著者
齋藤 駿介
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.808, pp.2039-2050, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-01)

Early building evacuations focused on cities critical to air defense, but the target cities were officially expanded in June 1945, and in reality, they were expanded around the end of 1944 to include small and medium-sized regional cities. The largest number of evacuated buildings was recorded around March 1945, when nighttime air raids on major cities were common. Although the project was implemented in many cities throughout Japan, the majority of evacuated buildings were concentrated in the industrial areas of Keihin, Keihanshin, Nagoya, and northern Kyushu.
著者
齋藤 駿介
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.1, pp.1-26, 2022 (Released:2022-04-19)
参考文献数
28

本稿では,近代仙台における法定都市計画の展開と市域拡張の関係を,周辺町村の動向に着目しながら明らかにする。仙台都市計画の主眼は周辺町村の市街化・工業化に置かれ,その展開に呼応して市域拡張が3次にわたって実施された。仙台市主導の第1次市域拡張は先行して指定された都市計画区域と同域を対象としており,直近の法定都市計画に必要な領域を取り込むという目的が明確であった。一方,第2・3次市域拡張は,隣接村からの強い要望の下で実施された。この背景には,法定都市計画の進展が周辺地域に都市計画・市域拡張の恩恵を意識させ,それと同時に周辺地域内での競争意識を駆り立てたことがあり,仙台では先行する市域拡張が次なる市域拡張を惹起させていた。さらに,都市計画は一貫して市域拡張の必要性を主張する根拠として引用されたが,合併の必要性が差し迫ってはいなかった第2・3次市域拡張ではその役割がより強調された。こうして法定都市計画と市域拡張の実施による「大仙台」建設への期待は高まり続けたが,実際には都市計画事業の進捗は大幅に遅延していた。以上の考察から,近代仙台における法定都市計画は実際の都市空間を改変する技術としての意義以上に将来的な近代都市「大仙台」建設のビジョンを示す意義が重視されており,市域拡張は「大仙台」の展開領域を具体的に提示することで遅延しがちな法定都市計画を補完する役割を果たしていたと考えられる。
著者
齋藤 駿介
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.784, pp.1792-1803, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-06-30)

This paper clarifies the relationship between the regional development planning which was strongly influenced by the national land and regional planning, the preceding urban planning, and wartime urban planning, by taking the Sen’en region as a case study; examines its ideas and reality; and considers the characteristics of wartime urban planning. The central ministries, such as the Cabinet Planning Board, the Civil Engineering Bureau, and the Planning Bureau of the Home Ministry, worked to formulate the national land and regional planning and implement related projects, but their views did not necessarily align, and its concepts were not systematized. On the other hand, in the Sen’en region, under the leadership of Shigeyuki Kanamori, the director of the Sendai Civil Engineering Branch of the Home Ministry, they formulated the Sen’en Regional Development Comprehensive Plan, which was a comprehensive regional development plan, based on an original systematic view on national land and regional planning. The Sen’en Plan was designed to make the Sen’en region an industrial city by utilizing the production base of Kamafusa Dam and Sendai inner and outer port construction as its core projects. Although previous studies did not elucidate the relationship between urban planning and national land and regional planning during WWII, by clarifying the process of how the Sen’en Plan was designed, it is found that civil engineers’ advocacy of integrated regional development concepts linked indirect population and industrial local dispersal concepts through industrial infrastructure development to actual industrial city construction in provincial areas, and that urban planning and national land and regional planning were closely linked. However, the preceding discussion about the development of the region and urban planning strongly influenced how the Sen’en Plan was formulated. Though the intentions of individual entities such as the Home Ministry, Miyagi Prefecture, and each municipality were not necessarily in accord, they had the purpose of industrialization and urbanization in the Sen’en region in common, allowing for the smooth drafting of a grand development plan for the whole region. In response to the formulation of the Sen’en Plan, wartime urban planning in Sendai specialized in projects related to industrial development in the city’s east and south. First, the eastern part of the city was incorporated into the urban planning area. Next, the land readjustment that was enforced by public entities in Nagamachi and Haranomachi was actualized. In addition, existing urban planning streets were added and changed. Tagajo, where the construction of a naval arsenal was proceeding, also saw the actualization of projects for land readjustment, the development of streets and elementary schools, and river improvements. However, these projects were stipulated at the locations of military arsenals, and the original concept for Sen’en region as a whole was not realized. In this way, wartime urban planning in the Sen’en region was innovative in that it was planned and implemented based on the urban planning concept as a comprehensive plan that made incorporations not only in terms of enhanced planning standards and wider planning areas, as clarified in previous research, but also in terms of plans for future land use across the whole region. However, in reality the plan was not actually feasible, partly because the construction of Kamafusa Dam and Sendai outer Port was frustrated. Thus, as was the case in other regions, the project focused heavily on military and munitions demands.
著者
齋藤 駿介
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.87, no.802, pp.2678-2689, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

During WWII, creation of the Comprehensive Sen’en Regional Development Plan spurred the implementation of the Sen’en Great Merger. However, Sendai and Shiogama were at odds over the development of Shiogama Port. As a result, the fourth expansion of Sendai City was undertaken. This was accomplished by incorporating only five neighboring villages, while the municipal system of Shiogama City was implemented, only partially implementing the original plan for the merger. Thus, although the Sen’en Plan and the Sen’en Great Merger partially contributed to the formation of an expansive urban region, they lacked feasibility, and the originally grandiose plan was largely incomplete.
著者
石川 豊 齋藤 駿介 及川 朱
出版者
一般社団法人 表面技術協会
雑誌
表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.9, pp.499-502, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-02)
参考文献数
13

This study examined growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures using a double-layer film consisting of iron and cobalt layers as a catalyst. Ethanol was used as the carbon source. At a 350 ℃ growth temperature, few SWCNTs were grown when only cobalt film was used as the catalyst, although SWCNT growth was confirmed when a double-layer film consisting of iron and cobalt layers was used as the catalyst. The optimal combination for use as the catalyst is iron oxide in a layer (thickness before oxidation, 1.2 nm) on the cobalt oxide in a layer (thickness before oxidation, 1.0 nm). By reduction of these films at 400 ℃ for 30 min, followed by CNT growth at 350 ℃ for 30 min, a vertically aligned SWCNT film with 3.2 μm thickness was obtained.