著者

佐野 郁夫

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.55-80, 2014-05-30

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This study examines how and why high energy efficiency of Japanese industries was achieved, and why U.S.A. couldn’t as Japan, taking the steel industry as case examples, to find lessons for newly industrializing countries to construct low carbon industrial structure. The largest factor is the difference of modernization of facilities in 1960’s. In U.S.A., despite the market was growing, steel companies didn’t introduce new facilities and technologies, for fear of discounting battle. As another factor, in U.S.A., domestic natural gas was cheap even through oil crisis, therefore, byproduct gases recovery facilities are not pay in present technology level.

著者

望月 貴文

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.289-313, 2022-03-31

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the operational issues of support for settlement in Higashikawa Town by focusing on the “contents of support during the activities of the community-reactivating cooperator squad” of Higashikawa Town and comparing them with the contents of support during the activities of other municipalities that boast a high rate of resettlement, and to contribute to the improvement of the system in Higashikawa Town in the future.

著者

伊藤 敦 丹野 忠晋 櫻井 秀彦 奥村 貴史

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.101-116, 2023-03-31

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Hokkaido faces challenges to the effective implementation of its healthcare infrastructure because of demographic factors such as negative population growth and an aging population, and economic factors, including financial difficulties faced by local governments. Regional healthcare networks have been built to overcome these problems and streamline healthcare delivery. However, the number of registered patients is only 1% of the total population. This study investigated the factors that cause the stagnation of the number of registered patients in the regional healthcare networks in Hokkaido. Our survey identified 46 networks in 21 medical regions. The average ratio of registered patients in Hokkaido was 4.1%, regional healthcare networks in the Sapporo area were dysfunctional. We estimated the factors influencing the ratio. The ratio of networked medical institutions in the region and the dummy variable for their business size were statistically significant for Hokkaido and for the secondary medical areas, excluding the Sapporo medical area. It follows that the number of registered patients in a network could be determined by the ratio of connected medical institutions and the size of their business. The problems could be overcome by exploiting the economy of scale in the networks. Establishing a prefecture-wide network would increase the number of registered patients and lower the overall cost of the networks.

著者

西村 淳

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.119-135, 2020-03-31

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In the study of the social security law the process of social service provision under the contract-based system has not been analyzed legally so far apart from the allocation system. This paper analyzes it and discovers ideal systems and rights by extracting relationship between social work, service and benefit, and administrative decision. The standard process of social work consists of 1) intake, 2) assessment, 3) contract, 4) planning, 5) implementation of plans, 6) monitoring and evaluation due to social welfare studies. This paper uses this framework and extracts the stage which has not been clearly indicated in the legislation, particularly social work. It is important to discuss the ideal systems and rights of social work which is wider than the mere planning and different from the service provision.

著者

厚海 洋幸

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.225-244, 2022-03-31

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There are large regional differences in the total fertility rate. In this paper, we analyzed the factors of regional differences in the total fertility rate for municipalities in Hokkaido. As a result, it was found that the municipalities are characterized by the factors of marriage and the fertility of the couple. Understanding the characteristics of municipalities through such analysis will promote measures against the declining birthrate and policy formation for regional revitalization. It is necessary to improve the system and environment for that purpose.

著者

池 炫周 直美

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.111-124, 2014-05-30

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One of the main objectives of this paper is to examine the Sakhalin Korean repatriates in South Korea and how it exemplifies the politics of inclusion and exclusion and how these are intertwined with one another through interactions and negotiations among different interests and discourse that take place in multi-scale regulatory processes. Sakhalin Koreans moved to Sakhalin as early as the 1920s as subjects of Imperial Japan to work at the coal mines in Sakhalin. Many of them could not return to Japan nor Korea even after the end of the Second World War and many were forced to take North Korean or Soviet (Russian) nationalities. 1989 marked a turning point for the repatriation of Sakhalin Koreans as the South Korean government, in cooperation with the Japanese government, as well as the Japanese and Korean Red Cross, worked together to “bring back” the Sakhalin Koreans to their home. This paper examines the historical background to the Sakhalin Koreans, the repatriation or “return home” policy, how the politics of both inclusion and exclusion affect the Sakhalin Koreans, and the challenges that they face in Korean society today.

著者

高野 伸栄

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1, 2019

著者

高波 千代子

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.291-307, 2013-05-17

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People in Japan can benefit from the healthcare based on a universal public insurance system, while the average length of hospital stay is the longest in advanced countries. Most patients in the long-term care hospitals are the bedridden elderly living on tube feedings. Not only do the majority of the elderly have dementia; they generally have little chance of expressing their own words when they are offered life-prolonging treatments. The elderly may require a terminal care with a palliative approach when they are dying due to the ageing process, that is, not only as a consequence of an incurable disease.

