著者

Norikazu MIYASHITA Yasuaki KUBO Miharu YONAI Kanako KANEYAMA Norio SAITO Ken SAWAI Akira MINAMIHASHI Toshiyuki SUZUKI Toshiyuki KOJIMA Takashi NAGAI

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1108020393-1108020393, (Released:2011-08-05)

被引用文献数

6 13

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Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell, had shorter telomeres than age-matched controls and died at an early age because of disease. To investigate longevity and lifetime performance in cloned animals, we produced cloned cows with short telomeres using oviductal epithelial cells as donor cells. At 5 years of age, despite the presence of short telomeres, all cloned cows delivered multiple healthy offspring following artificial insemination with conventionally processed spermatozoa from noncloned bulls, and their milk production was comparable to that of donor cows. Moreover, this study revealed that the offspring had normal-length telomeres in their leukocytes and major organs. Thus, cloned animals have normal functional germ lines, and therefore germ line function can completely restore telomere lengths in clone gametes by telomerase activity, resulting in healthy offspring with normal-length telomeres.

著者

Shun TAKEO Daichi SATO Koji KIMURA Yasunori MONJI Takehito KUWAYAMA Ryoka KAWAHARA-MIKI Hisataka IWATA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.92-99, 2014 (Released:2014-04-24)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

17 65

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The aim of the present study was to address the effect of resveratrol-mediated upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) during oocyte maturation on mitochondrial function, the developmental ability of oocytes and on mechanisms responsible for blockage of polyspermic fertilization. Oocytes collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries were cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 0 or 20 µM resveratrol (Res). We examined the effect of Res on SIRT1 expression in in vitro-matured oocytes (Exp 1); fertilization and developmental ability (Exp 2); mitochondrial DNA copy number (Mt number), ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in matured oocytes (Exp 3); and the time required for proteinase to dissolve the zona pellucida following in vitro fertilization (as a marker of zona pellucida hardening), as well as on the distribution of cortical granules before and after fertilization (Exp 4). In Exp 1, the 20 µM Res treatment upregulated protein expression of SIRT1 in oocytes. In Exp 2, Res treatment improved the ratio of normal fertilization and the total cell number of blastocysts. In Exp 3, Res treatment significantly increased the ATP content in matured oocytes. Additionally, Res increased the overall Mt number and mitochondrial membrane potential, but the effect was donor-dependent. In Exp 4, Res-induced zona hardening improved the distribution and exocytosis of cortical granules after in vitro fertilization. In conclusion, Res improved the quality of oocytes by improving mitochondrial quantity and quality. In addition, Res added to the maturation medium enhanced SIRT1 protein expression in oocytes and improved fertilization via reinforcement of the mechanisms responsible for blockage of polyspermic fertilization.

著者

三宅 陽一

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.j111-j118, 1996 (Released:2010-10-20)

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これまでに家畜には多くの染色体異常例があり,それが繁殖障害と密接に関連していることを報告した.今回,それらの結果をもとに,染色体異常例は以下の4つの型に区分されるものと考えた.すなわち,A群は染色体の形態に異常があり相対的不妊症を示すもの(転座,逆位);B群は染色体の形態は正常であるが絶対的不妊症を示すもの(XY female,間性);C群は染色体数の増減があり絶対的不妊症を示すもの(トリソミー,モノソミー);D群は性染色体のキメラが認められ絶対的な不妊症を示すもの(フリーマーチン)である.今後,このような染色体異常例は家畜の遺伝子(群)の機能を解析するうえで,格好のモデルになるものと思われる.

著者

Kudo Toshiyuki Yamamoto Hiroaki Sato Seiji SUTOU Shizuyo

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.101-107, 1996-05-01

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 10

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Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1.) is a key enzyme of feminizing hormone biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens. In birds, sex-steroid hormones, especially estrogens, play a critical role in the development of the gonadal glands and the aromatase is one of the most important factors in sex determination. Herein, we cloned the 5' upstream regions of chicken and quail aromatase genes and determined these sequences, which showed high homology between chicken and quail. Moreover, the transcription initiation site of the chicken aromatase gene in early development was determined by the 5'-RACE method. The findings showed that the transcription of the chicken aromatase gene starts from a more upstream site than previously reported.

