著者

今野 彰

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.335-344, 2003 (Released:2003-12-30)

参考文献数

2

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H-II launch vehicle, the large Japanese launcher placing a 4000kg class satellite into GTO, failed in the two flights of No. 5 and No. 8, after the successful 29 flights from N-I to H-II. Both failures were caused by malfunction of the cryogenic engine, the second stage engine LE-5A or first stage engine LE-7, respectively. The incidents, the causes, and the corrective actions of these failures are reported in detail in this paper. The failures brought us the precious experiences and a lot of lessons and learn. Important lessons are related with small amount of products such as a launch vehicle, which happen to fail for uneven quality by handcraft. To solve this problem, it is noted that critical manufacturing process should be distinguished to control very important characteristics of products, and that all specifications on critical processes should be determined on well-grounded technical data. In development phase, the design margin of important characteristics should be assured by testing the varied nature within defined specifications. H-IIA flew successfully in its maiden flight on August 29, 2001 to put LRE (laser Ranging Experiment) into GTO precisely. The author believes that this success results from great efforts of many engineers and researchers who learned the precious lessons of H-II failures. Rocket technology will make progress to be matured by a lot of lessons and learn from failure.

著者

臼井 俊央 齊藤 文一 田村 英樹 橋口 拓泰

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.60-68, 2004 (Released:2004-08-31)

参考文献数

8

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Ballistic impact tests were conducted on intermediate purity titanium plate and Ti-6pctAl-4pctV-ELI alloy plate and newly developed Ti-Fe-O-N alloy plate using ogive-shaped projectile with 7. 62mm diameter to study relation between the fracture mechanisms and adiabatic shear band formation The plugging process was dominated by adiabatic shear deformation in localized bands. Selected data and optical micrographs relating to the adiabatic shear band formation, the variation of depth of penetration and ballistic limit velocity were presented. The fracture mechanisms associated with the shear localization and fracture process changed from bulging failure to plugging failure by a shocked pressure increase. The results showed the differences of the fracture mechanisms between two high strength titanium alloys are responsible for significant differences in the elongation of their mechanical property and in the evolution of shear band patterns It also showed evidence of the long shear band connected from the shocked surface to the bulging region was found in all target plates, but evidence of the long cracks connected did not be found in all target plates at impact velocity just near below each ballistic limits

著者

福田 忠生 尾崎 公一 山部 匡央 飯坂 元哉 早川 悌二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.118-123, 2011-05-25 (Released:2012-01-13)

参考文献数

7

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The structural behaviors and strength of actual pressure PET bottle have been investigated, mainly by experimental measurements under internal pressure. First, tensile tests of PET resin material for PET bottle were carried out in order to obtain the fundamental tensile properties and the stress-strain diagram. Then, the mechanical behaviors of PET bottle were found by strain measurements under internal pressures. Finally, burst tests were conducted for 21 PET bottles. In the present burst tests, resulted magnitudes of burst pressures were not so much scattered, within the range of 1. 9∼2. 3 MPa. Fractured shapes of bottles by bursting would be categorized in three kinds of I, L, X types. For trial, burst pressure evaluation for the bottle were made by applying the theoretical analysis of N. L. Svensson. The calculated bursting pressure and radial deflection were numerically near the experimental values. However, in further investigation for more rigorous solutions, the following items are to be studied: (1)The material properties including stress-strain diagram for the actual bi-axially oriented PET bottle itself formed by blow molding, not only PET resin material. (2)The development of analytical approach for large deformation to the range of bursting.

著者

西田 隆仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.60-72, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-04-29)

参考文献数

48

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Gaskets have been used widely in bolted flange connections in the various plants such as chemical, petroleum refining, petrochemical, power generation and so on. The prototype of gaskets had started to use in 19 century and gaskets have improved and developed for applying severe specifications conditions in a lot of industries. The role of gaskets is to prevent leakage of inner fluid from the interfaces of connections. Asbestos gaskets have been used for a long time, however, in 1980"asbestos have replaced to non-asbestos materials in the US and Europe because asbestos have affected the human health. In Japan, the new use of asbestos gaskets was completely prohibited in 2012. In the present article, the history of gaskets is described. Recently, from the environmental regulation, the quantitative measurement of a leakage has been necessary in the bolted flange connections. Thus, the higher sealing technology is needed for satisfying the severe conditions. An overview of the recent researches and trend for designing bolted flange connections are described.

著者

吉田 聖一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.31-41, 2017-01-25 (Released:2017-03-04)

参考文献数

5

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On April 17, 2013, a fire and explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company in West, Texas, USA. The violent detonation killed 15 emergency responders and residents and injured more than 260 people. The U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) released the report on the cause of this incident. The presence of combustible materials used for construction of the fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate storage facility contributed to the progression and intensity of the fire and resulted in the detonation. This paper describes the incident based on the CSB report.

