著者
Tatsuro HORIUCHI Tsutomu SONODA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.125, no.3, pp.159-164, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-01)
参考文献数
22

ZnO:Al thin film was deposited on glass substrates at room temperature. We used a ceramic ZnO:Al target. Since the oxygen vacancies were artificially introduced into the target, thin film could be deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. When ceramic targets are used, fabrication of transparent conductive ZnO:Al thin film in the facing-target is impossible, due to direct resputtering by oxygen anions. The substrate was colored yellow, and the conductivity was also lost. In this state, the thin film was considered to be “ZnO1−x:Al”. In order to avoid the damage, we used a shield consisting of an upper plate, side plates, back plate and base plate. The substrate encapsulated in the assembled shield was placed on the anode in the magnetron sputter we used, the target was installed in the upper side of the chamber and the anode was installed in the under side. We also described the method of deciding the size of the shield. “Thermalized” sputter particles entered the channel consisting of upper plate, side plates and base plate, and are deposited on the substrate. The oxygen anions were blocked by the shield plates. The values of the resultant thin films were enumerated. Carrier concentration was 1.25 × 1021 cm−3, a rather high value. Resistivity was 1.13 × 10−3 Ω cm and Hall mobility was 4.43 cm2/Vs. Also in the area of high temperature superconductive oxides, thin films were damaged by resputtering by oxygen anions. A shield was also tried in this area. In such cases, simple metal plates were installed beneath the substrates in an off-axis position. Side shields were not installed beside the substrates. This confirmed the necessity of side shield plates. We removed the side shield plates and conducted sputtering. The carrier concentration was 6.92 × 1019 cm−3, resistivity was 1.15 × 10−2 Ω cm and Hall mobility was 7.86 cm2/Vs. Based on these values, the effectiveness of the side plates was confirmed.
著者
Mahunnop FAKKAO Kazuki CHIBA Yuta KIMURA Takashi NAKAMURA Toyoki OKUMURA Kiyofumi NITTA Yasuko TERADA Yoshiharu UCHIMOTO Koji AMEZAWA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.125, no.4, pp.299-302, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-03)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
14

In this work, we directly observed the reaction distribution formed in a composite cathode of the all-solid-state lithium-ion battery (ASSLIB) LiCoO2/Li2.2C0.8B0.2O3|Li2.2C0.8B0.2O3|PEO|Li during charging by using the two-dimensional X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2D-XAS) at Co K-edge. The two-dimensional mapping of the state of charge in a composite cathode indicated that the reaction distribution was formed during charging process in the in-plane direction due to the disconnection in electron pathway at cracks. It was experimentally confirmed that the 2D-XAS technique was a useful tool for evaluating the reaction distribution in a composite cathode of an ASSLIB and investigating the influence factors for the formation of the reaction distribution.
著者
Lv PEILING Yang HANXIAO Camille GAZEAU Kouichi YASUDA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.121, no.1412, pp.338-343, 2013-04-01 (Released:2013-04-01)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
3

Co-sintering was carried out in air at 1350°C for 1 hr to make two types of symmetrical 3-layered laminates. One is PDP (Porous alumina/Dense alumina/Porous alumina) laminate and another is DPD laminate. For the porous alumina layer, the porosity was set to be 20%; however, pore size was changed by adding three sizes of spherical mono-dispersed polymethyl methacrylate particles (5, 15, 30 µm) in raw alumina powder. Young’s modulus measurements revealed that cracking occurred in both PDP and DPD laminates. The stress in the layer was estimated from an elastic calculation by using the mechanical and thermal expansion properties of each monolayer. In consideration of sintering shrinkage and thermal expansion of the layer, it was suggested that cracking occurred in the dense alumina layer during heating from 1000 to 1200°C, and in porous alumina layer during heating from 1200 to 1350°C. The cracking was mainly attributed to the mismatch of sintering shrinkage between the layers. From the discussion, the elastic model gave an explanation to crack formation during co-sintering.
著者
Willi M. 岩切 一良 黒柳 彰正
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
窯業協會誌 (ISSN:00090255)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.695, pp.340-344, 1954-05-01 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
12

