1 0 0 0 OA 第5回耳鼻咽喉科領域感染症臨床分離菌全国サーベイランス結果報告
- 著者
- 鈴木 賢二 黒野 祐一 池田 勝久 渡辺 彰 花木 秀明
- 出版者
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科感染症・エアロゾル学会
- 雑誌
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科感染症・エアロゾル学会会誌 (ISSN:21880077)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.3, no.1, pp.5-19, 2015-01-20 (Released:2020-10-27)
- 参考文献数
- 18
With the cooperation of the otorhinolaryngological departments at 29 universities in Japan, as well as their 26 affiliated hospitals and practitioners, we conducted the fifth national survey (The first survey conducted by The Japanese surveillance committee, consisting of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Disease, and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology) to investigate the trends of bacterial isolates and bacterial sensitivity in otorhinolaryngological major infections.The subjects comprised patients with acute purulent otitis media (185 cases), chronic otitis media (119 cases), acute sinusitis (128 cases), chronic sinusitis (92 cases), acute tonsillitis (116 cases), and peritonsillar abscess (89 cases) who presented to the medical institutions participating in the survey from January 2011 to June 2012. Using specimens obtained from the patients, bacteria were identified by culture and drug sensitivity was measured.S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were mainly isolated from patients with acute purulent otitis media and acute sinusitis, and frequency of isolation of S. aureus was decreasing in the recent surveys. Streptococcus spp. (including S. pyogenes) was mainly isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis. Anaerobes (Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp. and Fusobacterium spp. etc.) were mainly isolated from patients with peritonsillar abscess, and frequencies of isolation of anaerobes in the recent surveys were markedly higher than observed in the former surveys.Among 112 strains of S. aureus isolated in the present survey, 28 (25.9%) were MRSA. Among 113 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated, 41 (36.8%) were PISP and 14 (12.3%) were PRSP. Among 106 strains of H. influenzae isolated, 38 (35.8%) were BLNAR, and 16 (15.1%) each were BLPAR and BLNAI, respectively. Frequency of isolation of these drug resistant bacteria was higher in patients aged 5 years or younger than in other age groups. Compared with the result of the previous surveys, frequencies of isolation of MRSA, resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP and PRSP), resistant H. influenzae (mainly BLNAR), and ABPC resistant M. catarrhalis are increasing recently.It is considered necessary to take measures to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics in order to prevent the increase of resistant bacteria.
1 0 0 0 OA β-lactam antibiotic induced vancomycin-resistant MRSA (BIVR) に対するpazufloxacinと抗MRSA薬の併用効果
- 著者
- 柳沢 千恵 花木 秀明 大石 智洋 上原 一晃 山口 幸恵 松井 秀仁 砂川 慶介
- 出版者
- 公益財団法人 日本感染症医薬品協会
- 雑誌
- The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics (ISSN:03682781)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.58, no.1, pp.11-16, 2005-02-25 (Released:2013-05-17)
- 参考文献数
- 19
26株のvancomycin (VCM) とβ-ラクタム薬が拮抗を示すMRSA (β-lactam antibioticinduced VCM-resistant MRSA: BIVR) を用いて, pazufloxacin (PZFX) と抗MRSA活性を示すVCM, teicoplanin (TEIC), arbekacin (ABK), minocycline (MINO), rifampicin (RFP), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (ST) とのin vitro併用効果をcheckerboard法にて検討した。PZFXとVCMの併用では, 26株中13株 (50%), TEICでは25株 (96%), ABKでは17株 (65%), MINOでは12株 (46%), STでは14株 (54%) で相加および相乗作用が確認された。うち, 相乗作用はTEICで26株中1株 (4%), ABKとMINOで各4株 (15%) が認められた。拮抗作用はMINOでのみ3株 (12%) 認められ, その他はすべて不関であった。
1 0 0 0 薬剤耐性(AMR)菌感染症治療薬を目的とした創薬研究
- 著者
- 日髙 淳 花木 秀明
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本薬学会
- 雑誌
- ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.55, no.2, pp.121-125, 2019 (Released:2019-02-01)
- 参考文献数
- 21
抗菌薬に対する耐性菌の出現と蔓延は世界的な問題であり、WHOをはじめ各国が国主導の対策を講じつつあるが、様々な要因により薬剤耐性(AMR)菌感染症治療薬の開発は停滞している。本稿では、新薬開発の代表例としてβ-ラクタマーゼ阻害薬およびその合剤の開発状況について概説し、新規抗菌薬の創薬促進のための考えや課題などについて述べる。