著者

松村 博行

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.166-172, 2001-11-30 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

37

著者

豊田 正嗣

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.146-151, 2018 (Released:2018-12-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

Unlike animals, plants do not possess the central nervous system, but they can immediately sense local environmental stresses, such as mechanical wounding and herbivore attack, propagate this information throughout the plant body and activate systemic defence responses in distant organs. However, the molecular machinery underlying such rapid sensory and systemic signal transduction is poorly understood. Using genetically-encoded calcium ion (Ca2+) and glutamic acid (Glu) indicators and a highly-sensitive wide-field fluorescence microscope, we have visualized the plant-wide spatial and temporal dynamics of cytosolic Ca2+ and apoplastic Glu levels in response to wounding in Arabidopsis leaves. Here, we show that glutamate is a wound signal in plants that is leaked to the apoplastic region from damaged cells/tissues. The GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE (GLR) family of Ca2+-permeable channels act as sensors that convert this damage-associated signal into an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. This Ca2+ signal propagates throughout the entire plant via the plant-specific tissue/structure, phloem and plasmodesmata, and preemptively activates resistance responses in the distant undamaged organs.

著者

青木 考

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.125-132, 2015-12-21 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

59

---

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been regarded as a model of plants that bear fleshy fruits, and of plants belonging to Solanaceae family. Various resources have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying control of fruit quality as well as quantity, and also to elucidate how genomic diversity links to phenotypic diversity. The tomato reference genome sequence published in 2012 uncovered the evolutionary history of tomato genome which conferred functional diversity to tomato genes. Availability of various tomato variety has huge potential to elucidate the correlation between DNA sequence and phenotype in high resolution by comparative genome analysis. In this mini-review, I will first overview what we have learned from the tomato genome sequencing followed by a deluge of genome resequencing. In the second part, I will briefly refer to the post-genome perspectives in tomato research, with a specific focus on the use of tomato plant in the development of New Plant Breeding Techniques.

著者

来須 孝光 林 晃之 朽津 和幸

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.121-129, 2007-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

68

---

植物ホルモン,病原体の感染,環境ストレスなどに対する植物の応答過程では,さまざまな刺激により細胞外やオルガネラ(細胞内Ca^<2+>ストア)から細胞質中へのCa^<2+>動員が誘導され,二次メッセンジャーとして細胞内シグナル伝達系において中心的な役割を果たす.この際,それぞれの刺激に特有の細胞質Ca^<2+>濃度変化の時間的・空間的パターンが情報の識別に重要と考えられているが,パターンの形成に関与するCa^<2+>動員に関与する分子やその調節機構は,長く謎に包まれていた.最近になって,細胞膜や液胞膜に存在するCa^<2+>チャネル遺伝子が同定され始め,Ca^<2+>動員制御の分子機構の研究が本格的に開始されつつある.本稿では,最近同定された植物のさまざまな種類のCa^<2+>チャネル分子について概説すると共に,アブシジン酸,感染シグナル(エリシター),機械刺激などの刺激を例に取り,ストレス応答シグナル伝達系の初期過程における細胞内のCa^<2+>の動態とその制御機構について解説する.

著者

水谷 正治

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.67-82, 2005-05-27 (Released:2017-09-29)

被引用文献数

1

著者

大西 利幸

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.99-105, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

34

---

Plants have the ability to synthesize and emit a diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may act as aroma and flavor molecules in response to insect herbivores, mechanical wounding, and attraction of pollinators. Plants also have the capacity to accumulate the VOCs into plant itself. Several plant species morphologically develop specialized glandular trichomes to store VOCs which are released in response to tissue damage for chemical defense such as inhibiting microbial growth or deterring herbivores. Glycosylation is another machinery for safely storing VOCs into normal cells. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) stores VOCs with glycosylation in tea leaves, mainly conjugated to β-primeverosides, the most abundant form of aroma diglycosides in C. sinensis. Here, we introduced two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from C. sinensis, UGT85K11 (CsGT1) and UGT94P1 (CsGT2), converting VOCs into β-primeverosides by sequential glucosylation and xylosylation, respectively. This information can be used to preserve tea aroma better during the manufacturing process and to investigate the mechanism of plant chemical defenses.

