著者

Yu Inoue Seiji Hasegawa Takaaki Yamada Yasushi Date Hiroshi Mizutani Satoru Nakata Kayoko Matsunaga Hirohiko Akamatsu

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.11, pp.1722-1730, 2013-11-01 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

17 32

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Hydroquinone (HQ) is a chemical compound that inhibits the functions of melanocytes and has long been known for its skin-whitening effect. According to previous studies, the Tyrosinase (Tyr) activity inhibitory effect and melanocyte-specific cell toxicity are known depigmenting mechanisms; however, details of the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Arbutin (Arb) is also known for its Tyr activity inhibitory effect and is commonly used as a skin-whitening agent. However, the detailed depigmenting mechanism of Arb is also not yet fully understood. Few studies have attempted to elucidate the effects of HQ and Arb on undifferentiated melanocytes. In this study, we examined the effects of HQ and Arb throughout each stage of differentiation of melanocytes using a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture system to induce melanocytes. The results showed that HQ in particular downregulated the early stage of differentiation, in which neural crest cells were generated, and the late stage of differentiation, in which melanogenesis became active. On the other hand, Arb had no effect on the differentiation of melanocytes, and only suppressed melanogenesis by specifically suppressing elevations in Tyr expression in the late stage of differentiation.

著者

Masafumi Ohnishi Kotaro Hitoshi Miki Katoh Masayuki Nadai Fumie Abe Shunsuke Kurono Hiroko Saito Masayuki Haniuda Takaaki Hasegawa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.1080-1084, 2009-06-01 (Released:2009-06-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6 7

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The effect on the bioavailability of the antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin and tetracycline), which are well known to form chelates with cationic metals such as calcium, was evaluated in 20 healthy male volunteers according to an open, random crossover fashion using a Kampo preparation, byakkokaninjinto (TJ-34) which contains various cationic metals including calcium. Each subject received a single oral dose of tetracycline (250 mg) alone or ciprofloxacin (200 mg) alone along with a single coadministration of one pack (3 g) of the Kampo preparation, at one-week intervals. Concentrations of the drugs in plasma and urine were analyzed by HPLC. Concomitant administration of the Kampo preparation significantly decreased the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC), but not time to reach Cmax (Tmax), of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. However, the decrease in bioavailability of ciprofloxacin was slight (15%) compared with that of tetracycline (30%). The Kampo preparation significantly decreased the urinary recovery of tetracycline, but not ciprofloxacin, and it had no effect on the renal clearance of either ciprofloxacin or tetracycline. These results indicate that the Kampo preparation tested in this study reduces the extent of bioavailability of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, but not renal excretion, by decreasing the gastrointestinal absorption due to the formation of insoluble chelates with calcium. We recommend that the dose timing of the Kampo preparation should be carefully controlled to avoid therapeutic failure especially for patients receiving the treatment with tetracycline.

著者

Ryo Kondo Ayuki Nakano Daiki Asano Akane Morita Shiho Arima Asami Mori Kenji Sakamoto Tohru Nagamitsu Tsutomu Nakahara

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.859-863, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

26

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Pathological angiogenesis is a leading cause of blindness in several retinal diseases. The key driving factor inducing pathological angiogenesis is the pronounced hypoxia leading to a marked, increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to determine whether the abnormal vascular growth occurs in a manner dependent on the degree of the vascular defects. Vascular defects of two different degrees were created in the retina by subcutaneously treating neonatal rats with the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor KRN633 on postnatal day (P) 4 and P5 (P4/5) or P7 and P8 (P7/8). The structure of the retinal vasculature changes was examined immunohistochemically. Prevention of vascular growth and regression of some preformed capillaries were observed on the next day, after completion of each treatment (i.e., P6 and P9). The vascular regrowth occurred as a result of eliminating the inhibitory effect on the VEGFR signaling pathway. KRN633 (P4/5)-treated rats exhibited a retinal vasculature with aggressive intravitreal neovascularization on P21. On the other hand, the appearance of tortuous arteries is a representative vascular pathological feature in retinas of KRN633 (P7/8)-treated groups. These results suggest that an interruption of the retinal vascular development at different time points induces different vascular pathological features in the retina. Pharmacological agents targeting the VEGF signaling pathway are useful for creating an abnormal retinal vasculature with various pathological features in order to evaluate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic compounds.

