著者

瀬田 季茂

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-10, 1996 (Released:2010-06-10)

参考文献数

79

著者

益子 賢蔵 宮本 卓之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.21-25, 1997

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&nbsp;&nbsp;The method studied in this paper is developing latent fingerprints based on ruthenium tetroxide (RuO₄) method. Ruthenium tetroxide fuming promptly react with various organic compound, particularly oils or fats contained in sebaceous secretions in latent print and producing brownish black or black ruthenium dioxide (RuO₂).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;Ruthnium Tetroxide is yellow, volatile crystails (melting point; 25.5&deg;C, boiling point; 100.8&deg;C) at room temperature.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;Conventional methods using RuO₄ have been almost impractical because it is very difficult to handle by its strong oxidizability. Additionally because of the two liquid method, it is not only troublesome to produce RuO₄ fumes immediately before developing latent fingerprints, but also is difficult to produce necessary ammounts of RuO₄ fumes.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;In this method, these problems were resolved by utilizing a saturated hydrocarbon halogenid solution of RuO₄<br>

著者

財津 桂 片木 宗弘 中西 啓子 鎌田 徹 志摩 典明 鎌田 寛恵 石丸(飯尾) 麗子 岩室 嘉晃 地中 啓 高山 成明 三木 昭宏 土橋 均

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.25-37, 2010 (Released:2010-02-27)

参考文献数

17

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Comprehensive analytical procedures for the unequivocal determination of a newly encountered drug “N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-OH-MDMA)”, which is expected to be chemically unstable and thermally decomposed to MDMA during the analyses, have been investigated by using various qualitative analyses including color tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS). Stability of N-OH-MDMA in aqueous solutions with several pH values and its recovery throughout the liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate (EA) were also examined. Both the color tests and TLC suggested that Simon's reagent and Rf values were helpful for discrimination of N-OH-MDMA and MDMA. The IR spectra of both N-OH-MDMA hydrochloride and MDMA hydrochloride showed a sufficient difference, and the IR spectrum of N-OH-MDMA oxalate, could be identified by some of its specific peaks. GC/MS has demonstrated that both free base and its trifluoroacetyl derivative were easily decomposed to MDMA and other related products in the GC injection port, though trimethylsilyl derivatization prevented its pyrolytic disproportionation to MDMA. On the other hand, LC/MS, LC/MS/MS and CE/MS procedures were found to be reliable techniques for determination of N-OH-MDMA without its thermal and chemical decomposition. Based on the stability studies, N-OH-MDMA proved stable in acid solution, while it was expected to be transformed to isoquinoline-type compounds in neutral solution and readily decomposed to its relevant oxime in alkaline solution. Since no difference of the extraction efficiencies with EA was observed under the neutral and alkaline conditions, the extraction should be done under neutral condition to minimize its decomposition.

著者

Brian Waters Kenji Hara Natsuki Ikematsu Mio Takayama Aya Matsusue Masayuki Kashiwagi Shin-ichi Kubo

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.125-131, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this study was to develop a practical method to analyze tetrodotoxin (TTX), quantitatively, from postmortem specimens, not only blood and urine, but also organs. Extraction was achieved with 2% acetic acid and the use of an anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The quantitation method was a standard addition method with a calibration curve consisting of at least 3 points and an internal standard, voglibose (VOG). Separation by LC-MS/MS was achieved using a Luna HILIC (Phenomenex) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonium formate buffer (95:5), delivered at 0.2 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions for TTX and VOG were m/z 320>302 and m/z 268>92, respectively. Cleaner extracts were achieved by using a lipid removal cartridge and washing with heptane. The addition of steps to remove interfering components that are prominent in postmortem samples aided in successful analysis. The HILIC column improved the retention of TTX to greater than 2 min to avoid the area where ion suppression has its greatest effect. Also, the use of anion-exchange SPE lessened the influence of acetic acid used during extraction. By using this method, we were able to quantitate low levels of TTX in postmortem specimens.

