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著者
瀧川 政次郎
出版者
法制史学会
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1954, no.4, pp.19-50,en1, 1954-07-31 (Released:2009-11-16)
被引用文献数
1

In the first year of Tempyo-Shoho, with the ascension of the Emperor Koken to the. throne, the Empress Dowager Komyo established the office known as Shibi-chu-dai, composed of officers of the four ranks : Rei, Daisho-Hitsu, Daisho-chu, and Daisho-so. Besides these four high-ranking officers there were such officers as Shisei and Toneri whose duty it was to treat of general affairs.Officers above Hitsu took care of the ordinances of the Empress-dowager issued as Imperial Ordinances and those below Chu usually attended to the official duties in regard to the Empress-Dowager's office. The Empress-Dowager Komyo held the reins in her hand as mother of the Emperor, and Shibi-chu-dai from which her ordinances were issued had come to wield the greater authority than Da-jo-kan, being constantly backed up by the political tactics of Shibi-rei Fujiwara Nakamaro.Towards the end of the year Shoho, it had become known as the highest governmental office-like Chung-shn-sheng of Tang, after which it was named. In the second year of Tempyo-Hoji, when the Emperor Jyunnin stood at the helm of the state as the Emperor-the rule of the Empress Dowager was discontinued and Nakamaro was transferred and appointed as Taiho-(Udaijin). At the same time Shibi-chu-dai was, re-named as Konkyu-kan, the chief duty of which was to take charge of the general affairs concerning the Empress-dowager's office. In the fifth year of Ho-ji (one year after the death of the Empress Dowager) the once almighty Shibi-chu-dai ceased to exist.
著者
杉谷 昭
出版者
法制史学会
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1966, no.16, pp.127-143,v, 1967-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

In this paper, I have made an inquiry into the San-chi-sei of fu (_??_), ken (_??_), and han (_??_) in the Early Meiji Era, especially into the part played by fu during the period just before the abolition of han (clans) and into the establishment of ken (prefecture) from the historical point of view of the word fu. Thus, I have partly made clear the process of the establishment of the centralized national government from the viewpoint of the constitutional history.
著者
石川 一三夫
出版者
法制史学会
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
no.40, pp.1-32,en3, 1990

The purpose of my paper is to introduce Kuga Katsunan's works on local autonomy and notables in modern Japan.<BR>(1) Kuga Katsunan is well known as one of the conservative and nationalistic journalists. He made a lot of comments on social, political and economic reform in modern Japan. He also made a big contribution to the heated controversy on what local government should be. He was really a tough opponent to bureaucratism in Meiji era.<BR>(2) After Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japanese leaders considered it necessary to establish a Western legal system as well as Western frame of government in order to achieve modernization. It was remarkable that within a few years Westernization became a national goal and was carried out rapidly even with a considerable degree of popular enthusiasm. But resistance on the part of conservative nationalists appeared in the late 19 century. The nationalists insisted that Japan should reconcil traditional elements with Westernization in order to keep national identity. Kuga Katsunan wrote in his newspaper that the form of local government is far less important than the spirit (Japanese tradition and custom) in which it is worked.<BR>(3) Until the end of World War II there was a history of lack of autonomy in Japanese communities. As the result of postwar refom, autonomy was given to local administrative units down to the village level. But autonomy still remains weak in Japan. So I believe that Kuga Katsunan's view on local autonomy gives us some suggestions even today.