著者
吉村 麻美 塚谷 裕一
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.60-66, 2013
参考文献数
19

ROTUNDIFOLIA4 (ROT4) is a peptide unique to land plants. Angiosperm species have more than 10 paralogs (RTFL/DVLs) in their genome and the high redundancy is an obstacle to know the detailed function of this peptide family. The discovery of this peptide family was based on two indepdendent activation-tagging screenings in Arabidopsis thaliana for two different aims. First it was thought that the RTFL/DVL is involved in cell proliferative activity along the longitudinal axis of leaves because the over-expression of the members of RTFL/DVL causes stunted leaves. Our recent detailed analysis suggested that the ROT4 is involved in determination of longitudinal positional cues in lateral organs/tissues. Curiously, GFP-fused version of the ROT4 is localized on the plasma membrane, although the ROT4 itself has no special known motif. Here we overview the history of our understanding of the enigmatic RTFL/DVL family.

1 0 0 0 OA 接ぎ木の生理

著者
尾形 凡生
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.131-138, 2005-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
59
被引用文献数
1
著者
上田 実
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.1-9, 2014-05-30 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
74

Chemical aspects of the circadian leaf movement known as nyctinasty are discussed in this article. Each of nyctinastic plants of five different genera so far examined contained a pair of factors, one of which induces leaf closure and another induces leaf opening. The relative contents of the closing and opening factors changed correlating with the nyctinastic leaf movement. We focused on the leaf-closing chemical factor, jasmonic acid glucoside (JAG), for bioorganic studies on nyctinasty in Samanea saman. Use of fluorescence-labeled and photoaffinity-labeled factors revealed that JAG targeted extensor motor cells in pulvinus and bound to a membrane target protein on the cells. Another function of JAG as a trap-closing chemical factor of Dionaea muscipula is also described.
著者
山内 靖雄
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.143-148, 2014-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

Environmental stresses often cause serious damages to plants, and many cases of environmental stresses are accompanied by oxidative stress derived from overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chloroplasts under oxidative stress, stimulated peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by ROS generates reactive carbonyls that can act as toxic and signaling chemicals, RSLVs (Reactive Short-chain Leaf Volatiles). In this note, mechanism of production of reactive carbonyls and their physiological roles in environmental stress response are discussed.
著者
来須 孝光 林 晃之 朽津 和幸
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.121-129, 2007
参考文献数
68

植物ホルモン,病原体の感染,環境ストレスなどに対する植物の応答過程では,さまざまな刺激により細胞外やオルガネラ(細胞内Ca^<2+>ストア)から細胞質中へのCa^<2+>動員が誘導され,二次メッセンジャーとして細胞内シグナル伝達系において中心的な役割を果たす.この際,それぞれの刺激に特有の細胞質Ca^<2+>濃度変化の時間的・空間的パターンが情報の識別に重要と考えられているが,パターンの形成に関与するCa^<2+>動員に関与する分子やその調節機構は,長く謎に包まれていた.最近になって,細胞膜や液胞膜に存在するCa^<2+>チャネル遺伝子が同定され始め,Ca^<2+>動員制御の分子機構の研究が本格的に開始されつつある.本稿では,最近同定された植物のさまざまな種類のCa^<2+>チャネル分子について概説すると共に,アブシジン酸,感染シグナル(エリシター),機械刺激などの刺激を例に取り,ストレス応答シグナル伝達系の初期過程における細胞内のCa^<2+>の動態とその制御機構について解説する.
著者
草野 友延
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.144-149, 2015-12-21 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
52

Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic compounds with low molecular masses. The major PAs are the diamine putrescine, the triamine spermidine, and the tetraamines, spermine and thermospermine in plants. PAs play crucial roles not only in growth, development and longevity but also in adaptive responses against abiotic and biotic stresses. In the last decade information on plant PAs has been accumulated. Here I summarize the current state of knowledge, with a focus on polyamine synthesis and catabolism pathways, and introduce the evidence that putrescine and spermidine are essential for plant growth. Lastly I describe that all the Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants which are involved in thermospermine metabolism display growth defect. Therefore I further discuss the importance of thermospermine homeostasis in this organism.
著者
鮫島 啓彰
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.1, pp.87-89, 2015-05-29 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
11

The root-parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is a major biotic constraint to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. Striga seeds germinate only when exposed to host root-derived stimulants, strigolactones (SLs). Induction of Striga germination in the absence of host plants, suicidal germination, is an attractive approach to control the parasite. However, limited studies are available on demonstration of the approach using synthetic SL analogues under field conditions. Using an active synthetic analogue, a carbamate designated as T-010, which was easy in preparation, the practicality of suicidal germination in combating Striga was demonstrated under field conditions.
著者
土屋 雄一朗
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.63-69, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)
参考文献数
22

A parasitic plant Striga hermonthica has been causing huge damages to crop productions in African countries. A feasible method to prevent Striga infestation is to manipulate the host-parasite interaction by small molecules. Plant hormone strigolactones have been attractive targets since their first discovery as host-derived germination stimulants for Striga, although how Striga seeds sense strigolactones have long been unknown. Recent discovery of strigolactone receptors in Striga unveiled unique mechanism of strigolactone perceptions, and raises a hope to develop herbicides through rational design of small molecules. Here I review recent state of strigolactone research in Striga.
著者
上田 実 中村 葉子 岡田 正弘
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.1, pp.61-71, 2008-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
46