著者

Shahram CHAPARIAN Ahad ABDULAHNEJAD Farzad RASHIDI Majid TOGHYANI Abbasali GHEISARI Shahin EGHBALSAIED

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.265-270, 2016 (Released:2016-06-17)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 4

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DNA uptake in the post-acrosomal region of the spermatozoa takes place exclusively in immotile spermatozoa that are naturally unable to fertilize eggs. The present study aimed to assess whether passive transmission of non-viral vectors to the surrounding areas of chicken embryos could be an alternate mechanism in chicken sperm-mediated gene transfer. First, the presence of nucleases in rooster seminal plasma was evaluated. Semen ejaculates from five roosters were centrifuged and the supernatant was incubated with pBL2 for 1 h. A robust nuclease cocktail was detected in the rooster semen. To overcome these nucleases, plasmid-TransIT combinations were incubated with semen for 1 h. Incubation of exogenous DNA in the lipoplex structure could considerably bypass the semen nuclease effect. Then, intravaginal insemination of 1 × 109 sperm mixed with lipoplexes (40 µg pBL2:40 µl TransIT) was carried out in 15 virgin hens. Neither the epithelial tissue from the inseminated female reproductive tracts nor the produced embryos following artificial insemination showed the transgene. To remove any bias in the transgene transmission possibility, the plasmid-TransIT admixture was directly injected in close vicinity of the embryos in newly laid eggs. Nonetheless, none of the produced fetuses or chicks carried the transgene. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed a nuclease admixture in rooster seminal plasma, and passive/active transmission of the non-viral vector into close vicinity of the chicken embryo was inefficient for producing transgenic chicks.

著者

表記なし

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.143-144, 2006-02-01

著者

Yoshihisa UENOYAMA Vutha PHENG Hiroko TSUKAMURA Kei-ichiro MAEDA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2016-083, (Released:2016-07-29)

被引用文献数

44

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Kisspeptin, encoded by KISS1/Kiss1 gene, is now considered a master regulator of reproductive functions in mammals owing to its involvement in the direct activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons after binding to its cognate receptor, GPR54. Ever since the discovery of kisspeptin, intensive studies on hypothalamic expression of KISS1/Kiss1 and on physiological roles of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons have provided clues as to how the brain controls sexual maturation at the onset of puberty and subsequent reproductive performance in mammals. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates the potential involvement of extra-hypothalamic kisspeptin in reproductive functions. Here, we summarize data regarding kisspeptin inside and outside the hypothalamus and revisit the physiological roles of central and peripheral kisspeptins in the reproductive functions of mammals.

著者

村上 周子 柴谷 雅美 竹内 宏佑 SKARZYNSKI Dariusz J. 奥田 潔

出版者

Japanese Society of Animal Reproduction

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.531-538, 2003-12-01

被引用文献数

5 24

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ウシ子宮内膜を構成する上皮細胞および間質細胞のプロスタグランディンF2α(PGF)合成は、それぞれオキシトシン(O;上皮細胞)、および腫瘍壊死因子(NF;間質細胞)により促進される。本研究では、ウシ子宮内膜から単離し、継代培養および凍結保存した上皮ならびに間質細胞が子宮機能の解析に供することができるかを、OおよびNFに対するPGF合成の反応性から検討した。ウシ子宮(発情周期Days2-5)より単離した内膜上皮および間質細胞をPrimary細胞とし、約半量を培養、残りの半量を凍結後(-80C)、融解、培養した。また、Primary細胞を4回継代培養し、継代ごとに細胞の半量を次の継代に用い、残りの半量を凍結後、融解、培養した(Passage 1-4)。コンフルエントに達した後、NF(1ng/m1)またはO(100ng/m1)を添加し、4時間培養後、上清中のPGF濃度を測定した。継代および凍結融解した細胞に形態的な変化は認められなかった。間質細胞のPGF基底合成能に凍結および継代の影響は認められなかったが、凍結により上皮細胞の基底合成能は有意に低くなった。また、上皮細胞のみPassage2以降に基底合成量が有意に低くなったが、上皮はPassage2まで、間質はPassage4までそれぞれO、NFへの有意な反応性を示した。以上から、上皮細胞は1回まで、間質細胞は少なくとも4回まで継代および凍結保存しても子宮機能の解析に十分なPGF合成能を有することが明らかとなった。

