著者
芥川 進
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.6, pp.513-518, 1986-06-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
7 9

本技術の特色は新規に開発された不斉合成反応を用いて光学活性テルペノイドの工業生産を実現したことにある。原料から中間体を経て製品までの各プロセスにそれぞれ改良あるいは新技術の開発, 導入が行われたが, とりわけ不斉合成反応において独創的な諸技術が確立された。これを要約すると次の通りである。1.軸不斉を有する新配位子の工業生産。2.触媒活性低下の少ない新ロジウム錯体触媒の開発。3.高価なロジウム錯体の回収, 再使用技術。その結果, 光学収率98.5%, 化学収率98%, 不斉増殖率105という画期的な不斉合成法を世界に先駆けて実現した。次に, 本法の特徴として (R) あるいは (S) の光学活性体を原料あるいは配位子の選択, 組み合わせで任意に作り分けられることができる。これを図示すると次のようになる。即ち, 1.石油資源のイソプレンまたは植物資源のミルセンのいずれも原料として用いられる。2.光学分割によって得られる配位子の両対掌体が使用できる。これは本技術の経済的および工業的有利性を示すものである。なお基質のE/Z (cis-trans) で光学純度の等しい (R) あるいは (S) 異性体が生成することは触媒反応による不斉合成ではめずらしい例である。光学純度に関しては, 現在98.5%eeでありl-メントール製造においてはイソプレゴールを-50℃に深冷することで100%eeのl-イソプレゴールを得ているが, 配位子の構造修飾によりほぼ100%eeを達成できることを見出し, 工業化実施中である。これによりメントールの合理化のみならず, 有機化学者の挑戦課題の一つであった天然品と同等の光学活性体の工業的製造を実現することになる。本技術はl-メントールに代表される光学活性テルペノイドの製造に用いられるにとどまらず, 例えば光学活性シトロネラールのように, ビタミンなどの医薬, 昆虫フエロモンなどの農薬の原料としていわゆる光学活性構築材料 (キラルシントン) としての活用がより盛んになるであろう。生理活性物質を主たる目的とする精密有機合成化学の分野で本技術は光学活性化合物の一般合成法として広く活用されることが期待される。錯体触媒は主として石油化学工業で活用され大きな成果をあげてきた。一方これを精密有機合成の分野に応用しようとする試みは多数あり, 優れた研究はあるが工業化された例は少ない。本技術は我が国で生まれた基礎研究が工業化につながった例として, また大学と企業の共同作業が成功した例として大きな特色があり, このような開発体制が我が国化学工業の当面する諸問題解決の参考例となればこれに勝る幸せはない。
著者
木曽 良明
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.5, pp.403-412, 1994-05-01 (Released:2009-11-16)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1 2

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), codes for a virus-specific aspartic protease responsible for processing the gag and gag-pol polyproteins and for the proliferation of the retrovirus. The HIV-1 protease functions as a homodimer and can recognize Phe-Pro and Tyr-Pro sequences as the cleavage site, but mammalian aspartic proteases do not have such specificity. These features provided a basis for the rational design of selective HIV protease-targeted drugs for the treatment of AIDS and related complex.Based on the substrate transition state, we designed and synthesized a novel class of HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2 S, 3S) -3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid].
著者
砂川 洵 佐々木 章
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.9, pp.761-771, 1996-09-01 (Released:2010-01-28)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
3 9