植物の運動に関する研究は,ダーウィン以来の長い歴史を持つ研究である.我々は,多くの運動のなかで,特に植物の就眠運動と食虫植物ハエトリソウの捕虫運動の有機化学的研究を行ってきた.これまでに, 5種の植物から就眠運動をコントロールする就眠・覚醒物質が単離・構造決定された.これらの作用機構解明を目指し,機能性分子プローブを開発した.光学活性な就眠物質の両鏡像体を用いるエナンチオ・ディファレンシャル分子プローブ法によって,運動細胞膜画分に,就眠物質の立体化学を認識する膜タンパク質が存在することがわかった.また,ハエトリソウが虫を捕らえる運動は,捕虫葉にある感覚毛に30秒以内に2回の刺激を受ける必要があり,一回の刺激では決して運動は起こらない.これは高等植物の「記憶」現象とも言うべき現象である.最近,この「記憶」現象に関与する生理活性物質が発見された.「記憶」は,複数回の刺激によって活性物質が段階的に分泌されることで説明できると推定される.
著者
中山 真義
出版者
一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.1, pp.85-93, 2009-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
29

花の模様は多く場合,アントシアニン色素の生合成活性が花弁上の位置によって異なることによって形成される.花の模様は,アントシアニンの生合成に関わる遺伝子のみを対象とした,組織分化の極めて単純な系である.従って組織分化を導く「自立的な」,「部位特異的な」,遺伝子の活性化・不活性化の機構を解明するための,極めて優れた研究対象である.花の模様は多様であり,境界領域を形成する細胞の色の変化にも様々な違いが認められる.星型や覆輪型など品種として安定して発現する模様の形成には,内生的な転写後抑制が関与していることが示されつつある.一方で,不規則に発現する模様の形成にはトランスポゾンが関与していることが理解されつつある.模様を変化させる環境条件や化合物についての情報も得られており,これらは模様の形成機構を解明するための有力な手がかりになると期待される.
著者
新屋 友規 渋谷 直人
出版者
一般社団法人植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.1, pp.76-82, 2015-05-29 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
38

Plants evolved a multilayered immune system against pathogenic microbes and insect herbivores. Plant cell wall and apoplast consist an essential component of this immune system as the first line of defense, where plant cells contact with these invaders. Plant immune responses can be triggered by the recognition of conserved microbial signature called MAMP (Microbe-associated molecular pattern) at the apoplastic region. In the plant immune system, plant cell wall can function as a barrier against invasion and also a sensor for pathogen attack. Alteration of cell wall integrity and the generation of cell wall-derived fragments are both considered to induce plant immune responses. These MAMPs and damage signals (including DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns) trigger the generation of anti-microbial compounds in the apoplastic region and the reinforcement of the cell wall. On the other hand, pathogenic microbes evolved effector systems to inhibit/escape from the host defense machinery and surveillance system. These battles at the molecular level between plants and microbes often take place in the apoplast. It has also been becoming clear that the plant cell walls are involved in the detection of and defense responses against insect herbivores. Thus plant cell wall and apoplast are not only important as the battle field where host plants and invading organisms compete for the detection and defense responses but also important as a sensor and barrier for these invaders.
著者
札埜 高志
出版者
一般社団法人植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.114-119, 2012-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
32

Inflorescence characterized by clusters of florets, rather than simple flowers, is often used as cut flowers. The number of florets and the shape of inflorescence have a significant impact on the quality and price of cut flowers, and therefore, controlling these characters is crucial in cut flower production. The mechanism of inflorescence architecture development appears to intricately change depending on the hereditary factors and cultivation conditions, but it has some regularity, too. In this paper, it is explained that the mechanism of inflorescence architecture development for the purpose of stable production of cut flowers, especially of Gypsophila paniculata using a term of "regularity" as a keyword.
著者
秋山 遼太 中安 大 梅基 直行 村中 俊哉 水谷 正治
出版者
一般社団法人植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.92-98, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)
参考文献数
33

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in Solanaceae. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. Several biosynthetic genes including SSR2 and two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP72A188 and CYP72A208) have been identified, and the transgenic potato plants silencing these biosynthetic genes showed SGA-reduced phenotypes. Here we summarize our recent results and strategy towards metabolic engineering of potato accumulating pharmaceutically useful compounds by genome editing. CYP88B1, which is involved in a later step of the SGA biosynthetic pathway with unknown catalytic function, is co-ordinately expressed with the SGA biosynthetic genes. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockout potato CYP88B1. The CYP88B1-knockout potatoes showed no accumulation of SGAs, and furthermore the corresponding amounts of steroidal saponins were accumulated in the knockout potatoes.
著者
尾形 善之 鈴木 秀幸
出版者
一般社団法人植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.117-122, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)
参考文献数
13

Since the decoding of Arabidopsis genome, big data of plant genes have been accumulated in public data bank and the expression of these genes have been analyzed. By revealing relationships between the genes, co-expressed genes can be detected and thus, knowledge on the functionality of the genes can be obtained. To reveal such relationships, we have developed ConfeitoGUIplus that is a toolkit to detect relationships between elements based on network analysis. Here, we summarize the way to use this toolkit and introduce several examples of Arabidopsis gene expression datasets by focusing Myb transcription factors. ConfeitoGUIplus can be used not only for gene expression but also for other datasets such as the accumulation of metabolites. Although the present version of ConfeitoGUIplus only accepts a two-dimensional matrix containing elements and variates, in the near future, a correlation matrix such as relationships in gene homology and in molecular structure of metabolites will be acceptable to the toolkit.
著者
水谷 正治
出版者
植物化学調節学会
雑誌
植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.1, pp.67-82, 2005-05-27
被引用文献数
3