著者

Louise Katherine BARTOLAC Jenna Louise LOWE George KOUSTAS Cecilia SJÖBLOM Christopher Gerald GRUPEN

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.525-531, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

12

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The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for vitrifying in vitro produced day 7 porcine embryos using different vitrification devices and blastocoele collapse methods. Firstly embryos were collapsed by micro-pipetting, needle puncture and sucrose with and without conducting vitrification. In the next experiment, non-collapsed embryos were vitrified in an open device using either superfine open-pulled straws (SOPS) or the CryoLoopTM system, or vitrified in a closed device using either the CryoTipTM or Cryo BioTM’s high security vitrification system (HSV). The post-thaw survival of embryos vitrified in the open devices did not differ significantly (SOPS: 37.3%; CryoLoopTM: 37.3%) nor did the post-thaw survival of embryos vitrified in the closed devices (CryoTip™: 38.5%; HSV: 42.5%). The re-expansion rate of embryos that were collapsed via micro-pipetting (76.0%) did not differ from those that were punctured (75.0%) or collapsed via sucrose (79.6%) when vitrification was not performed. However, embryos collapsed via sucrose solutions (24.5%) and needle puncture (16.0%) prior to vitrification were significantly less likely to survive vitrification than the control (non-collapsed) embryos (53.6%, P < 0.05). The findings show that both open and closed vitrification devices were equally effective for the vitrification of porcine blastocysts. Collapsing blastocysts prior to vitrification did not improve survival, which is inconsistent with the findings of studies in other species. This may be due to the extremely sensitive nature of porcine embryos, and/or the invasiveness of the collapsing procedures.

著者

Jens POPKEN Volker J. SCHMID Axel STRAUSS Tuna GUENGOER Eckhard WOLF Valeri ZAKHARTCHENKO

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2015-100, (Released:2015-12-04)

被引用文献数

1 6

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Utilizing 3D structured illumination microscopy, we investigated the quality and quantity of nuclear invaginations and the distribution of nuclear pores during rabbit early embryonic development and identified the exact time point of nucleoporin 153 (NUP153) association with chromatin during mitosis. Contrary to bovine early embryonic nuclei, featuring almost exclusively nuclear invaginations containing a small volume of cytoplasm, nuclei in rabbit early embryonic stages contain additionally numerous invaginations containing a large volume of cytoplasm. Small- volume invaginations frequently emanated from large-volume nuclear invaginations but not vice versa, indicating a different underlying mechanism. Large- and small- volume nuclear envelope invaginations required the presence of chromatin, as they were restricted to chromatin-positive areas. The chromatin-free contact areas between nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs) and large-volume invaginations were free of nuclear pores. Small-volume invaginations were not in contact with NPBs. The number of invaginations and isolated intranuclear vesicles per nucleus peaked at the 4-cell stage. At this stage, the nuclear surface showed highly concentrated clusters of nuclear pores surrounded by areas free of nuclear pores. Isolated intranuclear lamina vesicles were usually NUP153 negative. Cytoplasmic, randomly distributed NUP153- positive clusters were highly abundant at the zygote stage and decreased in number until they were almost absent at the 8-cell stage and later. These large NUP153 clusters may represent a maternally provided NUP153 deposit, but they were not visible as clusters during mitosis. Major genome activation at the 8- to 16-cell stage may mark the switch from a necessity for a deposit to on-demand production. NUP153 association with chromatin is initiated during metaphase before the initiation of the regeneration of the lamina. To our knowledge, the present study demonstrates for the first time major remodeling of the nuclear envelope and its underlying lamina during rabbit preimplantation development.

著者

Hiromichi TAMADA Kohei TAKEMOTO Masato TOMINAGA Noritoshi KAWATE Masahiro TAKAHASHI Shingo HATOYA Satoshi MATSUYAMA Toshio INABA Tsutomu SAWADA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2015-079, (Released:2015-10-26)

被引用文献数

2 4

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Gene expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and EGF receptor (EGF-R) and the localization of the corresponding proteins in the canine testis were studied. Levels of mRNA expressions were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the testes of the peripubertal (4–6 mo), young adult (3–4 y), advanced adult (7–8 y) and senescent (11–16 y) groups. The EGF-R mRNA level in the testes of the peripubertal group was significantly higher than those in the other groups, whereas there was no difference in EGF and TGF-α mRNA levels among groups. Immunohistochemical stainings for EGF, TGF-α and EGF-R in the testis revealed that immunoreactivity in the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cell was weak and nonspecific for the stage of spermatogenesis, and distinct staining was found in Leydig cells. These results suggest that the EGF family of growth factors may be involved in testicular maturation and function in the dog.