1976年にチエナマイシン (1) の発見が報告されて以来丁度20年が経過した。1は強力かつ幅広い抗菌活性という抗菌剤としての必要条件を満たしていたが, 化学的安定性, 生体内安定性 (デヒドロペプチダーゼ-I, DHP-Iに対する安定性) および, 腎毒性, 中枢毒性などの副作用面で克服すべき課題を有していた。その必要条件を維持し, いかに医薬品としての十分条件を満たすかという命題のもと多くの研究グループによってカルバペネム抗生剤の開発研究が展開された。その結果, これまでにイミペネム (2), パニペネム (4), メロペネム (6) の3剤が市販されている (図1) 。2および4はいずれも腎毒性の低減などを目的にそれぞれDHP-I阻害剤・シラスチタン (3), 有機アニオン輸送阻害剤・ベタミプロン (5) との合剤として開発された。したがって, 安全性, 使いやすさなどからカルバペネム単剤での開発が望まれていたが, 近年DHP-Iに対する安定性が向上することで注目された1β-メチルカルバペネム骨格を持っメロペネム (6) の開発がその夢を実現し, カルバペネム抗生剤の開発研究は1っの峠を越えたということができる。カルバペネム抗生剤の開発研究における合成化学の比重は極めて高く, その研究のほとんどが全合成によって展開された。合成法の開発が新しい誘導体での探索を可能ならしめ, その進歩が大量製造を可能ならしめ, その結果としてカルバペネム抗生剤開発に至ったというこれまでの経緯が, 合成化学の果たした役割の重さを如実に示しているが, 同時にカルバペネム合成化学は基盤が確立し, 次なる展開を図る時期にきたことを示している。既に多くの総説があるが本稿では “新世代カルバペネム抗生剤の開発” を目指した今後の研究を展望すべく, 最近の報文を中心に合成化学の現状を概説するとともに, 生物活性面から見たカルバペネム化学について触れる。
著者
Shigehiro Yamaguchi Aiko Fukazawa Masayasu Taki
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.11, pp.1179-1187, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-09)
参考文献数
94
被引用文献数
14

Phosphole P-oxide is a useful building block for π-conjugated materials due to its nonaromatic and electron-accepting character. We have synthesized a series of ring-fused derivatives of phosphole P-oxide based on the intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization of appropriate alkyne precursors or radical phosphanylations. Some of the thus obtained compounds exhibited intriguing fluorescence properties and were applied to fluorescence imaging. A donor-acceptor-type benzo[b]phosphole P-oxide with a (diphenylamino)phenyl group exhibited large solvatochromism in its fluorescence spectra, and could hence be used as a staining agent for lipid droplets. C-Naphox and PB430, which consist of fully ring-fused π-conjugated ladder-type scaffolds, exhibited outstanding photostability and their absorption and emission properties were suitable for super-resolution STED imaging. Moreover, using PB430-conjugated antibodies, we carried out a 3-D reconstruction of the STED images and developed a photostability-based multicolor STED imaging technique.
著者
井原 正隆 福本 圭一郎
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.2, pp.96-108, 1986-02-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
16 17

This article reviews results on double Michael reaction of Diels-Alder type. The review is recorded in four sections ; (i) intermolecular double Michael reaction, (ii) bicycleannulation, (iii) intramolecular double Michael reaction, and (iv) synthesis of heterocyclic compounds having an angular nitrogen. In all sections, applications to syntheses of natural products are briefly discussed.
著者
長瀬 博 河合 孝治
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.4, pp.374-383, 1989-04-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
1 3

Abnormal enolization reaction of naltrexone was found and the reactivity was applied to the syntheses of highly selective opioid receptor antagonists. Further, structure activity relationship of these antagonists was discussed.
著者
植木 正彬
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.3, pp.219-228, 1986-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
1 1

Since the discovery of two endogenous opioid peptides, Met-and Leu-enkephalins, a lot of works have been done to develop better analgesics without side-reactions. By now many highly potent analogues of enkephalins have been designed and synthesized. But, pure analgesics have not so far been obtained. It is mainly because of the complexity of opioid ligands and their interactions with multiple receptors. In addition recent knowledge of enhancing effects of peptidase inhibitors on the potency of opioid peptides prompts us to reexamine all the accumulated pharmacological data.
著者
Kazuhiko Semba Yoshiaki Nakao
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.11, pp.1133-1140, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-09)
参考文献数
154
被引用文献数
4

Cross-coupling reactions based on catalytically generated organocopper species have been developed by cooperative Pd/Cu or Ni/Cu catalysis. Alkyl or alkenylcopper intermediates generated via the hydrocupration or borylcupration of alkenes or alkynes engage in Pd- or Ni-catalyzed reactions with organic electrophiles. These reactions circumvent the laborious pre-synthesis and isolation processes of organometallics that characterize conventional cross-coupling reactions, and they are hence more step-economical. Moreover, highly functionalized organocopper species, which are difficult to access using conventional methods, can be obtained from readily available alkenes and alkynes. Thus, cross-coupling reactions by cooperative Pd/Cu or Ni/Cu catalysis represent powerful tools for the construction of complex structures from readily available starting materials in a single operation.
著者
辻 篤子
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.5, pp.530-531, 2003-05-01