著者

戸根 康隆 相澤 優秀 西川 悟 耒代 誠仁

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.145-151, 2017

被引用文献数

1

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&emsp;In criminal investigations, writer-identification to discriminate writers of documents used in crimes has important roles. In the identification processes, writer-unknown documents are compared with writer-known documents. Experts of the process give careful considerations for the comparisons by referring to handwriting-samples, experimental-data, and other vast knowledge collected from past investigations. Characteristics of handwritten strokes written on the documents are highly useful for the experts. Therefore, accurate and efficient managements of the characteristics are important. However, in the daily investigations, the characteristics have been recorded in a huge amount of paper media without indexes, and the amount is growing. In this paper, we propose two prototypes of database system to store and retrieve the characteristics. The database system consists of (1) common digital formats to indicate the characteristics, (2) aggregation functions of the digital indicators for the retrieval, and (3) user interface for the experts. The first prototype is implemented with VBA of Microsoft Excel. We present our experimental results by using 228 testing data sets. The second practical prototype is implemented with XML and Java. We expect that our database system will improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the writer-identification processes, and accelerate information sharing among the experts beyond time and space.<br>

著者

乗峯 絵理 宮田 勝文 石澤 不二雄 鷹巣 正則 本田 克也

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.65-70, 2013 (Released:2013-02-20)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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The authors have reported 4 successfully-detected cases of helium in postmortem blood by headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC). Postmortem blood was collected into a depressurized 4-ml glass vial to prevent volatilization loss of helium. MICROPACKED-ST column (2.0 m×1.0 mm i.d., 80/100 mesh) was used as a separation column, and thermal conductivity detector was selected as a gas chromatographic detector. Argon was used as a carrier gas, and the flow rate was set at 8.3 ml/min. After 0.5 ml air was released into the vial, 0.5 ml headspace gas was manually injected to the instrument. In this analytical condition, helium was well-separated from other gases in the atmosphere. This HS-GC method was applied to real blood samples of 4 suspected cases of helium inhalation, resulting in successful detection of helium in blood in all cases.   In the case of a suicide by helium inhalation, it is generally difficult to determine the cause of death from an autopsy finding. This case report provides a practical method to obtain direct proof of helium inhalation.

著者

財津 亘 金 明哲

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

2017

被引用文献数

1

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&emsp;Author identification through text-mining aims to judge whether an author suspected of writing a certain text is same as that of control texts. This study examined the validity of scoring for author identification. In one unit of analysis, we conducted 18 analyses (six writing styles×three multivariate analyses) across one suspected text of a blogger, one control text of a blogger, and irrelevant texts of four bloggers. The writing style factors were (1) rate of usage of non-independent words, (2) bigram of parts-of-speech, (3) bigram of postpositional particles, (4) positioning of commas, (5) rate of usage of Kanji, Hiragana <i>et al.</i>, and (6) sentence length. We completed (1) principal components analysis, (2) corresponding analysis, and (3) multi-dimensional scaling. We obtained scores from arrangements of texts on two dimensions, convex hull polygon (CHP) consisting of control texts was overlapped with that of irrelevant texts (a score of 0). Besides not overlapping each CHP of control and irrelevant texts, (a score of +2) a suspected text arranged into CHP of control texts, (a score of +1) one not arranged into CHP of control texts but near a control text, and (a score of &minus;1) one near an irrelevant text. We totaled the scores in one unit of analysis (18 results) and analyzed the total scores of the 240 units of analysis for 10 bloggers under the following design: 2 (author combination of suspected and control texts: same, different)×4 (number of characters: 250, 500, 1000, 1500)×3 (number of control and irrelevant texts: 3, 6, 9). The results indicated the scoring method was able to identify the authors. AUCs of number of characters were statistically significant, but the number of texts was not significant. Furthermore, rate of usage of non-independent words and parts-of-speech were quite useful to identify authors.<br>