著者

Ping Ji Changmai Chen Yanan Hu Zixuan Zhan Wei Pan Rongrong Li Erguang Li Hui-Ming Ge Guang Yang

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-6, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-01-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

13 32

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The bark, leaves, and flowers of Paulownia trees have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases. We investigated the antiviral effects of Paulownia tomentosa flowers, an herbal medicine used in some provinces of P. R. China for the treatment of skin rashes and blisters. Dried flowers of P. tomentosa were extracted with methanol and tested for antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CAV16), the predominant etiologic agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease in P. R. China. The extract inhibited EV71 infection, although no effect was detected against CAV16 infection. Bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed to identify apigenin as an active component of the flowers. The EC50 value for apigenin to block EV71 infection was 11.0 µM, with a selectivity index of approximately 9.3. Although it is a common dietary flavonoid, only apigenin, and not similar compounds like naringenin and quercetin, were active against EV71 infection. As an RNA virus, the genome of EV71 has an internal ribosome entry site that interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and regulates viral translation. Cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that EV71 RNA was associated with hnRNPs A1 and A2. Apigenin treatment disrupted this association, indicating that apigenin suppressed EV71 replication through a novel mechanism by targeting the trans-acting factors. This study therefore validates the effects of Paulownia against EV71 infection. It also yielded mechanistic insights on apigenin as an active compound for the antiviral activity of P. tomentosa against EV71 infection.

著者

Mei Ling Xu Ga Ram Wi Hyoung Jin Kim Hong-Jin Kim

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.540-546, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-04-01)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

4 19

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. The lack of proper prophylactics and therapeutics for controlling hRSV infection has been of great concern worldwide. Xylitol is a well-known sugar substitute and its effect against bacteria in the oral cavity is well known. However, little is known of its effect on viral infections. In this study, the effect of dietary xylitol on hRSV infection was investigated in a mouse model for the first time. Mice received xylitol for 14 d prior to virus challenge and for a further 3 d post challenge. Significantly larger reductions in lung virus titers were observed in the mice receiving xylitol than in the controls receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In addition, fewer CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, whose numbers reflect inflammatory status, were recruited in the mice receiving xylitol. These results indicate that dietary xylitol can ameliorate hRSV infections and reduce inflammation-associated immune responses to hRSV infection.

著者

Tetsusuke Yoshimoto Emi Ryu Shiro Tomiyasu Minoru Hojo Hideya Kokubun Motohiro Matoba

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.850-857, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-06-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

4

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Pure oxycodone injection became increasingly necessary after oral oxycodone was launched in Japan in 2003. However, trials clarifying the efficacy and safety of injection are rare. Therefore, a multicenter open study on injection was designed and carried out in 2010, resulting in the launch of injection therapy in 2012. As published domestic case reports on efficacy already show widespread prescription, this study aimed to provide useful information for cancer pain relief in Japan and other countries. Our oxycodone injection study consisted of two trials, one of intravenous (S#9131) and the other of subcutaneous (S#9132) administration. The minimum required number of enrolled patients suffering cancer pain was determined to be 70 in S#9131 and 20 in S#9132. These studies had the same dose-titration protocol as the main endpoint, i.e., pain relief rate (PRR) defined as the rate of achieving adequate pain control (APC), as in prior oral oxycodone trials in Japan. In S#9131, PRR was 81.4% (95% confidence interval: 70.3–89.7%), therefore, the null hypothesis of PRR<70% was rejected using the binominal one-sided test (p=0.0217). In S#9132, PRR was 73.7% also surpassing 70%. Safety was also assessed in the same way as in prior trials. The majority of adverse effects were moderate or mild and recovered with no sequelae. As shown above, the injection was considered to be effective and safe in cancer pain treatment. The details of these trials, particularly the dose-titration protocol for achieving APC and route switching information, are expected to enhance injection convenience for prescribers.

