著者
菅原 潤
出版者
日本医学哲学・倫理学会
雑誌
医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.21-30, 2006-10-24 (Released:2018-02-01)

The German philosopher Juergen Habermas, who emphasizes the significance of communicative rationality in constructing social theories, has recently made active proposals in bioethics. To the extent that he insists on duties analogous to moral ones with regard to the moral status of animals, he remains in step with the opinions of some English-speaking ethical theorists. Indeed his acceptance of communications between men and other animals is consistent in part with the position of Peter Singer, who represents such opinions and objects to differentiating between humans and animals with reference to moral duties. However, Habermas fears that valuing various lives only for their sensible capacities, regardless of special differences, might result in assignment of priority to the lives of healthy higher animals over those of handicapped babies, and therefore maintains that we are after all different from the other animals in moral status. This conclusion by Habermas is built on the philosophical edifice of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, the author of the Dialectic of enlightenment, in accordance with the idea that we should not instrumentalize the living activities of humen beings. This is why he insists that research in reproductive medicine should be carefully considered. Accordingly, his attitude toward bioethics results in a kind of anthropocentrism, though we must not overlook the need for expansion of communicative relasions between humans and other animal species. The opinions of Habermas on bioethics have affected the ethics of nature, as outlined by Angelika Krebs and Martin Seel under the influence of Frankfurt School in the contemporary Germany.
著者
菅原 潤
出版者
日本シェリング協会
雑誌
シェリング年報 (ISSN:09194622)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.93-103, 2019 (Released:2020-10-14)

Maurizio Ferraris (1956-), a contemporary Italian philosopher insisted on the realistic turn earlier than the speculative realists (i. e. Ray Brasser, Iain Hamilton Grant, Graham Herman and Quentin Meillassoux). He criticizes constructivism (including Derridian deconstructivism) by stressing the unamendability of perception. According to Ferraris, if fossils of dinosaurs to be acknowledged as such, either they should have been constructed by human scientists, or known as dinosaurs were before humans appeared on the Earth. He emphasizes the astonishing moments in encountering objects because they possesses both –contradictory– resistant and attractive qualities. Ferraris finds ideas to his own in Schelling’s Philosophy of Revelation, wherein a young German philosopher Markus Gabriel innovates the theory of the field of sense.
著者
菅原 潤 神谷 友裕 三ヶ島 文平
出版者
公益社団法人 精密工学会
雑誌
精密工学会学術講演会講演論文集 2017年度精密工学会秋季大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.75-76, 2017-09-05 (Released:2018-03-05)

次世代の光学衛星においては光学系の熱的安定性の向上が必要とされている。この光学系のミラー材料としてゼロ膨張セラミックス(NEXCERA)は従来のゼロ膨張ガラスに変わる有望な材料と考えられている。衛星用ミラーのためには超軽量非球面ミラーの高精密加工が必須となる。本発表ではNEXCERAの研磨特性やサブアパーチャー工具を使用した放物面の精密加工、およびMRFによる双曲面の精密加工の適用について述べる。