著者

Gabriela SÁNCHEZ-ANDRADE Bronwen M JAMES Keith M KENDRICK

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.547-558, 2005 (Released:2005-11-11)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

55 94 75

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Our work with both sheep and mouse models has revealed many of the neural substrates and signalling pathways involved in olfactory recognition memory in the main olfactory system. A distributed neural system is required for initial memory formation and its short-term retention-the olfactory bulb, piriform and entorhinal cortices and hippocampus. Following memory consolidation, after 8 h or so, only the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex appear to be important for effective recall. Similarly, whereas the glutamate-NMDA/AMPA receptor-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP signalling pathway is important for memory formation it is not involved in recall post-consolidation. Here, within the olfactory bulb, up-regulation of class 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors appears to maintain the enhanced sensitivity at the mitral to granule cell synapses required for effective memory recall. Recently we have investigated whether fluctuating sex hormone levels during the oestrous cycle modulate olfactory recognition memory and the different neural substrates and signalling pathways involved. These studies have used two robust models of social olfactory memory in the mouse which either involve social or non social odours (habituation-dishabituation and social transmission of food preference tasks). In both cases significant improvement of learning retention occurs when original learning takes place during the proestrus phase of the ovarian cycle. This is probably the result of oestrogen changes at this time since transgenic mice lacking functional expression of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ, the two main oestrogen receptor sub-types) have shown problems in social recognition. Therefore, oestrogen appears to act at the level of the olfactory bulb by modulating both noradrenaline and the glutamate/NO signalling pathway.

著者

橋爪 力 高橋 優子 沼田 恵 SASAKI Koichi UENO Kimiko OHTSUKI Kenji KAWAI Mami ISHII Aya

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.273-281, 1999-08-01

被引用文献数

5 29

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The objectives of this research were to characterize plasma profiles of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during gestation and the lactation period in goats, as well as in their suckling growing kids. There were no obvious changes in the GH or PRL profiles during gestation, but secretion of both GH and PRL increased acutely after parturition. The elevated GH concentrations were maintained until 3 months after parturition, whereas the PRL concentrations decreased gradually after parturition. The elevated hormone concentrations are thought to be caused mainly by an increase in the secretory pulse amplitudes. In contrast to the GH and PRL profiles, the plasma IGF-I concentrations during late gestation were significantly higher than the post-parturition concentrations, and the IGF-I concentrations in late gestation decreased gradually until the day of parturition. The plasma GH, PRL and IGF-I concentrations in kids 1 week after birth were high, and concentrations of each hormone decreased thereafter. These results show that the increased secretory potencies of pituitary GH and PRL after parturition are caused mainly by an increase in the secretory pulse amplitudes and that plasma GH is inversely related to plasma IGF-I compared over gestation and the lactation period in goats.

著者

Brussow Klaus-Peter Torner Helmut Ratky Jozsef 眞鍋 昇 TUCHSCHERER Armin

出版者

Japanese Society of Animal Reproduction

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.249-257, 2006-04-01

被引用文献数

1

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ブタにおいては卵管における貯留精子の放出と排卵の関連には不明な点が多い。あらかじめ子宮角頭部に少量の精子を注入した卵子除去法、メスブタの卵管内に卵子-卵丘細胞複合体を注入した後、卵管を摘出して膨大部、頭部と尾部の精子数、初期胚数と発生ステージなどを調べた。卵子-卵丘細胞複合体を注入しない場合と比較して膨大部と頭部の精子数が増加した。この効果はnon-sulfaed glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan(HA)とともに卵子-卵丘細胞複合体を注入した場合に顕著であり、受精して胚盤胞まで発生が進む初期胚の割合も高くなった。これらから、ブタでは卵管の精子貯留部からの精子放出に卵子-卵丘細胞複合体が影響し、HAがその効果を高めることがわかった。

著者

Carmen RODENAS Inmaculada PARRILLA Jordi ROCA Emilio Arsenio MARTINEZ Xiomara LUCAS

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2014-024, (Released:2014-07-21)

