著者

久万 楽也

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.126-127, 1965-06-30

著者

浮島 美之 成田 弘子 増井 俊夫 杉井 邦好 鈴木 由利子 奈良 正人

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.216-221, 1984-08-31

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The sale of escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) and castor oil fish (Ruvettus pretiosus) is prohibited in Japan, because their muscles are rich in wax which may cause a food poisoning. The identification of these fishes was therefore investigated by wax analysis. The analytical procedure was as follows : lipids were extracted from fish meats, and the presence of wax in the lipids was examined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The compositions of these waxes were examined by gas chromatography with FID (FID-GC). In order to investigate the composition of higher alcohols included in the waxes, the lipids separated from fishes were saponified and the extracted unsaponifiable matters were subjected to FID-GC after acetylation. The results obtained from the analysis on 28 fish species showed that the lipids of john dory (Zeus faber) in addition to escolar and castor oil fish contained wax. The gas chromtogram of waxes showed that the molecular formular of waxes of escolar and castor oil fish were C_<34>H_<66>O_2,whereas that of john dory was C_<40>H_<76>O_2 as their main ingredient. Furthermore, it was shown that the alcohols of escolar and castor oil fish were of C 16 : 0,whereas that of john dory was of C 22 : 1 as their main ingredient. These results indicate that it is possible to distinguish sale-prohibited fishes from edible fishes by wax analysis, even if they are sliced.

著者

平山 晃久 中田 晴美 渡辺 徹志

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.5, pp.431-436, 1992-10-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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The effect of nicotinamide on 7 kinds of mutagenic alkylating agents was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S9 mix, and its mechanism was studied. The mutagenic potency of alkylating agents other than N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was reduced to less than 50% by the addition of about 50-fold molar ratio of nicotinamide to alkylating agent. The mutagenic potency of MNNG was only reduced to 60-70% by the addition of more than 200-fold molar ratio of nicotinamide. To investigate the mechanism of the suppressive effect of nicotinamide, alkylating agents (1.0 μmol) (methyl methanesulfonate and dimethyl sulfate) were reacted with nicotinamide (1.0 μmol) alone or together with DNA or 5 kinds of nucleotides in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 30°C for 24 h, and the resulting N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) was analyzed by HPLC with fluorometric detection after derivatization. With the addition of DNA (0.2 molar ratio or more), the amount of NMN by methyl methane-sulfonate was reduced to 80% compared with nicotinamide alone, whereas that by dimethyl sulfate was unchanged. With the addition of nucleotides like guanosine-5'-phosphate, the amount of NMN by methyl methanesulfonate was reduced to 75%, whereas no reducing effect was seen by the other 4 nucleotides. The present results strongly suggest that nicotinamide is more easily alkylated than nucleic bases in DNA or nucleotides by methyl methanesulfonate and dimethyl sulfate, and that nicotinamide scavenged alkyl species derived from them, thereby showing a suppressive effect on the mutagenicity of alkylating agents. In MNNG, nicotinamide did not act as des-mutagen in Salmonella assay.

著者

小林 正

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.156-170, 1985-06-30

被引用文献数

4

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It is well known that the antirachitic activity of sunlight is due to the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol as provitamin D_3 to vitamin D_3 via previtamin D_3 in skin exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight (Dorno ray). On the other hand, it is documented that the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D in the plasma is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) of which concentration directly reflects the repletion status of vitamin D nutrition. Therefore, we assayed the concentrations of 25-OH-D_2 and 25-OH-D_3 in the plasma samples obtained from about 1000 subjects including adults, mothers, infants and children. The mean and standard deviation of the assayed values of endogenous 25-OH-D_3 in the plasma of healthy adults was 23.0±10.1 ng/ml, which clearly showed the seasonal variation that the levels in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. On the other hand, the levels of mothers were about two times higher than the respective data of newborn infants and there was a highly significant correlation between mothers and newborns. On the basis of these data, the nutritional problems of vitamin D are discussed in this review.