著者

太田 奈穂樹 岩本 良二 相場 伸 村川 雄大 棟方 栄治 川口 龍一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.95-102, 2004 (Released:2007-11-07)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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In a recent murder case, many feathers were left at the crime scene and collected for analysis. It seemed they were likely left from the suspect's torn jacket. Goose and duck downs are commonly used for clothes and bedclothes, especially in high quality goods where goose feathers are used most often. Unfortunately, at the time of the murder there were few studies in Japan about down identification. This paper presents how to identify goose and duck downs by microscopy.   Ten downs were removed at random from each stuffed bird from sixty-one species at the prefectural museum. Ten downs were removed at random from ten geese and ten ducks, respectively, at the prefectural farm. Therefore, the authentic sample set (family or species known) included ten downs each from eighty-one birds, representing sixty-three species. In addition, two hundred goose downs and two hundred duck downs were obtained from samples supplied by the Japan Spinners Inspecting Foundation in Tokyo.   These down samples were examined microscopically with respect to eight morphological characteristics: full length, color, node shape, maximum node width, maximum node interval, node distribution, node density (number of nodes per mm) and pigment distribution. Morphological data from geese were compared with ducks and analyzed statistically using F-test.   Duck and goose downs are identified primarily by their triangular nodes. In birds of the sixty-three species other than those from the duck and geese species, triangular nodes were found only in the Anatidae, Columbidae and Psittacidae families. Fortunately, it was quite simple to distinguish the families by the node distribution along the shaft of the barbules. For example, the Anatidae family has triangular nodes only toward the tip of the barbule, the Columbidae family has them mainly toward the base of the barbule, and the Psittacidae family has them uniformly distributed along the shaft of the barbule. Based on feather nodes, both goose and duck can be placed in the Anatidae family. Nevertheless, they can be distinguished. Goose has wider maximum node intervals than the duck, usually more than fifty-five micrometers. On the other hand, duck has higher node density than the goose, more than sixteen per mm. Statistical analysis using the F-test showed that the maximum node interval and node density were useful characteristics for distinguishing a goose from a duck down.

著者

関口 和正 今泉 和彦 藤井 宏治 千住 弘明 水野 なつ子 坂井 活子 笠井 賢太郎 佐藤 元 瀬田 季茂

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.33-40, 1997 (Released:2010-02-06)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

11 11

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Nucleotide sequences of 2 hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2) within the control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed from 55 unrelated Japanese. About 700 nucleotides were sequenced by using the nested PCR and the solid-phase direct sequencing methods. Comparison of these sequences with Anderson's reference sequence revealed 97 mutation types within 93 positions, and 11 positions of them were novel. Fifty five samples analyzed were classified into 52 different sequences, while 3 pairs have shown the same sequences. Comparison of the Japanese sequences to those reported from other populations indicated many differences in such a point that the substitutions at 16,223 and 73 in Japanese were more frequent than those in Caucasian, while the substitutions at 16,126 and 16,311 in Japanese were less frequent than those in Caucasian. Twenty one of 55 samples analyzed showed a T-to-C transition at the position 16,189 of the C-stretch region in the HV1 region. This replacement caused the blurred bands on the sequence image, which resulted in the ambiguity of exact number of cytosine in the C-stretch region of HV1. For this ambiguity, the number of cytosine in the C-stretch region should not be currently taken into account in forensic practices of individualization of evidence samples. Regardless of such problem, the polymorphisms of HV1 and HV2 regions are highly useful for individual identification.