高温度を得る他の方法と比較した太陽炉の主要な利点と欠点とを論じた。小形の試料を極めて純粋な状態で, 最高温度まで急速に加熱することが絶対必要である定性的研究のため, 最初の大形太陽炉装置が設備された。資料は加熱熔融され坩禍に集められた。例えば二成分系の液相曲線決定等の定量的研究用の太陽炉は最近発達したものである。予め定められた加熱予定表にしたがって, 試料を加熱・冷却または所望の温度に維持 (日照時間に制限される故) したり, 空気による急冷等を行ったりする装置について述べた。表面の状態と関係なく, 試料を黒体状態に近似せしめて温度を測定する方法について述べた。実験太陽炉の設計に入って来る種々のファクターを一覧表にまとめて評価してみた。半工業用途として, 多数の小形の曲面反射鏡をもって, 1個の反射鏡に置き換えた太陽炉について述べた。
著者
Haruna SAWAGUCHI Jiale XU Takahiro KAWAI Takashi MINETA Yoshimune NONOMURA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.6, pp.753-756, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-06-01)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
4

Apatite-coated silicon wafers are expected to be utilized for novel biosensors or implants. However, the mechanism and optimum conditions for the formation of an apatite layer on silicon wafer surfaces are unclear. Herein, we examined the effect of pretreating silicon wafers with titanium sputtering and weak alkali aqueous solutions before immersing them in a simulated body fluid (SBF). A week after immersion, silicon wafer surfaces coated with thin titanium layers were covered by hemispherical apatite particles that were produced in a heterogeneous nucleation reaction, whereas untreated silicon wafer surfaces were covered by spherical particles that were produced in a homogeneous reaction. Pretreatment of titanium-coated silicon wafers with 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution assured heterogeneous apatite formation. Both titanium-coated and untreated silicon wafers were fully covered by the apatite layer after soaking in the SBF for 2–3 weeks. These findings show that pretreatment of silicon wafers with titanium sputtering and weak alkali aqueous solution is effective for obtaining apatite-coated silicon wafers.
著者
鈴木 隆夫 荒堀 忠久
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
窯業協會誌 (ISSN:00090255)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.1036, pp.637-642, 1981-12-01 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1 4

ケイ石耐火物の主成分であるシリカの安定相は, 867℃以下で石英, 867°-1470℃でトリジマイト, 1470℃以上でクリストバライトである. しかし, 高炉熱風炉や他の炉でも, ケイ石耐火物を1470℃以下のトリジマイト安定温度域で使用した場合でも, しばしばクリストバライトの生成が認められる. そこで, この原因及び転移機構について検討した.本研究で使用したケイ石耐火物も, トリジマイト-クリストバライトの転移温度は1470℃である. しかし, この試料に熱風炉のダスト (Fe2O3 41.9wt%, Al2O3 34.0%, SiO2 20.4%) を添加してトリジマイト安定温度域で熱処理したところ, クリストバライトに転移した. これは, ダスト中のAl2O3成分の影響によるものであり, Al2O3によるシリカの転移への影響を定量的に検討した結果, Al2O3の添加量増大とともに1470℃の転移温度が低下し, 1470℃以下でもクリストバライトの生成温度域が存在することが明らかになった. この領域は, ケイ石耐火物中のCaOの添加量によっても変化する.
著者
今岡 稔 山崎 敏子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
窯業協會誌 (ISSN:00090255)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.797, pp.115-123, 1962-05-01 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

On the basis of previous studies of the glass formation range of borate systems and the relation of composition, refractive index and Abbe's number of borate glass, optical region of lanthanum borate glasses on nD-ν diagram and its possible limit of high refractive and low dispersive side were investigated. These lanthanum borate glasses contained oxides of Ti, Zr, Th, Nb, Ta, W, Ba, and Al, and their glass formation range of 4- or 5-component systems were studied. Then the refractive index and Abbe's number of lanthanum borate glasses were measured and from their data and following equations the component factors were calculated.nD=1.445+Σiai+Σibixi2ν=(nD-1)/(0.521+Σikixi)nDai, bi, ki and xi are component factors and molar fraction of MinOm.As a result, it has been proved that caluculated values show good agreement with experimental values. On the basis of this result, then, optical region was researched on nD-νdiagram. And the resulted limiting line of high refractive and low dispersive side passes every point of nD=1.70, ν=55; nD=1.80, ν=50; nD=1.90, ν=40 and nD=2.00, ν=35.
著者
Reiichiro TSUCHIYA Takumi TANAKA Gen HAYASE Kazuyoshi KANAMORI Kazuki NAKANISHI
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.1441, pp.714-718, 2015-09-01 (Released:2015-09-01)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
5

