著者

澤村 良二 櫻井 映子 山本 美枝子 立川 真理子 長谷川 明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.267-273, 1982-10-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 3

---

In the reaction of hypochlorite with amino acids, chloramine is formed at the first stage, and then decarboxylation and oxidation occur. Thus, either corresponding aldehyde and ammonia or corresponding nitrile is formed from amino acids. In the present studies, the products in the reaction mixture of glycine with hypochlorite at neutral condition are determined quantitatively. When the molar ratio of hypochlorite to glycine was less than 1, the residual chlorine and glycine were stable in the reaction mixture ; thus no ammonia and no aldehyde were formed. At the molar ratio ranging from 1 to 3, cyanide and cyanogen chloride were produced. Maximum formation of cyanide was observed at the ratio of about 2, but its yield was only 20% of glycine. When hypochlorite reacted on glycine at the molar ratio of 3, cyanogen chloride was produced in a quantitative yield. Cyanogen chloride was degraded by subsequent addition of excess hypochlorite. From these results, it is concluded that the nitrile formation is a main reaction of glycine with hypochlorite.

著者

小栗 一太 吉村 英敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.413-426, 1986-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

105

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Recent progress of forensic toxicology of morphine and heroin, and of the boundary area was reviewed. Topics included in this review were 1) opioid peptides, 2) opioid receptors, 3) endogenous morphine, 4) metabolism of morphine : glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, N-demethylation and dehydrogenation, 5) pharmacological activity of morphine conjugates, 6) metabolism of heroin, 7) analytical methods of morphine and heroin for forensic toxicological purpose.

著者

上野 芳夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.251-256, 1984-10-31

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Trichothecene mycotoxins are chemically related sesquiterpenoids with 12,13-epoxy-trichothecene nuclei. T-2 toxin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and satratoxins are isolated as causative toxicants of food-borne diseases such as moldy-corn toxicosis in U.S., Akakabi (red-mold) toxicosis in Japan, vomiting and feed-refusal diseases in U.S., and satratoxicosis in the Central Europe, respectively. Currently, the TLC, HPLC, GC and GC-MS are introduced for chemical analyses of the trichothecene mycotoxins in food and feed, and the accumulated data strongly revealed that, among more than 60 kinds of trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol (=vomitoxin) and nivalenol, both being produced by Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae in perfect stage), are major contaminants in wheat, barley, corn and other cereals and foodstuffs. In 1983,the Canadian goverment set a guideline for deoxynivalenol in wheat, and FDA (US) recommended "level of concern" for this mycotoxin. As for nivalenol, which is also a contaminant in domestic cereals along with deoxynivalenol and possesses more than ten times higher toxicity than deoxynivalenol, neither guideline nor "level of concern" is recommended by the Japanese goverment at present.

著者

池辺 克彦 田中 涼一 葛原 由章 末永 泉二 高畠 英伍

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.159-166, 1986-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

1.全国11都道府県, 26地点, 76試料の浮遊粒子状物質中のベリリウム, ストロンチウムを分析することにより, バックグラウンド値を求めた.平均値がベリリウム, ストロンチウムでそれぞれ 0.042±0.051ng/m3,6.68±5.21ng/m3であった.2.北九州市における3ヵ年1978-1980年(昭和53-55年)の大気中ベリリウム値の推移をみると, 年ごとに減少の傾向が若干みられたが, 更に長期の調査継続が必要と思われる.3.全国6都府県, 7地点, 11試料を都市型, 産業型, 対照地域に分け, アンダーセン・ハイボリウム・サンプラーを用いて得られた粒度別ベリリウム, ストロンチウムの測定を行ったところ, 2つの分布パターンに大別できた.4.産業型である川崎地区で得られた粒度別ベリリウムとストロンチウムには高い相関がみられた.5.アンダーセン・ハイボリウム・サンプラーにより得られたベリリウム, ストロンチウムの粒度分布は, 今までの報告によるマンガン, 鉄と類似しカドミウム, 鉛とは異なった分布を示した.6.粒度別ストロンチウムとベリリウム比を各地域ごとに比較すると3つの分布パターンに大別された.

著者

佃井 典子 持田 研秀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.320-323, 1972-10-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 2

---

Sulfonated sites in quinoline Yellow WS, which is distributed under the name of "D & C Yellow No.203"have not been clarified as yet. Treatment of 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione with fuming sulfuric acid, gave several sulfonated products and two of product dye were identified as 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione-6'-sulfonic acid and 2-(2'-quinoly)-1, 3-indandione-5, 6'-disulfonic acid by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectra. Commercial samples of quinoline Yellow WS consist of the disodium 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione-5, 6'-disulfonate and contain other sulfonated derivatives.

