著者

田中 眞吾 沖村 孝 田中 茂

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.262-281, 1983-04-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 4

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神戸市中心部の自然的背景は,1,000m近い起伏をもつ山地が直接,海にのぞみ,低平地を欠くといううらみがあった.第2次大戦後の都市発展のための低平地の確保は,このような自然的背景から,市街地の後背山地の開発と,その土砂による前面の海面の埋立てという2面において行なわれた.すなわち,その両面において大規模地形改変が進行した. 背山における大規模地形改変と土砂採取は, 1960年代より急増し,地域的には市街地に近接した六甲山地南麓から次第に西方の丘陵地・六甲山西部山頂地区を経て,より遠隔地へと移動し,開発規模も大型化した.また,これらの開発の事業主体は,主として公共企業体によっているという特色をもっている.このようにして,すでにポートアイランドを代表とする10km2の低平地が得られ,港湾・公共・工業なちびに住宅の各用途に向けられている. これらの事業は,しばしばの大災害属歴をもつ六甲山地や,既成の大人口密集地や伝統産業地区(たとえば灘の酒造地区)などとの深いかかわりあいをもつゆえに,すでに1950年代後半の時期から,環境アセスメント的配慮がなされ,防災・環境保全・景観保全などの諸点から,土取りや土砂輸送などの具体面において,数多くのユニークな方式がとられてきた.これらは,今後の大規模地形改変に際して,種々の示唆を提示しているものと思われる.

著者

沖村 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 砂防学会

雑誌

砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.51-58, 2010-11-15 (Released:2014-11-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

著者

沖村 孝

出版者

水文・水資源学会

雑誌

水文・水資源学会誌 (ISSN:09151389)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.1-4, 2016-01-05 (Released:2016-04-15)

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In Japan, debris disasters often took place caused by intense rainfall that intensity is more than 70~80 mm/hr. Other characteristics of these intense rainfalls are as follows; 1) affected areas was small within limited areas, and 2) continued period was very short such as 1~5 hours. From 2010 to 2015 years, many debris flows took place by these intense rainfalls and many lives were killed by these debris flows. In order to save human lives from these debris disasters, evacuation is very important in addition to construct check dams. Such evacuation may be achieved by the risk information about for hazardous site and time. For the purpose to mitigate debris disasters, three wears, hard (to construct disaster prevention structures), soft (to delineate hazard area and to push risk information) and human (to participate in evacuation training and to evacuate), are pointed as important measures.

著者

沖村 孝

出版者

公益社団法人地盤工学会

雑誌

土と基礎 (ISSN:00413798)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.1-4, 2007-06-01

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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Many debris disasters took place in Japan every year, caused by heavy rainfalls. The present situation and some problems of research and management for this kind of disaster are discussed. Topics pointed in this paper are as follows: 1) Failure's site prediction models must be constructed from the stand point of physical consideration with detailed boundary condition obtained by the field investigation, 2) The real time prediction model must be proposed by using the data obtained by various monitoring measurements, 3) Failure prevention works must be constructed by considering the life cycle coast, and 4) Some kind of management must be proposed to decrease or to mitigate the debris disasters, during the time of heavy rainfall, by the refuge system from potential dangerous area and by the traffic control system from potential dangerous road.

著者

沖村 孝 杉本 剛康

出版者

日本自然災害学会

雑誌

自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.297-313, 1995-01-31

被引用文献数

1

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A method for estimating the probab1e damage caused by heavy rainfall is proposed that considers the occurrence rate of disasters caused by natural phenomena and the distribution of things that must be protected. Flood and mountain slope failures are regarded as natural phenomena in our study, and the population density is seen as a thing to be protected. This method was applied to the base of the mountain area along the Sumiyoshi River in Kobe City which had experienced flooding and mountain slope failures in 1938 and 1967. The results obtained for the occurrence rates of natura1 phenomena reflect the effects of the counter-measures taken after 1938,as well as urban development that has spread along the base of the Rokko Mountains.