著者

村上 裕一 小磯 修二 関口 麻奈美

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.119-137, 2017-03-31

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This paper is one of the first and most comprehensive studies to investigate the meaning of the Abe II administration’s ‘Local Revitalization Policy’ and to review local governments’ reactions in Hokkaido. Based on our survey of all the local governments in Hokkaido during October and November 2016, this paper concludes that the policy has provided a chance for farsighted governments, especially for those experiencing a sharp decline in young people, to realise the emerging problems of a shrinking society and to work on a solution. However, the policy has also been so sudden and almost arbitrary that the local governments’ respective conventional systems were forced to work hard applying for unwieldy grants and following the detailed directions given by the central government. The results of our survey imply that the Central and local governments in Japan share discretion. The Central government maintains discretion in deciding nationwide policies and provides administrative guidance to the respective local governments, whether big or small and rich or poor, allowing them to formulate policies suitable to their own requirements. This is done while maintaining the Central government’s overall policy design through the use of informational, budgetary, and regulatory tools.

著者

石井 吉春

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.39-57, 2009-03-31

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In the municipality hospital, the deficit that reaches 200 billion yen a year is summed up. Therefore, the reform of management is requested, and the reform is advanced based on "Reform guideline of the public hospital". The population density of north Hokkaido is especially low. Therefore, the municipality hospital bears a basic medical treatment while suffering a deficit. And most hospitals according to "Guideline" are urged by the necessity the number of beds reduction, and the conversion to the clinic. In this research, the medical demand of north Hokkaido is examined, and it searches for the direction of management reforms in the municipality hospital.

著者

松本 勝明

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.127-141, 2015-03-31

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Nationals of EU member countries (EU citizens) have the right to move and reside in other member countries. However, it is permitted for the member countries to attach restrictions and conditions to this right. When nationals of EU member countries move to another member country and reside there, they can generally receive the same social benefits as the citizens of that country. However, to avoid excessive financial burden on member countries, which accept nationals from other member countries, they are not responsible for providing social assistance benefits to jobless nationals of other member nations. In Germany, for example, such people do not receive basic security benefits provided to individuals seeking jobs (Hartz IV benefits). This treatment has become the object of debate. By taking up issues such as this, this paper examines the relationship between human movement that transcends national borders and the receiving of social benefits.

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.3-25, 2015-03-31

著者

村上 裕一

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.143-168, 2015-03-31

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This paper begins by describing the establishment of the Scientific Technical Administration Committee (STAC) in 1948, the Science and Technology Agency (STA) in 1956, and the Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation (CSTI) in 2014 in Japan. These agencies have something in common in that they were somewhat expected to work as governmental ‘control towers (CTs)’ of Japan’s science, technology, and innovation policy, with political leadership in the contemporary Cabinet. Second, this paper shows some of the agencies’ similarities and differences, including the following: (1) they have been initiated and supported mainly by the industrial sector (and the STA would not have been established without a nuclear budget), (2) the STAC and the STA emphasized ‘comprehensive coordination’ as an important part of their mission between related ministries, though the CSTI is expected to be a ‘CT’ or a ‘headquarters’ for the administration to initiate resource distribution or science/technology policy decisions, and (3) the STAC and the STA showed their relatively positive attitudes toward a rather wide range of science/technology policies, though the CSTI is quite passive toward some policies such as research & development of nuclear and medicine, which are in fact directed by other ‘CTs’ or the like. Two hypotheses emerge from the discussion above: the ‘CT’ is a product of the Central Government Ministries Reform (2001); it can cause another authoritative dispute between some ‘CTs’ in the Cabinet Office. These two hypotheses will be tested through further research including the following: (1) investigating the background of the establishment of other ‘CTs’ and their relationships with the political leadership in the Cabinet, (2) analysing that leadership’s impact in the existing administrative system in the bureaucracy, and (3) describing in more detail the STAC, STA, and CSTI’s actual practices regarding their policy coordination/implementation and resource distribution.

著者

鈴木 一人

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.139-158, 2012-03-30

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This article discusses the chronological development of EU's energy security policy and its problems. Because energy security is primarily a responsibility of national governments, the European Union (European Commission in particular) was not able to formulate unified energy policy. But at the same time, due to the lack of natural energy resources, EU member states needed to cooperate in order to increase bargaining power against energy rich regions such as Middle East or Russia. The problem of international negotiation became clear when Russia and Ukraine increased the political tension, and in order to secure supply of natural gas from Russia, EU launched the discussion with Green Paper which resulted the first comprehensive energy policy in 2007. Furthermore, the "Energy 2020", a new policy document suggested the necessity for EU to influence the process of rules- and standard-making to secure the free trade environment for energy resources. However, the division of competence between member states and EU still make it difficult to formulate comprehensive energy policy. Furthermore, dynamic change of international environment such as "Arab Spring" and Russo-Ukraine conflict, and different reactions and interests of member states complicated the EU strategy for energy rich regions. This structural contradiction of EU's energy security policy implies that EU may not be hegemonic power in international arena, but their role as a giant consumer of energy would have a power to shape international energy market.

著者

芝田 文男

出版者

北海道大学公共政策大学院 = Hokkaido University Public Policy School

雑誌

年報 公共政策学 (ISSN:18819818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.58-78, 2007-03-31