著者

大下 敏隆 安藤 皓章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.571-580, 1992-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 3

---

In Japan, several phenethylamine derivatives such as mescaline and 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, which are hallucinogens were appointed to narcotics in 1989 and 1990. Reference standards of phenethylamine derivatives are required for their forensic chemical analyses. Present study was intended to synthesize phenethylamine derivatives from benzaldehyde derivatives by a novel route improving the yield. Five narcotic phenethylamine derivatives, mescaline hydrochloride, p-methoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (PMA), 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MDA), 2, 5-dimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (DMA), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (TMA) and their β-hydroxy derivatives that can be their raw materials were obtained. The methods were as follows 1) Nitroalcohols were obtained by a condensation of nitroalkane and benzaldehydes using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. 2) The nitroalcohols were acetylated with acetic anhydride. 3) The acetyl derivatives were converted into nitro-olefins by elimination of acetic acid. 4) Phenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitro-olefins by catalytic reduction using palladium on carbon in an autoclave. 5) In the same way, β-hydroxyphenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitroalcohols.

著者

城 三男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.160-163, 1970-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

4

著者

丸茂 義輝 瀬田 季茂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.381-387, 1981-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

---

It has been noted that the contents of trace elements in hairs vary with difference of position in the same head, age, sex, hair cosmetic treatment and enviromental pollution. This paper describes the rapid analytical method of calcium in small hair segments (1 cm) using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the variation of calcium content in the hairs with the permanent wave treatment. Calcium was determined with the rocovery of 99% by ashing in platinum crucible followed by dissolving the residue in water by stirring with the glass covered magnetic spin bar. Loss of calcium was observed when the porcelain crucible or the glass flask was used as ashing ware, and the tefron covered magnetic spin bar caused contamination of calcium. The analytical results obtained by this method agreed with those of the other investigators determined by neutron activation analysis or atomic absorption analysis. In the hairs which had never permanent-waved the calcium concentrations were 200-1000 ppm and showed a general tendency to increase slightly from the root to the distal end of the hair. On the other hand, the permanent-waved hairs showed higher calcium concentrations (2000-4500 ppm). Adsorption of calcium on the treated hairs was dependent on pH, showing that after the hair previously treated with permanent wave reagents were soaked in city water (pH 6.8) calcium content increased and that no significant increase was observed by soaking in acidic calcium solution (pH 3). Calcium adsorbed on the treated hairs was removed by soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid (1→20). The above results suggested that permanent wave treatment is responsible for increasing ionexchangeable calcium in the hair.

著者

森田 邦正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.185-190, 1987-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The daily intakes of dietary fiber (DF) for the period from 1949 to 1984 were calculated according to national nutrition survey in Japan. The daily intake of DF had gradually decreased during the period from 1949 (17.9 g) to 1984 (14.2 g). The daily intake of cellulose, had slightly decreased during the period from 1949 (8.5 g) to 1970 (6.8 g) and its recent intake was 7.6 g. The daily intake of hemicellulose, which had decreased during the period from 1949 (5.7 g) to 1965 (4.0 g), was about 4.1 g after 1965. The daily intake of lignin, which showed a certain trend during the period from 1949 (3.7 g) to 1971 (3.8 g), suggested a remarkable decrease after 1972. The DF intakes of 12 individuals aged from 30 to 50 years were determined by duplicate collection of food consumed for three successive days. The individual intake of DF was varied from 6.6 g to 16.5 g per day. The average intake and standard deviation was 10.7±1.6 g. A correlation between DF consumption and the death rate of colon cancer from 1950 to 1984 was apparent (γ=-0.739, p<0.01). A negative correlation existed between the intake of hemicellulose and lignin and the death rate of colon cancer (γ=-0.689 and γ=-0.918). A correlation between DF consumption and the death rate of rectum cancer was highly significant (γ=-0.793, p<0.01). A negative correlation existed also between the intake of hemicellulose and lignin and the death rate of rectum cancer (γ=-0.786 and γ=-0.895).

著者

大下 敏隆 山口 明子 服藤 恵三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.77-84, 1995-02-28 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

The analytical method for N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (EMDA), one of the hallucinogenic phenethylamine derivatives newly controlled in Japan, was investigated in several aspects of forensic chemical analysis. The standard EMDA was synthesized from piperonylmethylketone. We analyzed EMDA, its related compounds (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and ethylamphetamine (EA)) and a seized sample containing EMDA, methamphetamine and caffeine using color test, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectrometry (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under the analytical conditions described here, we succeeded in complete separation and identification of these drugs. It may also be possible to apply our method for the intake of drug abuse such as EMDA.

