文献一覧: 日本経営学会 (出版者)

Japanese enterprises began to expand into overseas markets in earnest at the beginning of the 21st century. This may be considered to be inevitable due to the simultaneous maturation of Japan's domestic market and development of emerging markets; the average ratio of manufacturing companies' foreign sales has been rising continuously during this time, reaching almost 40% in fiscal 2017. Japanese companies have been struggling with the issue of low profitability since the previous century; however, it is a question whether increasing the ratio of foreign sales helps resolve this problem. This paper uses financial data from fiscal 2001 through fiscal 2016 to analyze how the degree of reliance on foreign markets affects profitability. Examining data on a sample of 8,435 companies over 16 years, we observed a positive correlation between profitability and the ratio of foreign sales to total sales, which represents the degree of reliance on foreign markets. However, using a regression analysis to control for the effects of variables such as growth rate of sales and asset turnover ratio, the ratio of foreign sales is shown to negatively impact profitability at a significance level of 1%. Furthermore, when we divide the total sample for each year from fiscal 2001 through fiscal 2016 into two equal groups, based on their degree of reliance on foreign sales, there was a difference in profitability between the group with high ratio of foreign sales and the group with low ratio of foreign sales. For the group with low ratio of foreign sales, we confirmed more significant negative causality between profitability and ratio of foreign sales. On the surface, Japanese companies' overseas operations may appear to contribute to their growth and profitability, but, in fact, it is apparent that this is not the case with regard to their profits.

2022-09-21 15:51:32
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1 0 0 0 OA Effect of Culture on High Performance Work Practices and Positive Work Climate: Evidence from Firms in Vietnam

著者: Takashi Sakikawa
出版者: 日本経営学会
雑誌: 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.47, pp.17-30, 2021 (Released:2022-09-21)
参考文献数: 39

Researchers has had an interest in the role of culture in the use of high performance work practices in recent years. Yet, the effect of culture on high performance work practices and the resulting performance outcomes is under-researched and remains unknown. In order to fill this research gap, I examined the effects of culture on high performance work practices and one resulting workplace outcome (i.e. positive work climate) by focusing on organizational culture. I tested the hypotheses by drawing on evidence from local and foreign companies in Vietnam. I theorized and found not only the effect of an organization's collectivist culture on high performance work practices but also its indirect effect on positive work climate through those practices and the indirect effect conditioned by organizational form (i.e. domestic versus international firms). I performed supplementary analyses to explore cross-cultural differences by combining datasets from my prior U.S. and Japan surveys with a dataset from the Vietnam survey. A future research direction would be to collect data from multiple countries, including not only Asian countries but also Western ones, and to estimate the cross-cultural effects on the use of high performance work practices and the resulting work climate and other workplace outcomes among those nations.

2022-09-21 15:51:17
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1 0 0 0 OA 逆境期における長寿企業の生存戦略 ──倒産企業との比較分析に基づく類型化──

著者: 林侑輝
出版者: 日本経営学会
雑誌: 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.47, pp.31-45, 2021 (Released:2022-09-21)
参考文献数: 41

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategies adopted by long-established companies for identifying the factors promoting their survival in hostile environments. While Japan has the world's largest number of companies older than a century, there is a scarcity of empirical studies using objective data about them. The majority of prior research is based on surveys of long-lasting companies and focuses on the commonalities of the subjective responses. On the contrary, this study collects financial information on survivors (firms that have remained in existence for more than 300 years) as well as bankrupts (firms that had moderate longevity but failed after the bursting of the bubble economy) from 1978 to 1992. We conducted a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) using data from 18 listed Japanese firms to categorize the strategies of both the survivors and bankrupts. Analytical findings indicate that there are three categories of typical strategies adopted by the survivors. The first category consists of leveraging large assets along with a broad business domain to maintain an above-average growth rate even in unfavorable circumstances. The second category is different from the first and pursues stability and financial security due to its large scale and broad scope. The third category is growth-oriented and based on stable cash flow by relatively small but diversified companies. This analysis further reveals a typical pattern of bankruptcy. It is partially similar to the third survival strategy, but does not achieve commensurate growth with the expansion of its scope. To put it differently, a small to medium-sized enterprise aiming to realize long-term survival needs to implement an entrepreneurial survival strategy that involves moving into growing domains along with withdrawing from declining markets.

