- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 日本社会学会 ; 1950-
- 雑誌
- 社会学評論 = Japanese sociological review (ISSN:00215414)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.71, no.2, pp.331-342, 2020
- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 日本社会学会
- 雑誌
- 社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.71, no.2, pp.331-342, 2020 (Released:2021-09-30)
- 参考文献数
- 52
2 0 0 0 フランスにおける「イスラームフォビア」の新展開とその争点
- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 日本中東学会
- 雑誌
- 日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.20, pp.323-351, 2005-03-31
The <<fear of Islam>> is not a new subject in France : this country's geographic location, in permanent contact with the Arab Islamic world, always brought complex relations, both close and strained, with the Islamic world. A combination of different reasons has led to the present situation : ancient history (France is a catholic nation, particularly active during the Crusade), recent history (the Iranian revolution, increasing number of <<fundamentalist's terrorist acts>> in Algeria, the September 11 attacks...), and France's sociological situation itself (with an important Muslim community). However, since several years, a sort of mutation has been taking place in Islam's representation, while the number of anti-Muslim acts is on the rise. What does this mutation consist of? What is exactly the <<new anti-Muslim phenomenon>> in French society? To answer these questions, we analyze the new anti-Islam discourses and focus on its promoters, in order to grasp the crucial issues and the underlying ideas of this phenomenon in French socio-political context. First of all, this paper will outline some of the principal characteristics of Islamophobia in France, especially the relations between ultranationalist xenophobia and current Islamophobia. Then, new forms of critical discourses towards Islam are to be studied and their relations with new Islamophobia's logics. The objective of this paper is to analyze if the latest outbreak of anti-Islamic attacks is only a variation of <<traditional>> anti-Arab racism, or if current Islamophobia presents, on the contrary, some new peculiarities, partly or entirely distinct from traditional xenophobia. Our analysis will clarify two points : first, ultranationalist racist ideology plays a nonnegligible part in the contemporary Islamophobia. This point of view, systematically amalgamating <<terrorists>>, <<fundamentalists>>, <<Muslims>> and <<immigrants>>, consists in considering the Islam as a <<potential threat>> to the French nation and, on the basis of an essentialist ideology, in excluding Islam from the phantasmagoric fabrication of a so-called <<French identity>>. Secondly, the present-day Islamophobia is nevertheless clearly irreducible to the ultranationalist anti-Arab racism : <<criticism of Islamic fundamentalists>> by several actors (experts of <<New anti-Semitism by Muslims>>, defenders of <<universal values>> or even <<Moderate Muslims>>), also exercises sometimes-in its own ways- some vicious influences on the reinforcement of anti-Muslim stereotypes, potentially leading to some latent legitimatization of its overstepped forms.
- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 関東社会学会
- 雑誌
- 年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2019, no.32, pp.34-43, 2019-08-23 (Released:2020-08-08)
- 参考文献数
- 21
This article aims to analyze the transformation of what may be termed the politics of framing the concept of the “migrant-refugee.” The present paper examines the manner in which migrants and refugees are classified by the French administration and perceived by French society in the midst of the European “migrant-refugee crisis.” Three observations are made: (1) the differentiation between legitimate “refugees” and illegal “migrants”; (2) the justification of the exclusion of the latter in the name of guaranteeing protection for the former; and (3) the reconfiguration of the hierarchy of categories in the asylum system. These observations allow us to note several arguments contending that priority must be accorded to the individual rather than to the group and that these are favors granted rather than rights claimed; further, such logic fragments and places individuals in similar situations within a hierarchy. The combination of the aforementioned aspects poses a major challenge to the building of a collaborative and cohesive solidarity movement.
- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 日本社会学理論学会
- 雑誌
- 現代社会学理論研究 (ISSN:18817467)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, pp.19-30, 2020 (Released:2021-08-25)
本稿は「ポスト多文化主義時代」のフランスにおいてマイノリティをめぐる状況にどのような変化が生じているのかを考察した。これまで多文化主義は、「共和主義」を国是とするフランスには馴染まない、あるいは反発を引き起こす、という観点から捉えられてきたが、実際には新たな動きも観察されている。「セクシュアル・デモクラシー」に見られるような新たな排除の論理が広がる一方で、反差別運動の内部から差別被害者だけのセーフ・スペースを求める「ノン・ミクシテ」という実践が展開されるようになった。それはマイノリティの権利擁護の運動に新たな地平を切り開くと同時に、従来のフランス型共和主義の発想と対立するものであることから、激しい批判や攻撃を引き起こしている。さらに「ノン・ミクシテ」運動やムスリム女性のスカーフ着用をめぐる「選択」の問題には、少数者が団結して抵抗するというコングリゲーションの論理と、社会が少数者ごとに隔離されていくというセグリゲーションの論理という、解釈をめぐる対立が浮かび上がっている。
1 0 0 0 OA フランスにおける「イスラームフォビア」の新展開とその争点
- 著者
- 森 千香子
- 出版者
- 日本中東学会
- 雑誌
- 日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.20, no.2, pp.323-351, 2005-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)
The <<fear of Islam>> is not a new subject in France : this country's geographic location, in permanent contact with the Arab Islamic world, always brought complex relations, both close and strained, with the Islamic world. A combination of different reasons has led to the present situation : ancient history (France is a catholic nation, particularly active during the Crusade), recent history (the Iranian revolution, increasing number of <<fundamentalist's terrorist acts>> in Algeria, the September 11 attacks...), and France's sociological situation itself (with an important Muslim community). However, since several years, a sort of mutation has been taking place in Islam's representation, while the number of anti-Muslim acts is on the rise. What does this mutation consist of? What is exactly the <<new anti-Muslim phenomenon>> in French society? To answer these questions, we analyze the new anti-Islam discourses and focus on its promoters, in order to grasp the crucial issues and the underlying ideas of this phenomenon in French socio-political context. First of all, this paper will outline some of the principal characteristics of Islamophobia in France, especially the relations between ultranationalist xenophobia and current Islamophobia. Then, new forms of critical discourses towards Islam are to be studied and their relations with new Islamophobia's logics. The objective of this paper is to analyze if the latest outbreak of anti-Islamic attacks is only a variation of <<traditional>> anti-Arab racism, or if current Islamophobia presents, on the contrary, some new peculiarities, partly or entirely distinct from traditional xenophobia. Our analysis will clarify two points : first, ultranationalist racist ideology plays a nonnegligible part in the contemporary Islamophobia. This point of view, systematically amalgamating <<terrorists>>, <<fundamentalists>>, <<Muslims>> and <<immigrants>>, consists in considering the Islam as a <<potential threat>> to the French nation and, on the basis of an essentialist ideology, in excluding Islam from the phantasmagoric fabrication of a so-called <<French identity>>. Secondly, the present-day Islamophobia is nevertheless clearly irreducible to the ultranationalist anti-Arab racism : <<criticism of Islamic fundamentalists>> by several actors (experts of <<New anti-Semitism by Muslims>>, defenders of <<universal values>> or even <<Moderate Muslims>>), also exercises sometimes-in its own ways- some vicious influences on the reinforcement of anti-Muslim stereotypes, potentially leading to some latent legitimatization of its overstepped forms.