors includes the history of granting foreigners suffrage in a certain region, such as North Europe, a close relation between the former colonies and suzerains, the diplomatic policy of the country concerned (e. g. Sweden), free trade and the openness of the country. The latter group includes the ideology of a strong nation state (e. g. France), strong nationality (e. g. Germany), the ratio of foreigners to total population, a large cultural and religious distance between society which foreigners come from and society which accepts them (e. g. France and Germany) and the existence of a strong anti-foreigner movement.<br>Next, the logic behind granting the suffrage to foreigners and the logic against it will be discussed, and based on this discussion, the reasons why some countries have granted foreigners the right to vote and why others have not will be examined. The experiences in Western Europe could offer many suggestions to Japan which is facing the problem of whether to grant foreigners the right to vote in local elections. The problem of the suffrage of foreigners tends to be discussed at the level of norms, and there is little discussion on the matter from a positive point of view, such as how foreigners will be granted the right to vote and how heavy their turnout will be. Japan will be able to learn many things from experiences of Western Europe concerning this problem.

著者

梶田 孝道 野口 裕二

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.318-321, 2004-03-31 (Released:2010-04-23)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, pp.6-28, 1997-10-30 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

14

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.70-87, 1981

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多くの近代化論者たちは、業績主義が現実化してゆくにつれて属性主義は次第に消滅するか、たかだか例外的な形で残存するにすぎないと考えた。しかし、業績主義が社会の主要な配分原理となりほとんどのメンバーが業績主義者と化した現在、純粋な意味での業績主義はむしろ例外的な存在であり、かえって属性主義に起因する社会問題群が新たに生み出されてきたという事実に気づく。一方ではアチーヴド・アスクリプション (業績主義の属性化) が、他方ではアスクライブド・アチーヴメント (属性に支えられた業績主義) が発生している。本稿では、業績主義・属性主義についてのリントンの定義およびパーソンズの定義の問に存在する微妙なズレに固執することによって、上記の二つの問題領域を社会学的にクローズアップさせ、あわせて両領域に属する問題群の整理とそれへの対策の検討を試みる。

著者

梶田 孝道

出版者

関西社会学会

雑誌

フォーラム現代社会学 (ISSN:13474057)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.68-77, 2003

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この数十年に及ぶ日本の「外国人問題」の変容は、「国際化」から「グローバル化」への動きであり、また「国際化」についていえば、いわば友好としての「国際化I」から「内なる国際化」を意味する「国際化II」への動きであった。日本の外国人も、在日韓国・朝鮮人や在日中国人に代表される「オールドカマー」から各種の「ニューカマー」へと多様化した。そこでの第一の着眼点は、外国人というと「3K労働」も厭わない労働者というイメージが強いが、外国人労働者就労は単純労働の分野に限られず、日本企業の多国籍化や国際進出に伴う部著にも広がっている。また、卒業後に日本企業に就職する留学生も増加した。彼らのなかには新中間層に属する人も多く、従来の外国人労働者のイメージでは捉えきれない。第二に、これまでの「オールドカマー」に見られるように、日本社会への定住化がほぼ前提とされ、その上で同化や帰化の是非、あるいは民族文化を保持したままでの定性化の是非が議論されてきたが、南米社会と日本を行き来する南米日系人リピーターに代表されるようなトランスナショナルな存在が目立ってきた。こうした二つの多様化は世界各国で見られる現象であり、このような現実の変化に対応して、分析上のパラダイムの方も、当該社会への同化や統合の是非を問題とする「統合パラダイム」に加えて、国境を越えた複数の社会関係のなかで生きる人々を捉える「トランスナショナル・パラダイム」を併用することが必要となってきている。