Conventionally, commercialized spherical silicone powders, such as silicone resin powder [INCI: POLYMETHYLSILSESQUIOXANE (PMSQ beads)] and silicone rubber powder [INCI: DIMETHICONE/VINYL DIMETHICONE CROSSPOLYMER (DVDC beads)], have been formulated into cosmetics for soft and smooth feeling. Due to the low crosslink density, silicone rubber powder shows soft touch and high oil absorption. However, it is too agglomerative to be formulated into powder foundation. In this work, we have developed the novel soft touch spherical silicone beads made from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS), using a surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). The preparation procedure of the novel silicone beads requires only homogeneous mixing and includes no other complicated operations. The 29Si NMR and TG measurements indicate that DMDMS is randomly incorporated into the methylsiloxane network. The particle size of the beads can be controlled by the concentration of urea as well as by the stirring speed in the sol–gel reaction. By carefully adjusting these parameters, the size of the beads has been optimized for the use in make-up cosmetics. It was revealed by various evaluation measurements that the novel silicone beads exhibit unique characteristics, such as softness, low oil absorption, high transparency and light diffusion effects.
著者
Kohei HOSOI Jong-Eun HONG Takaaki SAKAI Shintaro IDA Tatsumi ISHIHARA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan (ISSN:18820743)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.1436, pp.182-186, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-01)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1 4

Preparation of Microtubular cell using doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) electrolyte with a dip coating and co-sintering process was studied. In order to suppress Ni diffusion from Ni-based anode substrate to LSGM electrolyte layer, Ti added La-doped ceria (Ti-LDC) was inserted as buffer layer. The amount of Ni diffused in LSGM electrolyte was investigated by EDX analysis as a function of sintering temperatures. It was found that sintering at 1350°C is suitable from the sintering density and the Ni diffusion. The cell sintered at 1350°C exhibited the higher power density than that of the conventional LSGM micro-tubular cell, even though a small amount of Ni diffusion was still observed at the Ti-LDC buffer layer/LSGM electrolyte interface. The micro-tubular cell with around 50 µm thickness showed the open circuit potential higher than 1.0 V and the maximum power density of 0.69, 0.31 and 0.12 W/cm2 at 700, 600 and 500°C, respectively, were achieved.
著者
福島 彌六
出版者
公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会
雑誌
大日本窯業協會雑誌 (ISSN:03669998)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.614, pp.57-65, 1944-02-01 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
9