著者

河岸 洋和

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.78-84, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

18

---

2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX, 1) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA, 2) were isolated from a fairy-ring forming fungus Lepista sordida. AHX was converted into a metabolite, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH, 3), in plants. Afterward, it turned out that these three compounds, fairy chemicals (FCs), endogenously exist in plants and are biosynthesized via a new purine metabolic pathway. FCs gave tolerance to various stresses to plants and regulated growth of all the plants tested. Furthermore, some metabolites of FCs were found. In addition, FCs increased the yields of rice, wheat and other crops in green-house and/or field experiments.

著者

秋山 康紀 林 英雄

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.141-149, 2006-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1

著者

大久保 直美

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.60-65, 2018 (Released:2018-06-22)

参考文献数

6

---

Oriental hybrid lily flowers have a nice fragrance. Especially in a confined space, however, the scent can be perceived as too strong and therefore unpleasant. Lilium cv. ‘Casa Blanca’, a typical oriental hybrid cultivar, has a large pure-white flower with strong smell. We clarified that the compounds responsible for the strong fragrance of ‘Casa Blanca’ are aromatics. We succeeded in decreasing the emissions of scent compounds and made the fragrance milder throughout the period of use as an ornamental by application of an inhibitor of PAL. Here I introduce the characteristics of floral scents, the scent suppression method of lily and the outline of development of fragrance suppressor for ornamental flower.

著者

児玉 豊

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.44-48, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

参考文献数

12

---

Chloroplasts change their intracellular position in response to environmental alterations. What is being most studied is the relocation induced by light. For example, chloroplasts move towards weak light, maximizing photosynthesis. However, when ambient temperature decreases, chloroplasts escape from the weak light. We call the cold-induced phenomenon “the chloroplast cold-avoidance response”. In this review, I would like to summarize the findings on the chloroplast cold-avoidance response during the past over 100 years, and also propose a new hypothesis on biological thermosensing.

著者

豊田 正嗣

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.70-73, 2020 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

5

著者

秋山 遼太 中安 大 梅基 直行 村中 俊哉 水谷 正治

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.92-98, 2017

---

<p>Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in Solanaceae. Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. Several biosynthetic genes including <i>SSR2</i> and two cytochrome P450 genes (<i>CYP72A188</i> and <i>CYP72A208</i>) have been identified, and the transgenic potato plants silencing these biosynthetic genes showed SGA-reduced phenotypes. Here we summarize our recent results and strategy towards metabolic engineering of potato accumulating pharmaceutically useful compounds by genome editing. <i>CYP88B1</i>, which is involved in a later step of the SGA biosynthetic pathway with unknown catalytic function, is co-ordinately expressed with the SGA biosynthetic genes. We applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockout potato <i>CYP88B1</i>. The <i>CYP88B1</i>-knockout potatoes showed no accumulation of SGAs, and furthermore the corresponding amounts of steroidal saponins were accumulated in the knockout potatoes.</p>

著者

朽名 夏麿 長谷川 淳子 松永 幸大

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.104-111, 2014-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

38

---

Live imaging was brought about by recent development of fluorescent proteins and innovation of imaging systems. Dynamic analyses of organelle through live imaging reveal the subcellular dynamic function and the spatiotemporally four-dimensional structure. At the same time, quantitative analyses in addition to qualitative analyses become more important in analyses of the huge imaging data. Thus, we introduce our recent works in live imaging of mitochondria, nuclei, vacuolar membrane, and actin filaments in plant cells with our observation skills. Moreover, quantitative analyses of live imaging data were classified into three categories, number, morphology and distribution, three dimensional shape or dynamics. We review these three quantitative analyses.

著者

岡本 龍史 戸田 絵梨香 加藤 紀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.52-56, 2020 (Released:2021-07-01)

参考文献数

29

---

Technology involving the targeted mutagenesis of plants using programmable nucleases has been developing rapidly and has enormous potential in next-generation plant breeding. Its application has been hindered in many cases, however, due to technical hurdles, such as the low delivery rate of macromolecules into plant cells or tissues and difficulties in plant transformation and regeneration. Here, we report a genome-editing system via PEG-Ca2+-mediated transfection of rice zygotes, produced by in vitro fertilization of isolated rice gametes. Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes(RNPs), were transfected into zygotes, resulting in the regeneration of plants with a high frequency of targeted mutations, in the range of 14-64%. This novel and efficient plant genome-editing system has enormous potential for the improvement of rice, as well as other important crop species.