著者

丸山 節子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.17-24, 1998-02-28

被引用文献数

1

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In Nagano Prefecture, in the period of January to March, 1997,sudden deaths of Bombycilla spp. birds happened in many places, amounting to 13 places with the total death of 187 birds. Of the places, Shimosuwa Town, Komoro City, and Iida City were selected to be inquired into the cause of the sudden deaths. In the case of Shimosuwa Town, the esophagus was choked with nuts of Pyracantha, and cyanide was detected in the content from the esophagus at 10.0 μg/g (average) and in the content from the stomach at 17.0 μg/g (average), suggesting that cyanide or nitrile glycoside would be one of the causes of the deaths. In the case of Komoro City, EPN, an organophosphorus pesticide, was detected from the content in the stomach at 5960 μg/g (average) and from the liver at 11.4 μg/g (average), suggesting that EPN would be a many cause of the death. In the case of Iida City no cause of the death has been known.

著者

門伝 亀久郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.331-334, 1967

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The ethanol content in blood was determined by gas-liquid chromatography using solid sampler and hydrogen flame ionizing detector. To 1 ml of blood specimen, 1&sim;2 mg of isopropyl alcohol was accurately added as an internal standard, and about 0.1 ml of the mixture was applied to gas chromatograph equipped with a column containing 5% glycerol coated on Celite 545. Calibration of ethanol content was performed by comparing the peak area of ethanol with that of internal standard. Recovery was almost quantitative. Change of ethanol content in blood was determined by this method and Conway method, and the results were compared.

著者

小林 正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.156-170, 1985-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

61

---

It is well known that the antirachitic activity of sunlight is due to the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol as provitamin D3 to vitamin D3 via previtamin D3 in skin exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight (Dorno ray). On the other hand, it is documented that the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D in the plasma is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) of which concentration directly reflects the repletion status of vitamin D nutrition. Therefore, we assayed the concentrations of 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 in the plasma samples obtained from about 1000 subjects including adults, mothers, infants and children. The mean and standard deviation of the assayed values of endogenous 25-OH-D3 in the plasma of healthy adults was 23.0±10.1 ng/ml, which clearly showed the seasonal variation that the levels in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. On the other hand, the levels of mothers were about two times higher than the respective data of newborn infants and there was a highly significant correlation between mothers and newborns. On the basis of these data, the nutritional problems of vitamin D are discussed in this review.

著者

渡辺 一弘 岩田 一幸 丹代 優香 西澤 信 山岸 喬 吉沢 逸雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.258-262, 1992-06-30

被引用文献数

11

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The effects of soluble sodium alginate of average molecular weight (A.M.W.), 1×10^4 (AG-1), 5×10^4 (AG-5) or 1×10^5 (AG-10) on the excretion of ^3H-labeled cholesterol, Trp-P-1 and aflatoxin B_1 in rat were compared with those of commercially available sodium alginate (A.M.W. : 2.7×10^6,AG-270) and polydextrose. In rats administered ^3H-cholesterol, the simultaneous administration of AG-10 or AG-270 (100mg/kg) significantly increased the amount of isotope excreted in feces. The administration of AG-5 or AG-10 (1000 mg/kg) after the administration of the tested compounds increased the amounts isotope excretion into feces, and decreased significantly those into urine. The administration of AG-1,however, showed no effect. These results indicate that AG-5 and AG-10 exhibited the same accelerating effects on the excretion of the tested compounds as AG-270.

著者

西川 眞弓 中島 邦生 五十嵐 一雄 糟谷 史代 福井 巳芳 土橋 均

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.121-126, 1992-04-30

被引用文献数

8

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An analytical procedure for morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine (M) in the human urine was investigated by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS). The samples were purified with Sep-Pak C_<18> cartridges. The LC separation was carried out using a L-column ODS in 50 mM ammonium acetate-methanol (86 : 14 v/v). The calibration graphs constructed by the absolute calibration curve method showed linearity over the concentration range of 30 to 1000 ng/ml (γ=0.9965) for M3G and 30 to 2000 ng/ml (γ=0.9970) for M. The detection limits by selected ion monitoring (SIM) were 3 ng/ml for M3G and 1 ng/ml for M, and by scan mode were 350 ng/ml for M3G and 80 ng/ml for M. The coefficients of variations for M3G and M were 4.79 and 3.15% at 1 μg/ml, respectively.