著者

Satoshi Yamaori Ken Takami Ayaka Shiozawa Kanako Sakuyama Naoki Matsuzawa Shigeru Ohmori

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.441-447, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

7 12

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Iguratimod is a novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. A blue letter (safety advisory) for drug interaction between iguratimod and warfarin was issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan in May 2013. Iguratimod may affect warfarin metabolism catalyzed by CYP. However, it is not clear whether iguratimod inhibits warfarin oxidation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of iguratimod on warfarin 7-hydroxylation with human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP enzymes. Iguratimod concentration-dependently inhibited R,S-warfarin 7-hydroxylase activity of HLMs with an IC50 value of 15.2 µM. The inhibitory effect was examined with S-warfarin and R-warfarin to determine which enantiomer was more potently inhibited by iguratimod. Iguratimod potently inhibited the S-warfarin 7-hydroxylase activity of HLMs with an IC50 value of 14.1 µM, but showed only slight inhibition of R-warfarin 7-hydroxylation. Furthermore, iguratimod inhibited the S-warfarin 7-hydroxylase activity of recombinant CYP2C9.1 (rCYP2C9.1) and rCYP2C9.3 in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 10.8 and 20.1 µM, respectively. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of S-warfarin 7-hydroxylation by iguratimod indicated competitive-type inhibition for HLMs and rCYP2C9.1 but mixed-type inhibition for rCYP2C9.3. The Ki values for HLMs, rCYP2C9.1, and rCYP2C9.3 were 6.74, 4.23, and 14.2 µM, respectively. Iguratimod did not exert metabolism-dependent inhibition of S-warfarin 7-hydroxylation. These results indicated that iguratimod is a potent direct inhibitor of CYP2C9-mediated warfarin 7-hydroxylation and that its inhibitory effect on CYP2C9.1 was more sensitive than that on CYP2C9.3.

著者

Tatsuhiro Ishida Shigeru Kawakami Ken-ichi Hosoya

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.575, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

著者

Tadanobu Takahashi Takashi Suzuki

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.817-826, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

3 11

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The spike glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus (IAV) has sialidase activity that cleaves the terminal sialic acids (viral receptors) from oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates. A new antigenicity of viral surface glycoproteins for humans has pandemic potential. We found “low-pH stability of sialidase activity” in NA. The low-pH stability can maintain sialidase activity under acidic conditions of pH 4–5. For human IAVs, NAs of all pandemic viruses were low-pH-stable, whereas those of almost all human seasonal viruses were not. The low-pH stability was dependent on amino acid residues near the active site, the calcium ion-binding site, and the subunit interfaces of the NA homotetramer, suggesting effects of the active site and the homotetramer on structural stability. IAVs with the low-pH-stable NA showed much higher virus replication rates than those of IAVs with low-pH-unstable NA, which was correlated with maintenance of sialidase activity under an endocytic pathway of the viral cell entry mechanism, indicating contribution of low-pH stability to high replication rates of pandemic viruses. The low-pH-stable NA of the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus was derived from the low-pH-stable NA of H2N2 human seasonal virus, one of two types classified by both low-pH stability in N2 NA and a phylogenetic tree of N2 NA genes. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus acquired low-pH-stable NA by two amino acid substitutions at the early stage of the 2009 pandemic. It is thought that low-pH stability contributes to infection spread in a pandemic through enhancement of virus replication.

著者

Toshiaki Makino Ryosuke Shimizu Misaki Kanemaru Yukio Suzuki Masamitsu Moriwaki Hajime Mizukami

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.12, pp.2034-2040, 2009-12-01 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

71 129

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Quercetin, a flavonol contained in various vegetables and herbal medicines, has various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-allergic and anti-oxidative activities. However, low oral bioavailability of quercetin due to insolubility in water has limited its use as a food additive or dietary supplement. Since the water solubility is enhanced by glycosyl conjugation, in the present study, we evaluated the bioavailability of several quercetin glycosides with different sugar moieties in rats. Quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin), and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin, IQC) in suspension, and quercetin-3-O-maltoside (Q3M), quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside (Q3G), α-monoglucosyl rutin (αMR), α-oligoglucosyl rutin (αOR), and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (α-oligoglucosyl isoquercitrin, EMIQ) dissolved in water, were orally administered to rats under anesthesia. Bioavailability (F value) was calculated from the concentrations of total quercetin in plasma from 0 to 12 h after the administration. F value of quercetin was 2.0%, and those of IQC, Q3M and EMIQ were 12%, 30%, and 35%, respectively. Although Q3G, αMR and αOR have high water solubility, their F values were low (3.0%, 4.1%, 1.8%, respectively). In the in vitro study, the homogenate of rat intestinal epithelium rapidly hydrolyzed IQC, Q3M and EMIQ to quercetin, and αMR and αOR to rutin. However, it could not hydrolyze Q3G or rutin to quercetin. Elongation of α-linkage of glucose moiety in IQC enhances the bioavailability of quercetin, and intestinal epithelial enzymes such as lactase-phrolizin hydrolase or mucosal maltase-glucoamylase would play important roles in the hydrolysis and absorption of these flavonol glycosides.