著者

益子 賢蔵 宮本 卓之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.21-25, 1997 (Released:2010-02-06)

参考文献数

5

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The method studied in this paper is developing latent fingerprints based on ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) method. Ruthenium tetroxide fuming promptly react with various organic compound, particularly oils or fats contained in sebaceous secretions in latent print and producing brownish black or black ruthenium dioxide (RuO2).   Ruthnium Tetroxide is yellow, volatile crystails (melting point; 25.5°C, boiling point; 100.8°C) at room temperature.   Conventional methods using RuO4 have been almost impractical because it is very difficult to handle by its strong oxidizability. Additionally because of the two liquid method, it is not only troublesome to produce RuO4 fumes immediately before developing latent fingerprints, but also is difficult to produce necessary ammounts of RuO4 fumes.   In this method, these problems were resolved by utilizing a saturated hydrocarbon halogenid solution of RuO4

著者

桐原 美穂 川端 三十一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.59-64, 2010-01

著者

山本 敦 赤尾 佳則 東川 佳靖

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.113-123, 2015 (Released:2015-07-17)

参考文献数

23

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When printed materials are used to commit crimes, such as threatening letters, font identification is used to estimate the equipment that was used in their production. To identify the font of printed materials, comparison testing with a print reference sample is required. As retrieving the target print sample from a huge volume of samples requires significant time and effort, a method for automatically searching the font is required. In this paper, we propose a similarity measure using SIFT features, which are invariant local features to the zoom and rotation of the character, and a method of retrieving fonts using the similarity measure. Retrieval experiments were performed using 102 font types with 2,230 types of characters for each. The proposed method is effective for retrieving fonts, even when the character size of the query image and the database is different. Furthermore, we propose a method of retrieving fonts at high speed through dimension reduction using principal component analysis. We show that through the proposed speeding up method, the retrieval time can be reduced to one-quarter of the previous speed without lowering retrieval performance.

著者

鈴木 雄亮 金子 毅

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.99-105, 2009 (Released:2009-08-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study, the stability of methamphetamine, bromovalerylurea, acetaminophen and salicylic acid in formalin solution was investigated during 90 days. The stability of these drugs was examined in 4 types of formalin solution (10% and 20% concentration pH adjusted formalin (pH7.4) and each concentration pH unadjusted formalin solution) and at 2 temperature conditions (room temperature and cold storage).   Methamphetamine was very stable at cold storage in each formalin solution. In contrast, more than 80% of methamphetamine was converted into its N-methyl derivative, dimethylamphetamine in pH adjusted formalin at room temperature at 90 days. Bromovalerylurea was stable only when in pH unadjusted formalin at cold storage. Under the other conditions, bromovalerylurea was decomposed and observed a compound assumed to be the bromovalerylurea-formaldehyde reaction product by LC/MS. The concentration of acetaminophen was decreased gradually under all conditions and a compound assumed to be the acetaminophen-formaldehyde reaction product was detected by LC/MS and GC/MS. When salicylic acid was stored under all conditions, concentrations of salicylic acid did not change.   Thus, it appears that the stability of drugs varies individually in the presence of formalin and under different conditions (formalin concentration, pH and storage temperature). So, forensic scientists must note when attempting to determine the drugs in the formalin-fixed biological specimens.

著者

森好 浩行 三好 美紀 日野 大樹 中山 英樹 森川 俊雄 中木 真一 糸原 幸次

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.27-34, 2007 (Released:2007-06-27)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8 8 1

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Images of the ear are highly valuable for facial photographic identification because the ear has a lot of morphological features, such as the helix, ear lobe, antihelix, scapha, antitragus, tragus, and so on. However, the morphology of ear components changes so easily depending on the camera angle that it is usually difficult to identify people based on images of their ears from surveillance cameras and mug shots.   In this study, the correlation between the morphology of ear components and camera angles was investigated in order to identify people based on ear images taken from different camera angles. The samples were ear images of 56 persons taken at 27 different camera angles for each person. The morphologies of the ear components were compared among the angles and among the subjects. This revealed the morphological changes in the helix, ear lobe, antihelix, and tragus according to the camera angle.   It was found that the morphology was consistent between ear images taken at different camera angles if the compared images satisfied two conditions: the scapha must be clearly observed, and the external acoustic meatus must not be visible. If these conditions are met, it is possible to identify a person by images of his or her ear regardless of the camera angles.