著者

塚元 久雄 吉村 英敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.213-218, 1969-08-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

10

著者

吉田 稔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.168-181, 1998-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Mercury exists as elemental mercury (liquid mercury or mercury vapor), inorganic mercury salts (mercurous or mercuric), and organic mercury compounds (aryl- or alkylmercury). Due to the different chemical and physiological properties of all forms of mercury the effects of mercury on humans shows quite different clinical pictures. In this paper, mercury vapor and inorganic mercury poisoning are mainly reviewed. Liquid mercury, since it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, is nontoxic. Mercury vapor (Hg0) is absorbed rapidly from the alveolar membrane by inhalation and is accumulated mainly in the brain and kidney. In acute exposure to high concentrations of mercury vapor, the symptoms of respiratory, such as chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and interstitial pneumonitis occur shortly after inhalation. In chronic exposure to relatively low concentrations of mercury vapor, neurological changes are prominent. The signs and symptoms of mercury vapor poisoning is characterized by gingivitis, intentional tremor and erethism, and in addition, weakness, fatigue, loss of weight, and disturbance of gastrointestinal functions appear unspecifically. Effects of inorganic mercury toxicity manifest in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney after ingestion. Early signs and symptoms appear as pharyngitis, dysphagia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Afterward renal failure due to necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelium occurs and develops into anuria and uremia. The occurrences of mercury vapor poisoning due to occupational or accidental exposures and inorganic mercury poisoning due to accidental or suicidal ingestion are reducing today in Japan.

著者

石綿 肇 谷村 顕雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.171-183, 1982-08-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

125

被引用文献数

6 5

---

Ingestion, absorption, metabolism and excretion of nitrate and nitrite in humans and experimental animals are described on the viewpoint that carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds are formed by the reaction of nitrite with amines or ureides. Although nitrate is an inactive substance on animals and most of that administered is excreted in the urine, nitrite which is derived from nitrate in vivo by microorganisms in the digestive tracts has highly pharmacological and biochemical activities. The latest problems on the possibility of the nitrification in the body and the nitrate balance are also reviewed. It seems that nitrate highly affects the human health because the substance is easily reduced to nitrite in the body.

著者

片木 宗弘 辰野 道昭 土橋 均

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.357-364, 1994-08-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 4

---

The procedure for the determination of the main metabolites of malathion (MA), malaoxon (MO), malathion dicarboxylic acid (DCA), malathion α-, β-monocarboxylic acid (α-, β-MCA), desmethyl malathion (DM-MA), in addition to unchanged MA was investigated using positive-ion mode thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (TSP-LC/MS). Following the solid-phase extraction of the sample at pH 2 using Sep-Pak C18 cartridge with methanol as eluent, the extract was analyzed on TSP-LC/MS. LC analyses were performed on C18-bonded phase using methanol-100 mM ammonium acetate (60 : 40 v/v, pH 3.65 with trifluoro acetic acid) as eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Every mass spectrum of MA and its metabolites provided both the protonated molecular ion [M+H]+ and the ammonium adduct ion [M+NH4]+. By the solid-phase extraction, they were recovered relatively well, and the detection limits were ranged from 0.2 μg/ml to 2.5 μg/ml by scan mode, ranged from 5 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml by selected ion monitering (SIM) mode. In the urine sample, the coefficients of variations for the prepared method by SIM mode were ranged from 3.3% to 7.2% at 500 ng/ml level of each metabolite. For a blood sample of a female, who had committed suicide by taking MA, TSP-LC/MS analysis were attemped following the prepared method, the metabolites such as α-MCA were detected, and it was possible to prove that she had taken MA.

著者

甘露寺 泰雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.90-95, 1972-04-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

15

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Intrusion of sea water into thermal water was generally observed in thermal springs in coastal area at Asamushi Spa. It has been known that the chemical composition of sea water changes considerably in the process of the intrusion. Behavior of some components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions, in the process of the intrusion is discussed by the analysis of the mixing ratio of sea water into thermal water. 1. The mixing ratios of eight thermal springs of high salinity are approximately calculated by the following equation, provided that a thermal water of high salinity is a mixture of sea water and original thermal water. [numerical formula] where S is the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, or HCO3, in sea water, H, the content of above components in original thermal water, and A, the values of chemical analyses of thermal water. 2. The mixing ratio of sea water shows various values according to components in one spring water. This is the reason why the behavior of each component is different in the process of the intrusion of sea water. The ratio calculated from Ca is the highest, and the ratio from K or HCO3 the lowest, and the order of the ratios is generally Ca>Cl>Na>Mg>K. 3. It is assumed that sodium, potassium, and magnesium ions in sea water decrease by the absorption on the minerals by passing through the aquiferous strata, and calcium ion increases by the ion-exchange effect caused by the absorption of sodium, potassium, and magnesium ions.

