著者
桑原 夏子
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.25, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

My paper shows one of the textual sources for the wall painting of the temple of Fortuna Virile (the church of Santa Maria di Secundicerio) (Italy, Rome, 872-882) which presents the Marian cycle with her last days, the story of St. Basil and the story of Mary of Egypt. This is the oldest example, which presents the Last Days of the Virgin Mary - the Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin by Christ, the Departure of the Apostles, and the Arrival of the Apostles - therefore it is important to discover its textual source. First of all, I point out that one of the Apostles is departing from his grave to attend Mary’s death in the scene of the Departure of the Apostles. Secondly, I indicate that this unique episode is found in a Greek text, which is written by pseudo St. John in the early 6th century. All stories of this temple are based on the Greek texts, therefore this wall painting might suggest the lost Greek visual culture has been persecuted by iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire.
著者
江藤 匠
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.49, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

Pietro Perugino wurde in den 1480er-Jahren von Theologen Baltori ein Altarwerk in Rom in Auftrag gegeben. Diese Kreuzigung, die nach ihrem Besitzer Fürsten Galizin Galitzin-Triptychon genannt wurde, ist eine Verbindung von den meditativen Bildthemen mit der naturalistischen Ästhetik. Schon wiesen F.Hartt und J.Wood auf einen großen Einfluß der niederländischen Malerei auf das Altarbild Peruginos hin. Aber sie nahmen keine Notiz von den gefühlvollen Figurendarstellungen von Hl.Maria und Hl.Johannes. Der Verfasser bemerkte die Ähnlichkeit zwischen dieser Figurendarstellung des Hl.Johannes und derjenigen in dem Triptychon von Niccolò da Foligno in der Pinacoteca Vaticana. Die Kreuzigung Niccolòs hat eine Zusammanhang mit derjenigen der Eyckischen Schule in der Cà d’Oro zu Venedig. Es ist bewährt, dass die Figurenkomposition dieser Kreuzigung das Abbild von der Kreuzigungsminiatur in jenen Heures de Milan ist. Niccolò da Foligno wird als einer der Meister Peruginos in seiner Umbrien-Zeit betrachtet. Aus diesem Grunde kommt es zu dem Schluß, dass Perugino für die Darstellung der Galitzin-Kreuzigung auch das Vorbild der Eyckischen Schule verwendet hat. Peruginos Altarbild konnte deswegen die Doppelfunktion eines Andachtsbildes erfüllen: die religiöse Versenkung und den optischen Charme.
著者
瀧川 美生
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.61, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan Mosque (commonly known as Dolmabahçe Mosque, 1852- 1855, Istanbul) has not been properly valued in the history of Ottoman architecture. The prevalent view is that Ottoman mosques of the 18th and 19th centuries degenerated from the Golden Age because more importance was attached to decoration rather than structure under European influences, thereby breaking with the Ottoman tradition. However, this mosque shares, along with European elements, the following essential characteristics with the Ottoman mosques of the Golden Age: (1) The unified space of the prayer hall formed by the single dome without any elements dividing the space; (2) the effects of the surroundings and the opening of the prayer hall, as well as the overall construction of the mosque; and (3) The rectangle form topped by a semicircle found in every part of the mosque, like the building’s form, windows, piers, and arches, among others.
著者
藤本 奈七
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.73, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

Degas, famous for his dancer paintings, also intensively worked on landscapes in 1869, 1890-93 and c.1895-98. Previous studies emphasized elements of next-generation art such as Fauvism or Cubism appear in the arbitrary colors and distorted space in the landscapes depicted in Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme during the period of c.1895-98. This paper, first, compares the landscapes of c.1895-98 with of 1892 depicting scenery from moving train compartment. In the landscapes of 1892, it is clear that description of the foreground is vaguer than that of the background for speed of a train, and we can argue that this is also the case with the landscapes of c.1895-98. Second, through comparison of four Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme landscapes depicting the identical place with actual view, it will be shown that Degas drew them changing his standing locations on the same road. Seeing these in certain order, we have the impression that we walk further and further on the road as the hindmost house in each landscape is getting bigger. Thereby, it is concluded that Degas captured not only moving objects like dancers and racehorses but still objects which change by his move. Representation of such to-andfro motion is unique among his other landscapes.
著者
原 塁
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.2, pp.109, 2017 (Released:2019-01-02)

This paper clarifies Japanese composer Toru Takemitsu’s usage of the repeat sign and considers the influence of other works from the same period and his aesthetic change. In the 1960s, Takemitsu uses the repeat sign in two ways. One of the usages works as the base of “Tone Cluster” and introduces high level “Indeterminacy”. The other is inspired by the technique of the Polish composer Witold Lutosławski and introduces low level “Indeterminacy” under the control of the composer. In the latter case, the repeat sign enables each player to play independently and creates the asynchronous sound. This usage is continued in the next decade. In the 1970s, a number of passages in which different cycles and tempi accumulate simultaneously are repeated. In spite of his instruction of tempi and notes, the entire sound cannot be predicted exactly, as each passage is repeated many times, so this repetition also introduces a controlled “Indeterminacy”. In the 1980s, Takemitsu came close to Steve Reich’s “Phase-Shifting” technique. Reich’s technique implies strong “Determinacy”, and thus we can see the change in Takemitsu’s aesthetic here. While in prior works, he placed more value on “Indeterminacy”, in this period, he treated “Determinacy” and “Indeterminacy” relatively.