最近のポルトランド・セメントの成分に就てはその化學的分析の成績を基となし前章にて詳しく論じたので, 茲では全體的に見てその要點を指摘し總括しつゝ成分變動を要約する.1. セメントの灼熱減量は第1囘試料 (現場採集) 1.8-5.1%平均3.20%, 第2囘試料 (工場採集) 0.60-1.8%平均1.2%を表し, 從來の昭和11-13年セメントの1.0%以下に較ぶれば現場のセメントは著しく増加してをり風化したものが多く存在するを認めた. これはセメント包裝用紙の劣化, 輸送の停滯等により風化の機會が多くなつた結果と考へられる.2. 珪酸含有量は第1囘試料19.59-23.04%平均20.95%, 第2囘試料17.63-22.99%平均20.83%を表し, 平均21.0%程と見られるが20%に滿たぬものもあり, 從來の22.0%以上と較ぶれば3-2%程の減少となる. 礬土含有量は第1囘4.67-7.35%, 第2囘7.08-7.86%平均6.05%を表し, 平均6.0%程であり内には6或は1%を超へる高値のものも可成多く從來の礬土が4-6%内に略限られてゐたのに較べて増加したものが多くなつてゐる傾向がある.從來セメントの珪酸, 礬土含有量は各常に略一定してゐたが最近の各セメントは特に礬土につき其量が區々にして低値又は高値なるものが絶へず表れ其多寡に變動が多く見られる様になつた. 此變動は珪酸頻度圖及礬土頻度圖を參照比較すれば一層明瞭である.3. 全石灰は第1囘及第2囘試料にて夫々57.26-63.37%平均61.0%, 61.20-66.23%平均63.51%を表し, 從來の55-56%を常に保つてゐたのに較べて2-4%, 平均3%程の減少と見られる.全石灰含有量にも同様に可成の増減が表れこれは全石灰頻度圖より明瞭である.遊離石灰は從來は0.5-1.5%内にあり平均1.0以下のセメントが大部分と見られてゐたが最近は0.68-5.55%に及び平均2.33%を表し, その内で1.5-3.5%のものが過半數であるに較べて可成増加が目立つてゐる.斯くて最近のセメントの化合石灰量が甚だ減少し, 代つて礬土量が増加したことゝなり, 延いては成分化合物中珪酸石灰鹽類の生成が減少し, 礬土酸石灰鹽を増したことが當然考へられ, セメントの水硬性化合物即ち鑛物組成にも可成變動が與へたと見られる.4. 成分比率に就ては水硬率が共に低下し, 最近は水硬率2.00に滿たざるものも多く現れ, 代つて鐵率が増してゐる. 一般に各成分比率の範圍が從來より廣くなり成分相互の均齊度が喪はれてきた傾がある.5. 現場採集の試料と工場採集のものとを較れば現場のセメントは一般に成績が良好ならず不同がある. 工場採集のセメントは成績が比較的揃つてをり, その一部分には從來に較べて遜色のない品質のものも存在してゐる.6. 計算により求めた水硬性化合物, 即ち鑛物含有量に就いて見ても一般に最近は珪酸石灰鹽が減少し礬土石灰鹽が増加してゐる.3CaO.SiO2は最近のセメントで23.6-56.5%平均40.8%となり從來の40-60%平均50%程と較ぶれば約10%の減少となり, 内には從來餘り見ない40%に滿たざる40-25%程の低値のセメントが約半數を占めてゐた.3CaO.Al2O3, も増加の傾向があり從來此量は略一定してゐたのに較べて最近は各セメントに其多寡に不同が多くなり10%を超へ15%に至る高値のものも現れてゐる.鑛物組成の變動は圖-2を參照することにより明に看取される.7. 石灰, 珪酸, 礬土の三成分に就き化合せざる成分を控除し, 換算した化合量の百分率を表す三元組成圖を見ると, 最近のセメントの三成分組成はCaO 66-70%, SiO2 22-26%, Al2O3 6-11%の比較的廣い範圍内に存在し從來に較べ石灰量減少し礬土量が増加しつゝある傾向が一層明である.8. 一般に最近ポルトランド・セメントは低石灰高礬土質に變動しつゝあり. 之を從來の高石灰低礬土質に較べてむしろ反對の方向を辿つてゐる傾向となりセメントの成分上好しからざる傾向と云へやう.之を要するに, 最近のポルトランド・セメントの質的低下は粗惡炭燃燒に因る遊離石灰及礬土の増加延いては全成分割合の變動に基くものゝ如く, セメントの主要水硬性化合物なる珪酸石灰鹽, 特に3CaO.SiO2の生成を減じ礬土石灰鹽を増したことゝなり, 其結果セメントの品質に致命的なる打撃を與へ最近のセメントの強度低下の主因をなしてゐると考へられる.此事實はまた目下のセメント製造の實情に照らしてみても明である. 即ち原料なる良質石灰石及粘土の採掘, 精選の不如意, 成分の均等配分の不備等と共に, 特に劣質炭の燃燒に伴ふ燒成温度の低下或は炭分の増加による燒成の不完全が製品の成分に直に關係しセメントの品質に惡彩響を及ぼした結果と見られる.此問題を改良し又解決せざればセメントの品質の向上は困難と見るべきであらう.