2022-09-21 15:49:09
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1 0 0 0 OA 品質管理に関する新たな分析フレームワークの構築 ──中国企業を事例として──

著者: 潘宝燕
出版者: 日本経営学会
雑誌: 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.47, pp.61-73, 2021 (Released:2022-09-21)
参考文献数: 30

Quality management is considered as a key factor in providing manufacturers with a competitive advantage. However, it is considered that research on quality management up to now has not fully grasped the flexible quality management of companies as seen in China by only emphasizing the normative quality management methods. In particular, the mechanism of what factors influence the quality management of a company, and how they produce different quality management for each company is not always clarified. In this paper, we proceed a case study based on the results of an interview survey from 18 Chinese companies, and try to present a more detailed analysis framework that can be used to understand the actual state of quality management of Chinese companies. Results show that firstly, the perception of quality by business managers of Chinese companies affects the way of companies' quality management (timing and implementation method). Second, corporate strategy, top management commitment, customer relationships, and quality regulation influence the perception of quality by business managers of Chinese companies. We conclude that Chinese companies do not have the only best quality management method. If the perception of quality by business managers of Chinese companies fits the quality management method, it is the optimal quality management method for the company.

2022-09-21 15:48:18
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1 0 0 0 OA 自治体病院における公定価格改定の影響の実証研究

著者: 鈴田祐介
出版者: 日本経営学会
雑誌: 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.47, pp.74-86, 2021 (Released:2022-09-21)
参考文献数: 34

In Japan, the Diagnosis Procedure Combination / Per-Diem Payment System (DPC / PDPS) has been introduced into most hospitals providing hyperacute and acute care. Given that background, the study described herein specifically examined the amount of change in hospitalization revenues related to the effects of official price revision, which are fundamentally undertaken once every two years. Conventional approaches used for earlier studies of medical practice revenues used patient-level data because personal attributes of patients and treatments administered to patients are distinguished. By contrast, this study adopts hospital-level data directed by DPC and estimates effects of official price revision more simply. For development of a theoretical model, two-step least squares (2SLS) was applied with two years as one period, referring to the method of factor analysis of medical expense variation. In first-stage analysis, to add effects of official price revision, “the estimator of mean of hospitalization revenue during the earlier period of the official price revision” was calculated and added as a proxy variable to an explanatory variable in the second-stage theoretical model. To analyze the DPC participating hospitals and DPC preparatory hospitals, Ministry of International Affiliates and Communications data for local government hospitals during 2010–2017 and Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare data were matched for verification. The following results were obtained. First was that an appropriate coefficient was estimated for the rate of change in “hospitalization revenue” for the effect of official price revision. During 2012–2017, the revision had almost curbed medical expenses to “0” in local government hospitals. Secondly, results obtained using hospital unit data show that the rate of change in “hospitalization revenue” in the official price revision years increased slightly in a more positive direction than in the subsequent year. One can infer that this result is attributable to local government hospital management efforts.

2022-09-21 15:47:51
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1 0 0 0 OA 国際的な戦略的提携における知識転換メカニズム ──台湾ファミリーマートの事例研究─―

著者: 李建儒
出版者: 日本経営学会
雑誌: 日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.47, pp.87-100, 2021 (Released:2022-09-21)
参考文献数: 29

This article aims to reveal how the local alliance partner as knowledge accepter acquired and revised knowledge to achieve the strategic alliance success from knowledge transfer and knowledge adaptation perspectives. Besides, previous research about strategic alliance remained a question about revealing the qualitative method's alliance capabilities mechanism. This article proves that the knowledge transformation mechanism, which includes knowledge transfer and knowledge adaptation, as the mechanism of alliance capabilities to foster the strategic alliance. This article conducts the case study of FamilyMart in Taiwan. In the beginning, this article explains how the local alliance partner learned from FamilyMart in the process of knowledge transfer in 1988. Moreover, this article analyzes how the local alliance partner modified knowledge through observing the knowledge adaptation process. In 1994 FamilyMart achieved profitability by modifying information systems, production development, logistics management, and convenience store management. In conclusion, this article provides two findings. First, alliance learning has improved individual ability, and it has a positive effect on the knowledge transfer process. Second, local alliance partners' managers and employees modified knowledge to match the local institution, business environment, and market in the knowledge adaptation process.

2022-09-21 15:47:23
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