著者

山根 久和 横田 孝雄 浅見 忠男

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.79-92, 2013-05-31 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

103

---

Plant hormones regulate various aspects of the growth and development of plants. Perception and signaling of plant hormones are highly sophisticated, but have been increasingly clarified by biochemical and molecular techniques. Recently, chemical genetics is becoming a more powerful approach to elucidate hormone actions, where plant hormone agonists and antagonists as well as biosynthesis inhibitors are utilized. In this review, we give an overview of plant hormone agonists and antagonists which have been or can be used for elucidation of plant hormone actions. Some successful chemical genetic studies are also introduced.

著者

葛西 厚史 原田 竹雄 山崎 宗郎 田部井 豊 赤田 辰治

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.71-76, 2019

---

<p>The plant phloem system transports both essential nutrients and long-distance signaling agents. Recent transcriptomics studies and grafting experiments have demonstrated that several thousand mRNAs and various small noncoding RNAs are moved over long-distances via the phloem. Therefore, by using grafting, it is possible to deliver artificial RNAs which are derived from a designed DNA construct in the transgenic plant into the graft partner plant, and to induce heritable TGS (transcriptional gene silencing) via RdDM (RNA directed DNA Methylation). We developed an epigenome editing system of an endogenous gene of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>). We address potential function of siRNA(small interfering RNA) in grafting system with respect to epigenetic breeding.</p>

著者

吉田 理一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.26-32, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

---

Amino acids, an essential component that constitutes proteins in vivo, are also known to play as a signaling molecule that regulates various physiological functions in the living organism. Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated channels that specifically transmit amino acid signals in the central nervous system. Surprisingly, homologs of iGluRs, known as glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs), were also found in higher plant genomes. However, their physiological roles or molecular functions are still obscure. Here, I review the latest research of plant GLRs and discuss their roles in plant signaling including environmental adaptation and cell-to-cell communications.

著者

野田 尚信

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.33-38, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

参考文献数

45

---

Various studies on flavonoid pigments related to the color development of blue flowers and their biosynthetic genes have been conducted for over 100 years. Today, molecular breeding of blue flowers has become possible via the genetic manipulation of the pigment biosynthetic pathway present in some flowers. Recently, blue transgenic chrysanthemums have been successfully generated by synthesizing artificial anthocyanins that interact with endogenous flavonoids. In this review, I will describe and discuss the recent advances in blue-flower color breeding and the blue coloration mechanisms that help generate blue transgenic chrysanthemums.

著者

宮澤 日子太 山谷 紘子 川口 正代司

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.120-127, 2011-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

64

---

In the endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia, legume plants form lateral organs called nodules on their roots. Although this symbiosis gives legumes an advantage in surviving on the land with limited nitrogen, nodule development associated with cell division and nitrogen-fixation cost appreciable amounts of morphological and metabolic energy. To keep the balance of symbiosis and homeostasis, the number of nodules is regulated by host plants. Nodules developed at early stage suppress nodule formation at later stage. This systemic negative regulation of nodule formation has been termed autoregulation of nodulation (AON). One of most important mechanisms of AON involves long-distance signaling via shoot-functioning receptor-like kinases and proteins (RLKs and RLPs) such as HAR1, KLV and LjCLV2 in Lotus japonicus, SUNN in Medicago truncatula, NARK in Glycine max, and SYM29, PsCLV2 in Pea sativum. These RLKs and RLPs have high homologies with other RLKs that regulate stem cell proliferation in shoot apical meristem in non-legume plants, indicating similarity and functional divergence of molecular mechanisms between the regulation of nodulation in legumes and the regulation of shoot apical meristem in non-legume plants. Based on recent studies, the following model is proposed to explain AON. First, several CLE peptides are induced by rhizobial infection or nitrogen compounds and function as root-derived signals (RDS). RDSs are transported to shoot and perceived by shoot-functioning RLKs and RLPs. Then the signals are converted into shoot-derived signals (SDS) and SDSs are in turn transported to root to suppress further nodulation.

著者

富-横谷 香織 茂理 保平 加藤 貴子 岩科 司 長谷川 宏司

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.220, 2002-12-02 (Released:2017-09-29)