著者

細谷 瑞枝 Mizue Hosoya

出版者

茨城キリスト教大学

雑誌

茨城キリスト教大学紀要. 1, 人文科学 (ISSN:13426362)

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, pp.133-146, 2014

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In diesem Aufsatz wird das Verhaltnis zur unirdischen Welt in europaischen Marchen mit dem Beispiel vom Marchentyp ATU 710 behandelt.Die Marchen ATU710 werden in zwei Gruppen geteilt je nach der Figur,die der Hauptfigur verbietet,eine bestimmte Kammer zu betreten.Bei der einen Gruppe ist die Figur die Gottesmutter Maria,und bei der anderen ist sie eine ubernaturliche schwarze Frau.Dir Hauptfigur,ein Madchen aus einerarmen Familie,tritt jedoch in die verbotene Kammer ein.Es ist auch je nach der Gruppe sehr unterschiedlich,was sie in der verbotenen Kammer gesehen hat,und wie sie sich nach der Vertreibung aus dem Himmel bzw.aus dem Schloss der schwarzen Frau verhalten sollte,um zum glucklichen Ende zu kommen.Zuerst wird desser Unterschied mit dem christlichen Einfluss erklart und dann wird es Gruppe mit der Gottesmutter Maira als auch bei der mit der schwarzen Frau die erste Schritt zum Gluck ist,wahrend die Neugier bei den japanischen Marchen mit einer verbotenen Kammer meistens weder Gluck noch Ungluck bright.

著者

小谷野 邦子

出版者

茨城キリスト教大学

雑誌

茨城キリスト教大学紀要. II, 社会・自然科学 (ISSN:13426370)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.245-259, 2011

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In this thesis, an educational problem in "Manchukuo" is intended to be clarified from respect of the teacher training. The education based on "Three principles of people (Sanmin zhuyi)" was performed in the Republic of China age. After 1931 when Japan colonized "Manchuria", Japanese educational policy was to have replaced "Three principles of people" with the Confucianism morality. Many teachers were purged, and the textbooks were abolished. In addition, the remaining teachers had to be tested and reeducated. It was at 1934 that all new textbooks were compiled."General principle of educational system and School policy" was proclaimed in 1937, and then the education of "Manchukuo" was put in order. However there were still much difficulties in the amount and qualities about teachers. Some teachers' training schools were established. Increase in the number of Japanese teaching staff was aimed at. But the result was not perfect. The aim was not achieved.In conclusion, the education in "Manchukuo" that Japan intended was not necessarily successful so far as teacher training.

著者

飯田 貞夫 江口 旻 志村 聡 大島 徹 Sadao Iida Akira Eguchi Satoshi Shimura Toru Oshima 茨城キリスト教大学 松蔭大学 亜細亜大学 茨城県立水戸飯富養護学校

出版者

茨城キリスト教大学

雑誌

茨城キリスト教大学紀要 2 社会・自然科学 (ISSN:13426370)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.185-204, 2006