著者

高井 研

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.137-147, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

参考文献数

39

---

It is more than 60 years since certain microbial populations were first discovered in deep-sea environments such as abyssal and hadal zones (>4000m) of ocean. According to the development of deep-sea technology and various sampling tools, the microbiological explorations have renewed our view of deep-sea microbial ecosystems: it was previously considered to be the static habitats and communities composed of minor extremophilic and long-surviving populations successively from the surface and overlying ocean environments while it is being recognized as the dynamic habitats and communities composed of genetically diverse and functionally active populations responding to variable oceanographic, geological and geochemical events and impacts. The most outstanding examples are discoveries of dark energy ecosystems in the deep-sea and subseafloor environments, represented by various types of chemosynthetic microbial communities completely independent of photosynthetic production in the deep-sea hydrothermal systems, an enormous biomass and diversity of deep subseafloor microbial communities beneath the global oceanfloor, and unique hadal biosphere at great depths of >6000m in ultradeep trenches. The findings have revolutionized our understanding of limits of life and biosphere and the origin and early evolution of life in the Earth. Even very recently, the previously unknown microbial ecosystem has been being found in the deep-sea and subseafloor environments. I can be proud that Japanese deep-sea exploration techniques and microbiologists have greatly contributed to these findings. In this article, the brief history and recent advance are reviewed.

著者

珠久 正憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.20-29, 1990-01-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

8

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Floating oil storage system has recently been realized at Aokata Bay Area, Kamigotocho, Nagasaki, Japan.The system, which is a kind of offshore storage and suited to Japanese conditions, was proposed and developed as a new method for stockpiling emergency oil reserves since 1974.The system consists mainly of five (5) oil storage barges capable of holding abt. 880, 000kl (Total amount abt. 4.4 million kl) of crude oil, mooring dolphins, and other facilities.This paper describes special features of the oil storage barge and its mooring system.

著者

佐藤 拓哉 木曽 朋顕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.334-345, 2010-11-25 (Released:2011-01-07)

参考文献数

17

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Pressure tests of pressure vessels and piping involve the potential danger of brittle fracture. Especially, pneumatic pressure tests involve the hazard of releasing energy stored in compressed gas. Engineers and designers relating to the pressure facilities have been taking care to minimize the chance of fracture during the pressure tests. The care must be taken into account in materials selection, design, welding and heat treatment, inspection and test procedure. However, the fracture accident could not be eradicated for a long time. Sometimes, this resulted in a fatal accident. It is important to wake the best effort to prevent the accident itself. Considering the difficulty of eradication of the accident, it is also important to protect the human lives during pressure tests. In this paper, several improvements were proposed in order to protect the human lives. The main points are the selection of test method (hydrostatic or pneumatic?) , pressure measurement, inspection during pressure test and exclusion zone. Some of these require the revision of laws, codes or standards.

著者

小口 醇 信木 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.35-40, 1977-01-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

32

著者

上原 陽一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.252-263, 2003 (Released:2003-11-11)

参考文献数

12

著者

田代 省三

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.129-136, 2019 (Released:2019-06-26)

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The Shinkai 6500, which boasted the deepest submergence vehicle in the world at her completion, is the culmination of Japanese submarines. The Shinkai 6500 has dives more than 1, 500 times after completion in 1989. I will mainly introduce the structure and performance of the Shinkai 6500, especially the structure against water pressure.

著者

相馬 隆雄 沢岡 昭 斎藤 進六

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, pp.241-248, 1973-09-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

34

著者

南雲 道彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.190-199, 2008-07-25 (Released:2008-09-19)

参考文献数

18

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The function of hydrogen in the embrittlement of steels has been examined with respect to plasticity involved in the fracture process. Fractographic features and effects of stress state on the hydrogen embrittlement indicate promoted crack formation by hydrogen associated with strain localization. Hydrogen also enhances the creation of vacancy-type defects during plastic deformation, and correlations are shown between the density of strain-induced vacancies and the susceptibility to the hydrogen embrittlement. Analyses of the role of hydrogen in the fracture process have shown that hydrogen promotes the initiation of micro-cracks and reduces the resistance to the successive crack growth, being originated in vacancy formation. Interrelations between hydrogen effects in fatigue and delayed fracture have been shown, supporting the common effects of hydrogen through enhanced creation of vacancies. Various models of the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement have been briefly and critically reviewed. Characteristic features of hydrogen embrittlement are the best explained with the hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancies model that claims the primary role of vacancies rather than hydrogen itself in the embrittlement.