著者

中川 満夫 村田 剛 下川 晃彦 本田 俊哉 児島 昭次 内山 充

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.301-308, 1984-10-31

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The methods for analyzing residual methylene blue and malachite green in the muscle and liver of rainbow trout and eel were established. Since methylene blue and malachite green in the muscle and liver homogenates were effectively extracted by n-butanol in the presence of ZnSO_4,the recoveries of methylene blue and malachite green were determined by measuring the optical density (665 nm for methylene blue, 620 nm for malachite green) of butanol solution extracted from the liver and muscle homogenates containing the dyes. However, the optical density of malachite green in butanol solution extracted from the liver homogenates was measured at 500 nm, 620 nm and 700 nm, and was then calculated from the following equation ; Net OD_<620>=(MOD_<620>-OD_<700>)-[(OD_<500>-OD_<700>)×0.4815-0.0033] MOD_<620> : OD observed at 620 nm : malachite green + pigments of liver homogenates The recoveries of methylene blue and malachite green added to the muscle homogenates were 80-87% and 80-88%, respectively. The limits of detection in the muscle were 0.1 μg/g for both dyes. Also, the recoveries of methylene blue and malachite green added to the liver homogenates were approximately 85-87% and 88-95%, respectively. As little as 0.5 μg/g of both dyes in the liver was detectable. On the other hand, when rainbow trout were exposed to 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 ppm of malachite green solution at 16℃ for 1 h, residual amounts of malachite green in the muscle and liver were 1.41±0.28 μg/g (muscle) and 5.9±1.2 g/g (liver), 2.41±0.11 μg/g (muscle) and 10.1±1.4 μg/g (liver), and 5.90±1.61 μg/g (muscle) and 19.1±2.8 μg/g (liver), respectively. Also, when eel were exposed to 3.0 ppm of methylene blue solution at 16℃ for 1,2 and 3 h, residual amounts of methylene blue in the liver was 1.20±0.3 μg/h, 1.10±0.5 μg/2 h and 0.90±0.2 μg/3 h, respectively, and residual methylene blue in the muscle could not be detected.

著者

/ 篠田 純男 篠田 純男

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.239-249, 1995-08-31

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The decade of the 1990s is witnessing a resurgence of cholera on a global scale. Cholera entered Latin America after almost 100 years and for the first time in the 20th century in an explosive fashion beginning with concurrent outbreaks in several coastal cities in Peru in late January 1991. The origin of the strains of Vibrio cholerae responsible for the initial outbreaks in Peru remains an enigma. Across the globe, in October 1992 a series of outbreaks of cholera-like illness in Southern India was found to be caused by a non-O1 serogroup which was subsequently classified as Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. As with the Latin American epidemic, the O139 serogroup spread with amazing speed and in the matter of a year affected all the cholera endemic areas in India and several neighbouring countries in south-east Asia. Imported cases of O139 V. cholerae has now been reported from several countries across the globe. These two events have dominated the global cholera scenario in the 1990s and both these events are reviewed.

著者

/ 篠田 純男 篠田 純男

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.239-249, 1995-08-31

参考文献数

78

---

The decade of the 1990s is witnessing a resurgence of cholera on a global scale. Cholera entered Latin America after almost 100 years and for the first time in the 20th century in an explosive fashion beginning with concurrent outbreaks in several coastal cities in Peru in late January 1991. The origin of the strains of Vibrio cholerae responsible for the initial outbreaks in Peru remains an enigma. Across the globe, in October 1992 a series of outbreaks of cholera-like illness in Southern India was found to be caused by a non-O1 serogroup which was subsequently classified as Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. As with the Latin American epidemic, the O139 serogroup spread with amazing speed and in the matter of a year affected all the cholera endemic areas in India and several neighbouring countries in south-east Asia. Imported cases of O139 V. cholerae has now been reported from several countries across the globe. These two events have dominated the global cholera scenario in the 1990s and both these events are reviewed.