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(1)本流のpHは,7.0~7.4の間にある。左岸支流のpHは3.4~7.6の問にあり,松川,荒川,須川など,上流に火山地帯がある河川と温泉水が流入する河川では酸性を示す。右岸支流のpHは,7.0~8.4の間にある。花崗岩,石灰岩地域を流下するため,アルカリ性を示す。(2)本流のDOは,10.2~11.4ppmの間にある。左岸支流は,8.9~13.6ppm。DOは扇状地の支流で12.2~13.6ppmと値が高い。右岸支流のDOは,8.7ppmと左岸より少ない。(3)本流の透視度は,7.6~27cmと低い値を示す。左岸の透視度は,荒川32cm,濁川40cm,摺上川44.5cmで低い値を示すが,他の支流は50cm以上である。右岸の透視度は,谷底平野や水田地帯を流下する胡桃川22cm,東根川24cm,境川41cmで低い。(4)本流の電気伝導度は,61.7~158μ&mho;/cmで変化する。左岸支流の電気伝導度は59.6~891.2μ&mho;/cmで変化し,温泉水が流入する小川891.2μ&mho;/cm,須川361μ&mho;/cm,荒川218μ&mho;/cmで高い。右岸支流の電気伝導度は,117~363μ&mho;/cmで,入川で363μ&mho;/cmと高く,谷底平野や水田地帯で高くなっている。(5)本流のCl^-の含有量は,22~38ppmの間にある。左岸支流のCl^-の含有量は,6~36ppmである。温泉水が流入する荒川,須川,松川で含有量が多い。荒川で36ppm,須川で32ppm,小川で28ppmである。右岸支流のCl^-の含有量は,4~86ppmである。入川で特に高い値(86ppm)を示しているが,原因は明らかではない。(6)本流のNa^+の含有量は,3.3~9.6ppmである。左岸支流の含有量は,0.3~28ppmで,水原川で28ppmと多くなる。右岸支流の含有量は1~36.6ppmの問にある。特に入川No.21入川橋で36.6ppmと最高値を示し,EC (891μ&mho;/cm)やCl^- (86ppm)も高い数値を示している。(7)本流のCa^<2+>の含有量は,2.5~19ppmの間で変化している。左岸支流のCa^<2+>の含有量は0.6~6.2ppmで,含有量は少ない。右岸支流のCa^<2+>の含有量は,3.7~22.5ppmと比較的多く,花崗岩,石灰岩地帯を流下する境川No.28飯野で22.5ppmと最高値を示している。(8)本流のMg^<2+>の含有量は,1.8~3.2ppmの間で変化している。左岸支流は,0.8~8ppmであり,荒川や須川など,火山地帯の河川や温泉水の流入する河川で含有量が比較的多い。右岸支流は左岸より多く,2~6.6ppmの間で変化する。(9)本流のNH_<4->Nは,0.12~0.25ppmである。左岸支流のNH_<4->Nは,0.1~0.47ppmで,反田川で0.47ppm,松川で0.25ppmと高い値を示した。右岸支流のNH_<4->Nは,0.12~0.43ppmで,東根川で0.43ppm,岡代橋より3km上流のNo.26根小屋橋で0.32ppmと含有量が多くなる。(10)本流のPO^<3->_4の値は,0.02~0.12ppmの間で変化する。左岸支流のPO^<3->_4は,0.001~0.13ppmで変化し,油井川で0.13ppmを示している。右岸側支流のPO^<3->_4は,0.12~0.43ppmで変化している。(11)左岸支流のCl^-の負荷量は,5.6~241.9g/secで変化する。須川241.9g/sec,荒川205.9g/secで値が高く,松川159.4g/secも高い値を示している。松川,須川,荒川は,いずれも上流に温泉がある。右岸支流のCl^-の負荷量は,1.6~93.9g/secで,木幡川で93.9g/secとなった。(12)左岸支流のNa^+の負荷量は,0.7~98.03g/secである。松川で98.03g/sec,須川で65g/sec,水原川で57.9g/sec,摺上川で56.3g/secで高い値を示す。右岸支流のNa^+の負荷量は,0.78~23.5g/secである。木幡川23.5g/sec,東根川18.9g/secと高い値を示した。(13)左岸支流のCa^<2+>の負荷量は,1~35.4g/secである。荒川で35.4g/secを示した。右岸支流のCa^<2+>の負荷量は,1.2~32.6g/secで,木幡川で32.6g/secである。(14)左岸支流Mg^<2+>の負荷量は,0.14~72.0g/secである。荒川66.7g/sec,須川60.5g/secで高い値を示した。右岸支流のMg^<2+>の負荷量は,0.4~9.6g/secで,左岸側に比べて負荷量の少ない地点が多い。(15)左岸のNH_<4->Nの負荷量は,0.0039~0.13g/sec。荒川1.27g/sec,須川1.02g/sec,荒川1.02g/sec,摺上川1.05g/secなど,温泉水が流入する河川で負荷量が多い。右岸の負荷量は,0.001~0.063g/secで変化している。We have conducted an investigation into the tributaries flowing into the Abukuma river. Our findings can be summarized as follows. (1) In the main stream of the Abukuma, the pH value is 7.0~7.4. In the tributaries of the left bank, it is 3.4~7.6. The Matsukawa, the Arakawa and the Sukawa show the acid reactions because of the inflows of hot spring waters. It is 7.0~8.4 in the branches of the right bank. They are alkalized because they run through the granitic and the limestone districts. (2) DO of the mainstream is 10.2~11.4ppm. In the tributaries of the left bank, it is 8.9~13.6ppm. DO of the branches of the right bank show 8.7ppm. (3) The transparency of the mainstream is 7.6~27cm. As for the tributaries of the left bank, it is 32cm (the Arakawa), 40cm (the Nigori river), and 44.5cm (the Suriage river). The other branches show more than 50cm. In the branches of the right bank, it is 22cm (the Kurumi river), 24cm (the Higashine river), and 41cm (the Sakai river). (4) The electric conductivity of the mainstream is 61.7~158μ&mho;/cm. The tributaries of the left bank show 59.6~891.2μ&mho;/cm. The high values are found in the Ogawa (891.2μ&mho;/cm), the Sugawa (361μ&mho;/cm), the Arakawa (218μμ&mho;/cm). They are fed by the thermal spring waters. In the branches of the right bank, it is 117~363μ&mho;/cm. The high value is observed in the Irilawa (363μ&mho;/cm) which runs through valleys and paddy lands. (5) In the mainstream, the content of Cl^- is 22~38ppm. In the tributary streams of hte left bank, it is 6~36ppm. The high values are seen in the Arakawa (36ppm), the Sugawa (32ppm), and the Ogawa (28ppm) into which the hot spring waters flow. In the branches of the right bank, it is 4~86ppm. That of the Irikawa shows especially high value (86ppm), but the cause is unknown. (6) In the mainstream, the content of Na^+ is 3.3~9.6ppm. In the tributary streams of the left bank, it is 0.3~28ppm. The highest value (28ppm) is found in the Kihara river. In the tributary streams of the right bank, it is 1~36.6ppm. At Irikawa (No.21) and the Irikawa bridge, the highest values are observed, and there the contents of EC (891μ&mho;/cm) and Cl^- (86ppm) are also high. (7) In the main stream, the content of Ca^<2+> is 2.5~19ppm. In the tributaries of the left bank, it is 0.6~6.2ppm. In the tributary streams of the right bank, it is relatively high value, 3.7~22.5ppm. The highest value (22.5ppm) is observed in the Sakai river (No.28) by the side of lino (No.28) which runs through the granitic and the limestone area. (8) In the mainstream, the content of Mg^<2+> is 1.8~3.2ppm. In the tributaries of the left bank, it is 0.8~8ppm. The high values are found in the Arakawa and the Sugawa into which hot spring waters flow. In the branches of the right bank, it is 2~6.6ppm. (9) In the mainstream, the NH_<4->N content is 0.12~0.25ppm. In the branches of the left bank, it is 0.1~0.47ppm. The high values are observed in the Handa river (0.47ppm) and the Matsukawa river (0.25ppm). In the branches of the right bank, it is 0.12~0.43ppm. The high values are found in the Higashine river (0.43ppm) and at the point 3 kilometers upstream from the Okashiro bridge (0.32ppm). (10) In the mainstream, the PO^<3->_4 content is 0.02~0.12ppm. In the tributaries of the left bank, it is 0.001~0.13ppm. In the Aburai river, it is 0.13ppm. In the branches of the right bank, it is 0.12~0.43ppm. (11) In the branches of the left bank, the load of Cl^- is 5.6~241.9g/sec. The high figures are found in the Sukawa (241.9g/sec), the Arakawa (205.9g/sec) and the Matsukawa (159.4g/sec) which have spas in their upper reaches. In the tributaries of the left bank, the load of Cl^- is 1.6~93.9g/sec. The highest figure is found in the Kibata river. (12) The load of Na^+ is 0.7~98.03g/sec in the tributaries of the left bank. The high value is seen in the Matsukawa (98.03g/sec), the Sugawa (65g/sec) the Mizuhara river (57.9g/sec) and the Suriage river (56.3g/sec). In the branches of the right bank, it is 0.78~33.5g/sec. The high value can be found in the Kibata river (23.5g/sec) and the Higashine river (18.9g/sec). (13) In the tributaries of the left bank, the load of Ca^<2+> is 1~35.4g/sec. The highest value is found in the Arakawa. In the branches of the right bank, it is 1.2~32.6g/sec. The highest value is observed in the Kibata river. (14) In the tributaries of the left bank, the load of Mg^<2+> is 0.14~72.0g/sec. The high values are observed in the Arakawa (66.7g/sec) and the Sugawa (60.5g/sec). In the branches of hte right bank, ti is 0.4~9.6g/see. The branches of the right bank show lower values than those of the left bank. (15) In the branches of the left bank, the load of NH_<4->N is 0.0039~0.13g/sec. The high values are found in the Arakawa (27g/sec), the Sugawa (1.02g/sec) and the Sugawa (1.02g/sec). They are fed by hot spring waters. In the tributaries of the right bank, it is 0.001-0.063g/sec.