被引用文献数

2 9

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid cooling prior to freezing on frozen-thawed canine sperm quality. In experiment 1, centrifuged ejaculates from 6 dogs were pooled, split into 4 aliquots and cryopreserved by the Uppsala procedure using different cooling rates (control, cooling speed 18 C/90 min and average cooling rate 0.2 C/min; rapid, cooling speed 18 C/8 min and average cooling rate 2.25 C/min) in combination with 2 glycerol addition protocols (fractionated or unfractionated). In experiment 2, centrifuged ejaculates from 4 dogs were processed individually using the same cooling rates described in experiment 1 in combination with an unfractionated glycerol addition protocol. Each of the experiments was replicated 5 times. Sperm quality was evaluated after 30 and 150 min of post-thawing incubation at 38 C. Total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) and quality of movement parameters were assessed using a computerized system, and sperm viability (spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosome membranes) was assessed using flow cytometry (H-42/PI/FITC-PNA). Values for TM, PM, viable spermatozoa and the quality of movement parameters after thawing were not significantly affected by the cooling rate. The interaction between the cooling rate and the added glycerol protocol was not significant. There were significant differences among the males (P<0.01) in the sperm quality parameters evaluated after thawing. The interaction between the males and the cooling rate was not significant. In conclusion, canine spermatozoa can be cryopreserved using the Uppsala method at an average cooling rate of 2.25 C/min prior to freezing together with addition of fractionated or unfractionated glycerol.

著者

Misuzu YAMASHITA Kazuo YAMAGATA Keiko TSUMURA Tomoko NAKANISHI Tadashi BABA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.255-262, 2007 (Released:2007-05-12)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

9 15 14

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To improve assessment of the acrosome reaction of mouse epididymal sperm, we employed anti-Izumo1 antibody instead of antibodies against acrosomal proteins. The acrosomal states among acrosome-intact, spontaneously acrosome-reacted, truly acrosome-reacted, and probably dead and/or membrane-damaged sperm were clearly distinguished by combined application of anti-Izumo1 antibody, DNA dye Hoechst 33342, and monoclonal antibody MN7 to paraformaldehyde-fixed sperm. When the acrosome reaction of capacitated epididymal sperm on the oocyte zona pellucida was examined using anti-Izumo1 antibody, approximately 20% of sperm bound onto the zona pellucida were acrosome-reacted 30 min after insemination. We also observed the moment of the acrosome reaction of live sperm on the zona pellucida by time-lapse monitoring using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-Izumo1 antibody.

著者

Korzekwa Anna J. 奥田 潔 Woclawek-Potocka Izabela 村上 周子 SKARZYNSKI Dariusz J

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

The Journal of reproduction and development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.353-361, 2006-06-01

被引用文献数

9 54

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We previously showed in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies that nitric oxide (NO) is engaged in luteolysis in cattle. Nitric oxide produced locally in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) inhibits progesterone (P4) synthesis and is suggested to be a component of the luteolytic cascade induced by uterine prostaglandin (PG) F₂_α. In the present study, the molecular mechanisms of NO action during structural luteolysis were studied in cultured bovine luteal cells (Days 15-17 of the estrous cycle). The effects of the NO donor (NONOate; 10^-4M) on DNA fragmentation, cell viability, P4 production and caspase-3 activity were compared with those of PGF₂_α (10^-6M). Moreover, mobilization of intracellular calcium [Ca²⁺]_i and gene expressions of Fas-L, Fas, bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 in the cells were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR after NONOate treatment. Caspase-3 activity was examined calorimetrically. Contrary to PGF₂_α NONOate decreased cell viability. DNA fragmentation after NONOate treatment increased by more than with PGF2₂_α. NONOate increased mobilization of [Ca²⁺]_i in the cells. Although the NO donor did not affect Fas-L and bcl-2 gene expression, it stimulated Fas and bax mRNA and caspase-3 expression. The ratio of bcl-2 to bax mRNA level decreased in the cells treated with NONOate. Moreover, NONOate stimulated caspase-3 activity more effectively than PGF₂_α. The overall results suggest that NO is a luteolytic factor that plays a crucial role in regulation of the estrous cycle in structural luteolysis by inducing apoptosis of luteal cells in cattle.<br>