「おもしろいなあ.だって, グリーンとケミストリーって, ほとんど逆の概念でしょう?」.科学部のある記者が, 「グリーンケミストリー」の話を聞いてこんな感想をもらした.2年前の秋のことだ.さらにその記者は続けて, 「つまりは, 化学のイメージ挽回作戦ですね」.なるほどそういう見方もあるのかと, ちょっと驚いたが, 化学物質による環境汚染や毒性と結びつけて考えられがちな化学のイメージを考えれば, さほどとっぴな見方ではないかもしれないと, 思い直した.この記者は文科系出身, とくに化学にくわしいというわけではなかったが, それだけに, ごく普通の感覚に近いといえるかもしれない.
著者
木村 午朗 近岡 貞志
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.3, pp.241-247, 1965
被引用文献数
1

1, 7-Diaminoheptane has been synthesized from 1, 7-dichloroheptene-3 through ammonolysis followed by hydrogenation. For the formation of the desirable primary amine in the ammonolysis reaction, the following conditions have been proved favorable: use of liguid ammonia with or without a small amount of water or an organic solvent rather than aqueous ammonia, use of an excessive amount of ammonia, reaction temperatures above 80°C, in case of aqueous ammonia and above 60°C, in case of liquid ammonia, the effects of temperature upon yield being small over the range 100-140°C, and efficient agitation to ensure thorough contact of the reactants. The maximum yield of 1, 7-diaminoheptene-3, however, was 72-73%. Attempts to improve the yield resulted in the formation of secondary and tertiary polyamine by-products. 1, 7-Diaminoheptene-3 thus obtained was readily hydrogenated into 1, 7-diaminoheptane in 96% yield in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst under the atmospheric pressure as well as under pressure. Condensation polymerization of 1, 7-diaminoheptene-3 and that of 1, 7-diaminoheptane with urea proceeded smoothly and white solid polyureas with good spinning properties were obtained. The former polyurea showed m.p. 216°C, d<SUP>20</SUP>4 1.13 and the latter, m.p. 260°C, d<SUP>20</SUP> 1.12. The melting point of the polyurea obtained from 1, 9-noname. thylenediamine fell between that of the two polymers, and the specific gravity of the former was approximately 5% less than that of the latter two. The fiber of 1, 7-diaminoheptene-3 polyurea as well as that of 1, 7-diaminoheptane polyurea showed a slightly better dyeing properties with acidic and dispersing dyes than 1, 9-nonamethylenediamine polyurea, though other properties of those three types of fiber were alike.
著者
藤野 政彦
出版者
社団法人 有機合成化学協会
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.5, pp.439-444, 1994-05-01 (Released:2009-11-16)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

Biologically active peptide have potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of diseases caused by peptide deficiency. However, there are only a few peptide drugs, Elcitonin (a calcitonin derivatives for osteoporosis, Asahikasei), Hirutonin (TRH tartrate for prolonged disturbance of consciousness, Takeda) and Leuplin (a highly potent LH-RH derivative for prostate cancer/endometriosis, Takeda) There are two serious drawbacks to using peptide derivatives as drugs : their poor oral bioavailability and their short duration of activity. Although the latter can be overcome by studing various derivatives, the development of orally active peptide derivatives is almost impossible. I would like to describe briefly the process of the research and development of “Leuplin Depot”, once-a-month depot type formulation of super agonist of LH-RH.
著者
松田 知子 原田 忠夫 中村 薫
出版者
社団法人 有機合成化学協会
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.7, pp.659-669, 2001-07-01 (Released:2010-01-22)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
3 4