著者

Kohei Togami Sumio Chono Kazuhiro Morimoto

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.9, pp.1494-1499, 2013-09-01 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

9 24

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Azithromycin (AZM), a 15-membered ring macrolide antimicrobial agent, has an antibacterial spectrum that includes intracellular parasitic pathogens that survive or intracellularly multiply in alveolar macrophages (AMs). The subcellular distribution of AZM in AMs was evaluated in vitro in comparison with clarithromycin (CAM). AZM and CAM (50 µM) were applied to the NR8383 cells, used as an in vitro model of AMs, followed by incubation at 37°C or 4°C. The total amount of AZM in cells and subcellular distribution (cell fractionation) was determined after incubation. High level of AZM accumulation was observed in the NR8383 cells at 37°C, and the equilibrium intracellular to extracellular concentration ratio (I/E ratio) was approximately 680, which was remarkably higher than that of CAM (equilibrium I/E ratio=28). The intracellular accumulation of AZM and CAM was temperature dependent. In addition, AZM distributed to the granules fraction including organelles and soluble fraction including cytosol in the NR8383 cells, whereas CAM mainly distributed in soluble fraction. The amount of AZM in the granules fraction was markedly reduced in the presence of ammonium chloride for increase in intracellular pH. These results indicate that AZM is distributed in acidic compartment in AMs. This study suggests that high AZM accumulation in the NR8383 cells is due to the trapping and/or binding in acidic organelles, such as lysosomes.

著者

Shuji Kaneko Takuya Nagashima

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.362-365, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

15

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Recent pharmacological studies have been developed based on finding new disease-related genes, accompanied by the production of gene-manipulated disease model animals and high-affinity ligands for the target proteins. However, the emergence of this gene-based strategy in drug development has led to the rapid depletion of drug target molecules. To overcome this, we have attempted to utilize clinical big data to explore a novel and unexpected hypothesis of drug–drug interaction that would lead to drug repositioning. Here, we introduce our data-driven approach in which adverse event self-reports are statistically analyzed and compared in order to find and validate new drug targets. The hypotheses provided by such a data-driven approach will likely impact the style of future drug development and pharmaceutical study.

著者

Fumiko Yamaki Anna Koike Hikari Kono Xiaoyue Zhang Kento Yoshioka Keisuke Obara Yoshio Tanaka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.493-502, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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The β-adrenoceptor (β-AR)-mediated pharmacological effects of catecholamine (CA) metabolites are not well known. We examined the effects of seven CA metabolites on smooth muscle relaxation in mouse and guinea pig (GP) tracheas and rat thoracic aorta. Among them, metadrenaline (MA) significantly relaxed GP trachea (β2-AR dominant), even in the presence of clorgiline, a monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor. In mouse trachea (β1-AR dominant), normetadrenaline (NMA) and MA (10−4 M each) apparently did not affect isoprenaline (ISO)-induced relaxation, but significantly inhibited it in the presence of clorgiline. ISO-induced relaxation was also unaffected by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) (10−4 M), but significant suppression was observed with the addition of 3,5-dinitrocatechol, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor. In GP trachea, NMA, MA, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA), and DHPG (10−4 M each) significantly augmented ISO-induced relaxation. However, in the presence of clorgiline plus 3,5-dinitrocatechol, both NMA and MA (10−4 M) significantly suppressed ISO-induced relaxation. DHPG (10−4 M) also significantly suppressed ISO-induced relaxation in the presence of 3,5-dinitrocatechol. In rat thoracic aorta, DHPG (10−4 M) significantly suppressed relaxation induced by CGP-12177 A (a β3-AR partial agonist) in the presence of 3,5-dinitrocatechol plus propranolol. Our findings indicate that 1) MA may possess β2-AR agonistic action; 2) NMA and MA augment β2-AR-mediated tracheal relaxation in the absence of CA metabolic inhibitors, though themselves possessing β1-, β2-AR antagonistic action (β2 > β1); 3) DHPG exhibits β1-, β2-, β3-AR antagonistic action, and this is particularly marked for β3-AR. Our observations may help explain some of the pathologies associated with pheochromocytoma, which is characterized by increased CA metabolite levels.