著者

立木 徹 伏見 陽児

出版者

茨城キリスト教大学

雑誌

茨城キリスト教大学紀要. II, 社会・自然科学 (ISSN:13426370)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.159-173, 2004-12-25

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Nankichi Niimi's literary masterpiece, Gongitsune< serves as standard educational materical for the teaching of language within many Japanese primary scholls. The protagonist is a little fox names "Gon" who lives on the outskirts of a village and who plays different kinds of pranks on the villagers. One day Gon releases fish from a net set by "Hyoju", a villager, and steals Hyoju's eels. After Hyoju's mother passes away, Gon realized Hyoju caught the eels for his ailing mother, subsequnetly regrets stealing the eels, and then returns under cover to Hyoju's house with chestnuts and mushurooms for Hyoju in order to atone for his misdeed. When Gon sneaks into Hyoju's house however, Hyoju, misunderstanding Gon7s intent, shoots Gon. Finding the chestnuts soon after, Hyoju realizes Gon's gifts were for him, and the narrative closes with Hyoju exclaiming, "Gon, was it you who always brought chestnuts for me?" Not a few readers think that Hyoju is able to understand Gon's intention of impensation for depriving Hyoju's mother of he eels. Read properly, it is clear that Hyoju does not understand Gon's intention and feelings, but the aforementioned misunderstanding nevertheless occurs. The purpose of this study was to reconfirm the erroneous interpretation by university students and attempt to correct the misinterpretation. To that end, readers needed to be made aware that there is no narrative evidence supporting Hyoju's understanding of Gon's feelings and intentions. Investigations conducted three experiments. A total of fifty university students were the subjects for 3 experiments: 16 students participated in Experiment I; 17 students participated in eachof Experiment II and Experiment III. A question booklet was distrubuted to every subjet after an examiner had read aloud the story while subjects simultaneously read the sotry silently to themselves. On page 1 of the question booklet, subjects were asked to answer 3 questions, without referring to the text, about whether or not Gon's feelings and intentions were understood by Hyoju, ranking their responses by six degrees of understanding: 1= very well understood not understood at all. The next page of the question booklet was different for each of the three experiments. In Experiment I, subjects were then assigned speccific passages of the story to read and answered 8 questions ('yes' or 'no') to confirm what was written in the story. In Enperiment 2, subjects were asked to search for evidence which showed the fact that Gon's feelings and intentions were understood by Hyoju. In Experiment 3, subjects answered 8 questions as in Experiment I, and searched for evidence as in Experiment 2. Next, subjects were permitted to refer the next, and they again answered the same questions as on page 1, regarding Hyoju's understanding of Gon's feelings and intentions. Finally, subjects were told that they had answered the same questions twice, and that if their responses had changed, subjects were asked to describe, in their own words, how and why their responses had changed. Results suggested, however, that althogh many students correctly answered the 8 plot confirmation questions on gape 2 of the qustion booklet, but could not find evidence which showed the fact that Gon7s feelings and intentions were understood by Hyoju, they still asnwered that Hyoju understood Gon's compensatory intention and his feelings. Even with evidence to the contrary, the subjects' erroneous in terpretation of Gongitsune did not improve and was not corrected. Investigators determined subjects' misreading of the text to be the result of readers both having a strong identigication with, and a sympathetic affinity for, the protagonist, Gon.