著者

足立 昌子 置鮎 雅美 西川 明子 小林 正

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.167-171, 1995-04-30

被引用文献数

1

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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) levels in air samples collected with a high-volume air sampler from the Kobe area in Japan were measured. Furthermore, the evaluation of the source apportionment to SPM was investigated by the chemical mass balance (CMB) method based on nine elements, i.e., Ca, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Zn and V, as an index element. The sum of the percent contributions to SPM from six main sources (soil, marine, fuel oil combustion, iron-and-steel industry, refuse incineration, cement particles) was calculated to be about 25%. Among these sources, fuel oil combustion showed the largest contribution.

著者

佐渡 正四郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.16-19, 1957-02-25

著者

外村 正治 南城 実 狩野 静雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.119-120, 1966-04-30

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For the purpose of comparing air pollution in urban and rural area by the automotive exhaust gas, Pb concentration in the hair of regional inhabitants was examined and the following results were obtained. 1. In the determination of Pb in hair, it was found that the amount was larger in female than in male. 2. As for the difference in Pb concentrations by regions, the average and maximum values were larger in inhabitants in Tokyo than those in rural areas. 3. As for the difference in Pb concentrations by occupations, the average and minimum values were larger in traffic policemen in Tokyo than in men of other occupations in the same city.

著者

三井 利幸 藤村 義和

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.183-187, 1975-08-31

被引用文献数

3

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The concentration of hydrochloric acid and potassium iodide in Dragendorff's reagent was examined in order to obtain high sensitivity in the detection of alkaloids. As the samples, caffeine, morphine, procaine, cocaine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, chloroephedrine, methylephedrine, codeine, and dihydrocodeine were used. The optimum concentrations of hydrochloric acid and potassium iodide were determined by measuring the unreacted amount of bismuth in the reaction mixture of an alkaloid and the Dragendorff's reagent containing a definite amount of these two components when using caffeine, cocaine, procaine, codeine, and dihydrocodeine. For other alkaloids, however, the optimum concentration of the two components could not be determined.

著者

黒田 久寅 熊野 明美 岡本 幸子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.165-168, 1964-09-30

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The present work was undertaken to clarify the physiological mechanism of germination of conidio spore of Cochliobolus miyabeanus. With the spore obtained by wet method, rate of germinaton and regression coefficient of germination curve decreased and the synchronism of spore lowered during storage. But, with the spore obtained by dry method, this phenomena could not be recognized even after 12 weeks'storage. Neither α-picolinic acid nor its analogues were found in the spore. This spore showed a great resistance to such respiration poison as potassium cyanide and sodium azide, therefore, under the condition completely inhibiting the oxygen-uptake (concentration of KCN or NaN_3 was 10^<-3>M/L) or without oxygen the formation of germ tube was observed. Thus, it was supposed that this spore had a metabolic pathway producing energy necessary for germination under an anaerobic condition. The respiration of spore rapidly increased instantly after the beginning of cultivation and the faculty to oxidize external substrate had a tendency to increase after the formation of germ tube.

著者

矢野 一好

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.381-394, 1993-10-31

被引用文献数

5

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We summarized the present status of viruses detected in the water system in the human living environment such as sewage, reclaimed water, river water, drinking water, fish and shellfish, and swimming pool water. In addition, the effects of these viruses on human health were discussed based on previous cases of waterborne virus infection and epidemiological data. There are no marked cases of waterborne virus infection in Japan. However, as virus contamination of river water, a source of drinking water, and reclaim from an increase in sewage with advances in urbanization, surveillance of waterborne viruses is needed. We also introduced the present isolation methods of viruses in water. For surveillance of viruses in water, reliable detection methods that can be readily performed in many institutions should be established.

著者

亀谷 勝昭

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.140-142, 1973-06-30

著者

浦久保 五郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.112-116, 1957-03-30