著者

Yuki YAMAMOTO Tatsuya YAMAMOTO Natsuki YUTO Thomas B. HILDEBRANDT Imke LUEDERS Gudrun WIBBELT Osamu SHIINA Yasushi MOURI Keisuke SUGIMURA Sayuri SAKAMOTO Saroch KAEWMANEE Kentaro NAGAOKA Gen WATANABE Kazuyoshi TAYA

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1111070413-1111070413, (Released:2011-11-11)

被引用文献数

2 13

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The objective of the present study was to define the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in pregnant African and Asian elephants. Levels of immunoreactive (ir-) PRL in serum and placental homogenates were measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on an ovine and human RIA system, and the localization of immunoreactive (ir-) PRL in the placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry using anti-human PRL. Circulating ir-prolactin clearly showed a biphasic pattern during pregnancy in African and Asian elephants. Serum levels of ir-PRL started to increase from the 4-6th month of gestation and reached the first peak level around the 11-14th month. A second peak of circulating ir-PRL levels was observed around the 18-20th month of gestation followed by an abrupt decline after parturition. In contrast, in a case of abortion of an African elephant, the second peak of ir-PRL was not observed, and the levels remained low for about four months until parturition. The weight of the fetus delivered at the 17th month of gestation was 23.5 kg, which was quite small compared with normal fetuses in previous reports. Ir-PRL was detected in placental homogenates, and immunolocalization was observed in trophoblasts in both the African and Asian elephants, indicating that the placenta is the source of ir-PRL during pregnancy in elephants. The present results clearly demonstrated that circulating ir-PRL shows a biphasic pattern during normal pregnancy and that the placenta appears to be an important source of circulating ir-PRL during pregnancy in both African and Asian elephants.

著者

Rasoul KOWSAR Nina HAMBRUCH Jinghui LIU Takashi SHIMIZU Christiane PFARRER Akio MIYAMOTO

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2013-036, (Released:2013-06-21)

被引用文献数

12 38

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This study aimed to investigate the role of epithelial cells in regulating innate immunity in bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) culture. We studied the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its interaction with ovarian steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) at concentrations observed during the preovulatory period on immune responses in BOEC culture. Immunohistochemistry of oviduct tissue showed intensive expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and TLR-2 in epithelial cells. A dose of 10 ng/ml LPS stimulated TLR-4, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor A (NFKBIA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression, indicating an early pro-inflammatory response. A dose of 100 ng/ml LPS did not induce expression of these genes but stimulated TLR-2, IL-10, IL-4 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and PGE2 secretion, indicating an anti-inflammatory response. Ovarian steroids and LH completely block LPS (10 ng/ml)-induced TLR-4, IL-1β and TNF-α expression as well as LPS (100 ng/ml)-induced TLR-2 expression. Taken together, this study suggests the existence of an early signaling system to respond to infection in the BOEC. In addition, ovarian steroids and LH may play a critical role in inducing homeostasis and in controlling hyperactive pro-inflammatory responses detrimental to epithelial cells, sperm and the embryo.

著者

Wichai CHERDSHEWASART Yosaporn KITSAMAI Suchinda MALAIVIJITNOND

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0701160049-0701160049, (Released:2007-01-17)

被引用文献数

26 34

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the estrogenic activity of tuberous samples of phytoestrogen-rich Pueraria mirifica collected from 25 of 76 provinces in Thailand by vaginal cornification assay. Tuberous powders were prepared and administered to ovariectomized rats for 14 consecutive days at dosages of 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg BW respectively, and were compared with a daily treatment with 200 μg/100 g BW 17β-estradiol (E2). Rats treated with 10 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica showed no vaginal cornification. Treatment with 100 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica from 13 out of 25 plant samples resulted in development of vaginal cornification. The cell count percentages of the vaginal smeared cells for the treatment with the 2 plant samples that exhibited the fastest vaginal cornification revealed large variation in their estrogenic activities. Treatment with 1,000 mg/kg BW Pueraria mirifica from all plant samples produced vaginal cornification with the mean value for the period (day) of first appearance of cornified cells being 4.08 days compared to 2 days with 200 μg/100g BW E2. The overall appearance period (day) of cornified cells during the treatment and post-treatment period with 1,000 mg/kg BW per day Pueraria mirifica was shorter than treatment with 200 μg/100 g BW E2. The results demonstrate that the plant population shows differential estrogenic activity as evaluated by vaginal cornification assay.