著者

太田 彦人 瀬戸 康雄 角田 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.155-160, 1993

被引用文献数

2

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The determination and confirmation of trans-10-hydroxydecenoic acid (10-HDA) in royal jelly (RJ) were developed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS) equipped with an ion trap detector (ITD) as a mass spectrometer. It was found that 10-HDA extracted with dichloromethane at pH 2.5 was converted into trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative in a constant yield by the reaction with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide at room temperature for 15 min. The recovery of 10-HDA (50 μg) was 99.5%. The TMS derivatives of raw RJ tested showed a satisfactory result of separation and sensitivity by GC using a DB-1 capillary column with a flame ionization detector. The linear dynamic detection range was approximately from 50 ng to 500 μg (16.7-167000 ppm) determined using n-eicosane as an internal standard. The minimum detectable amount of 10-HDA was found to be 50 ng (16.7 ppm) at the split ratio of 40 : 1 of the split injection. The amount of 10-HDA in the raw RJ sample was 2.28±0.04% determined by the GC method and 2.25±0.01% by the HPLC method as described previously, respectively. The TMS derivatives of 10-HDA and its related compounds in the raw RJ were confirmed by ITD-GC. The diagnostic ions of TMS-HDA were presented at m/z 331 (M+1), 315 (M-Me), and 241 (M-OTMS) in isobutane CI mode. The present GC method is an easier and more convenient method for the analysis of 10-HDA in RJ and is applicable for the determination and confirmation of 10-HDA in forensic and food samples.

著者

高木 敏之 木本 茂 牧野 由紀子 那須 正夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.197-201, 1997-06-30 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The recently abused substances called "legal drugs", such as Natural Ecstacy, Herbal Ecstacy and RUSH, were analyzed to confirm that they contain no controlled drugs using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventeen samples were examined for narcotics, stimulants or other controlled substances. While none of them were detected, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were found in five samples. Their concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) to be below ten per cent, within the limit regulated by the stimulants control law. Caffeine was also detected in seven samples. Therefore, the exciting effect of the "legal drugs" was considered to be caused by ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and caffeine.

著者

世取山守 岡田 安雄 鈴木 邦夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.471-475, 1992

被引用文献数

2

---

Cannabis oil (1 g) was extracted with n-hexane-saturated acetonitrile, and 91% of oil was removed by this method. Cannabinoids in extracted cannabis oil were identified by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cannabinoid contents were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) using 5α-cholestane as an internal standard. Contents of CBD in the cannabis oil were 121±17 μg/g. However, other cannabinoids (THC and CBN) were not detected in this cannabis oil by HPTLC, GC-MS or GC.

著者

藤田 忠男 里 忠 内山 幹男 星田 晴彦 河部 靖 屋代 順治郎 若林 高明

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.106-110, 1982-02-28

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Bonding between iron ions and soybean protein (produced by the hydrolysis of soybean meal) in an iron-protein compound, which was prepared by mixing the soybean protein and iron (II) sulfate solution, was studied by infrared spectroscopy and an X-ray powder diffraction method. The oxidation state of the predominant iron ions within the compound was +3,but some Fe (II) ions were also present. In the infrared spectrum of the iron-protein compound, the band ascribable to stretching of the COO^-group was shifted to the higher frequency side by 40 cm^<-1> in comparison with that of the free protein. No evidence was found for the formation of any crystalline iron compounds such as Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4 and FeO in the X-ray powder patterns. The possibility of the formation of gel-like compounds of iron (II) and iron (III) such as Fe(OH)_2 and Fe(OH)_3,respectively, was excluded, because the hydrolyzed product of iron (II) is easily oxidized to iron (III) and Fe(OH)_3 transforms, at least partly to Fe_2O_3 or Fe_3O_4 after aging or storing the product in air. Thus, we concluded that the iron ion is bound to the soybean protein molecule through one or more carboxyl groups. Although other coordination sites within the protein molecule could also combine with the iron ions, we could not find evidence for other bondings.

著者

岡山 松久 杉山 博夫 〓谷 阜子 津田 豊彦 小川 正夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.70-71, 1960-03-30