著者

山中 啓司 菊池 務

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.136-141, 2018-05-25 (Released:2018-06-28)

参考文献数

14

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After tightening a bolt, technical knowledge on how far the thread of the bolt should protrude from the nut is not organized. Therefore, in addition to the surveys of existing standards, surveys were conducted in consideration of thread strength at bolt tightening, sealing performance of flange joints, and corrosion. As a result, it was found that the protruding length of the screw thread of the bolt had little influence on the strength of the screw and the sealing performance of the flange joint. However, if it is below flush with nut face, there is a possibility of promoting corrosion by dust and moisture, so one or more protrusion lengths may be required.

著者

高橋 尚志 黒部 明 浅田 和雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.190-199, 1992-07-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

10

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This paper describes an outline of computer simulation techniques for material failuers under a High Velocity Impact Phenomena.Basic equations are solved by finite difference method and material models are taken into onsideration of strain rate effect, thermal softning effect, Tillotson's state equation for thermodynanic effect and espcially Mescall's failure criteria.We are justified for this techniques that are very effective, becase we compared calculation results with experimental ones and confirmed that both are good fitable.

著者

加賀 精一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.143-150, 1976-05-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

5

著者

亀井 浅道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.20-28, 1991-01-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

2

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In order to prevent leakage accidents in a oil storage tank, it is important to be acquainted with the state of deterioration. Unless the tank is maintained properly, estimation of the life may be indispensable to avoid accidents. In this paper, the life is defined as time necessary for a deepest corrosion pit on a steel plate to penetrate through the thickness.Method to predict the life are shown on the bases of statistics. Some data on corrosion rate of bottom plates are reviewed and a new interpretation about scattered values appeared in such data is introduced, which will be useful to estimate the reliability of predicted life. Extremal statistics is also reviewed to estimate the maximum corrosion depth on the outer surface of bottm plate and an usage of double exponential distribution is shown in an example for life prediction.

著者

川原 睦人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.151-156, 1974-05-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

14

著者

岩舘 忠雄 田中 泰彦 竹俣 裕行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.286-293, 1985-11-25 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

2

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The high pressure reactors are sometimes autofrettaged to have the life elongated which is based on the highly compressive residual stress near the bore surface. In this study, to evaluate the material degradation based on the autofrettaged strain, the effect of autofrettage on the fracture toughness behavior was investigated using the 3.5% Ni-Cr-Mo-V steels.(1) When the prestrain increases, the fracture toughness decreases, especially in the higher yield strength steel. The decrease of the fracture toughness of the material was observed in the prestrain range larger than 5 percent for the about 1000MPa yield strength steel and than 2 percent for the about 1150 MPa yield strength steel.(2) The material resistance to ductile fracture, that is, tearing modulus TJ decreases in the same prestrain ranges as those of the fracture toughness.(3) However, the autofrettaged material taken out of the actual pressure reactor shows no decrease of the fracture toughness and the tearing modulus which is caused by the small amount of the prestrain, less than about 1 percent even in the 100 percent autofrettaged reactors.

著者

藤井 秀樹 大宮 慎一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会

雑誌

圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.85-94, 2009-03-25 (Released:2009-04-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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To accelerate the construction of hydrogen energy society featuring fuel cell vehicles by enlarging the kinds of materials safely used in hydrogen circumstances in addition to JIS SUS316L, several steels having Ni contents lower than SUS316L and Cr contents equivalent to SUS316L are prepared and their tensile properties in high pressure gaseous hydrogen are investigated at room temperature and -40°C. [Ni]+0. 35[Cr] ([Ni] and [Cr] are their concentrations in mass%) is proposed as an indicator to properly indicate whether hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE) occurs or not in45MPa hydrogen gas at both temperatures. HEE is basically related to strain-induced martensite having bcc crystallographic structure. However, there are some steels which do not exhibit any significant HEE although noticeable amount of martensite phase forms. In this case, HEE mainly occurs at the later stage of deformation just before fracture. Steels containing more than 12mass% Ni including SUS316L do not show HEE if there is not serious segregation of alloying elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo. It is also indicated that SUS316 probably do not show HEE if more than 12mass% Ni is contained. Furthermore, steels having Ni content close to 10mass%, which corresponds to the lower limit of the standard of JIS SUS316 and AISI 316L, have considerably higher resistance against HEE compared to SUS304 based steels although HEE occurs at the late stage of deformation. It may be possible for them to be used in high pressure hydrogen circumstances if temperature range at which they are used is fully taken into account and small level of HEE is acceptable.