Biocatalyst has been attracted increasing attention for asymmetric synthesis due to the high enantioselectivities and environmentally friendliness. We have been developing methods using a fungus, Geotrichum candidum, which has many enzymes catalyzing the enantioselective oxidation and reduction reactions of non-natural substrates. These enzymes in the resting or dried cells were used in an organic solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide, or aqueous media for oxidation, reduction or deracemization reactions. The usefulness of these methods was also demonstrated in the preparation, on a multi-gram scale, of optically pure alcohols.The effect of fluorine substituents on the enantioselectivity of the reduction using the dried cell was also investigated thoroughly, and it was found that the reduction of trifluoromethyl ketones affords (S) -trifluoromethyl carbinols in excellent ee, whereas the reduction of methyl ketones gives the corresponding alcohols of the opposite configuration in excellent ee. The enzymes in the cells were separated to investigate the origin of different enantioselectivities between the methyl and trifluoromethyl ketones.
著者
鈴木 啓介
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.367-377, 1988-04-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
11 20

Contrary to the firm and long-standing credence on the involvement of racemization, the “cationic” 1, 2-rearrangement reactions may proceed stereospecifically under suitable reaction conditions to allow the complete 1, 2-chirality transfer. This fact provides a solid basis for the development of a novel and useful synthetic reactions to achieve the highly selective acyclic steoeocontrol. This paper deals with a survey of the new synthetic methodology based on the novel 1, 2-rearrangements under Lewis acidic conditions as well as the newly exploited silicon-directed relative streocontrol, which would find a broad applicability in the highly stereoselective synthesis of a wide variety of useful compounds including chiral pheromones, macrolides, and so on.
著者
平川 芳彦
出版者
社団法人 有機合成化学協会
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.5, pp.325-331, 1977-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
10

Sulfur (S) is an element of 15th largely existed in earth's crust, 10th in universe, and 7th in human body. S circulates the environmental sphere in various chemical forms, but SO2 in atmosphere is largely responsible by human burning of S contained fuels and minerals. Underground resources of S and production type of S differ country by country. S content in crude oil varies ranging from less than 0.1% to more than 5% in every oilfield. Large S content unexpected from biological source theory of oil origin might be explained by that melted mineral origin elementary S in underground has met and dissolved into highly aromatic or naphthenic fractions of crude oil and secondarily converted to S compounds. Though supply of S as fertilizer to fields has been decreased, but SO2 has played an important role of natural supply of S to the earth, especially in highly populated metropolitan areas.
著者
長谷川 元 三浦 剛毅 渡谷 哲朗 洪 南基
出版者
社団法人 有機合成化学協会
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.9, pp.773-780, 1998-09-01 (Released:2009-11-16)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
1 1

To date, the resolution of racemic mixture via diastereomeric salt formation has been the most commonly used industrial technique.We have synthesized and applied new resolving agents for industrial application. Practical approach to the developments is as follows. Optically active 2-phenoxypropionic acid and tartranilic acid are readily employed for the resolution of bases, and 1-benzylamino-3-phenoxy-2-propanol for the resolution of acids.
著者
時田 澄男
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.11, pp.1129-1140, 1987-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
129
被引用文献数
1 1

It is becoming commonplace for organic chemists to have their own microcomputers. In this article, softwares for such users to carry out two or three dimentional input to a computer, graphic display of molecular structures, and molecular orbital calculations are reviewed (129 references).
著者
中馬 寛
出版者
The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.11, pp.1098-1106, 1987-11-01 (Released:2009-11-13)
参考文献数
62

The function of a bioactive peptide is often dictated by the bioactive conformation that fits into its receptor. Conformational energy calculations (Molecular Mechanics) as well as various experimental methods have been used for this purpose. On the other hand, recent molecular dynamics simulations of proteins have provided us the new dynamic picture of protein structures. These theoretical methods are thought to play an important role in elucidating the receptor mediated events of bioactive peptides and in the drug design based on their conformations.The objectives of this review are (1) to provide an introduction to the field of conformational energy calculations and molecular dynamics for peptides; (2) to explain how we can find the bioactive conformation by using conformational energy calculations; and (3) to describe the application of the above methods for defining the bioactive conformation of an opiate peptide, Morphiceptin, as one example.