著者

Keigo Ueno Nao Yanagihara Kiminori Shimizu Yoshitsugu Miyazaki

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.230-239, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

102

被引用文献数

24

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Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease caused by fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex. These fungal pathogens live in the environment and are associated with certain tree species and bird droppings. This infectious disease is not contagious, and healthy individuals may contract cryptococcal infections by inhaling the airborne pathogens from the environment. Although cleaning a contaminated environment is a feasible approach to control environmental fungal pathogens, prophylactic immunization is also considered a promising method to regulate cryptococcal infections. We review the history of the development of cryptococcal vaccines, vaccine components, and the various forms of immune memory induced by cryptococcal vaccines.

著者

Javier Pizarro-Bauerle Hiroki Ando

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.240-249, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

97

被引用文献数

15

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The diversity of advanced genetic engineering techniques that have become available in recent years has enabled a more precise manipulation of genes and genomes. Among these, bacteriophage genomes stand out as an interesting target due to their dependence on a host for replication, which previously complicated their manipulation, and due as well to the many possible fields in which they can be used. In this review, we highlight recent applications for which genetically modified bacteriophages are being employed: as phage therapy in medicine, animal industries and agricultural settings; as a source of new antimicrobials; as biosensors for research, health and environmental purposes; and as genetic engineering tools themselves.

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.11, pp.1957, 2019-11-01 (Released:2019-11-01)

著者

Shinichi Harada Wataru Matsuura Masaoki Takano Shogo Tokuyama

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.230-238, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

7 9

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This article has been deleted at the request of the authors from this journal. The Editorial Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (September 17, 2019)

著者

Shinichi Harada Wakako Hamabe Kohei Kamiya Toshiko Satake Junichiro Yamamoto Shogo Tokuyama

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.405-409, 2009-03-01 (Released:2009-03-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

30 35

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This article has been deleted at the request of the authors from this journal. The Editorial Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (September 17, 2019)

著者

Tomoya Tachi Yoshihiro Noguchi Hitomi Teramachi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.77-86, 2020-01-01 (Released:2020-01-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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Utilization of community pharmacies/pharmacists is important for promoting appropriate self-medication; however, appropriate self-medication via pharmacies/pharmacists has not been well-implemented in Japan. Based on the transtheoretical model of health behavior change, we constructed an Educational Program for Promoting Appropriate Self-medication via Pharmacies and Pharmacists to inform the public about the assistive services of pharmacies/pharmacists regarding self-medication and the use of medication notebooks for self-medications. We then tested the efficacy of the program through a randomized controlled trial. The subjects were residents living around Gifu City, aged 20 years and above, and recruited through posters and pamphlets. The subjects were randomly allocated to a group that received only a medication/health class (control group) or one that received the medication/health class, as well as the educational program (intervention group). A questionnaire was administered immediately before the medication/health class (T1) and 2 months afterwards (T2), which allowed us to evaluate and compare the changes in the two groups’ behavior regarding performing appropriate self-medication via pharmacies/pharmacists. The percentage of people who began consulting with pharmacists concerning self-medication was significantly higher among the intervention group (38.2%, 13/34) than the control group (14.3%, 4/28) (p = 0.047). The percentage of people who began recording details of self-medication in their medication notebooks was significantly higher among the intervention group (38.2%, 13/34) than the control group (10.7%, 3/28) (p = 0.019). The educational program effectively encouraged the public to adopt appropriate self-medication practices to avail the services provided by pharmacies/pharmacists.

著者

Hiroshi Ueda

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.11, pp.1773-1782, 2019-11-01 (Released:2019-11-01)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

4 10

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Currently, only a few medicines have been approved for use in the clinical treatment of chronic pain, but they are not fully satisfying due to their side effects. From the view that radical treatment, rather than simply treating symptoms, is more important in addressing life-long chronic pain, we have been investigating translational research for a mechanism-based medicine to treat pain. Through the characterization of various types of peripheral and central neuropathic pain in mice, we discovered that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays roles in definitive mechanisms of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. We found LPA1 receptor- and LPA3 receptor-mediated amplification of LPA production could be a key mechanism underlying the initiation and maintenance of this pain. We have developed stress-induced fibromyalgia models, and have revealed that LPA1 receptor-signaling also plays key roles in the mechanism. Throughout these studies, we found that LPA plays a key role in pain memory, and that LPA1 receptor- and LPA3 receptor-antagonists could reverse the established pain, and thereby cure the disease source of pain.