著者

三好 弘子 奥田 豊子 尾井 百合子 小石 秀夫

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.581-589, 1986 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10 20

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The effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, transit time, frequency of defecations, digestibility of nutrients and blood status were investigated in S healthy young men. Each of them consumed a brown rice diet and then a polished rice diet for 2 weeks respectively. Both diets contained 1.2g protein per kg body weight. The brown rice diet contained 2 times as much dietary fiber as the polished rice diet. When they consumed the brown rice diet, it showed an increase of fecal weight and decrease of digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat. Nitrogen balance was not significantly different and kept zero balance on both diets. Concen-tration of plasma cholesterol was not significantly different. The results suggest that rice fiber produced an increase in fecal weight, which is assumed to be effective in preventing colonic disease in advanced countries and does not affect plasma lipid level.

著者

奥田 豊子 梶原 苗美 伊達 ちぐさ 杉本 恭子 力丸 徹 藤田 美明 小石 秀夫

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.319-331, 1981 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

5 7

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A nutritional survey was held in August, 1978, at Kalugaluvi (altitude: 1, 500m) near Lufa, which is 60km from Goroka, in the Eastern Highland Province of Papua New Guinea. Anthropometric measurements were carried out on 55 males and 37 females aged from 7 to 64 years. Whereas the physiques of the children looked as good as those of Japanese of a comparable age, the adult men were shorter than Japanese males, but body weight and chest girth were similar. The skinfold thickness was less than that of the Japanese. From the data collected, it was shown that the physique of the Highlanders was more muscular than that of the Japanese. The food intakes and energy balances of 18 healthy men (20-40 years old) were measured over 2 or 3 consecutive days. The average consumption of sweet potatoes, the staple food, was 956±305g per day. The average consumption of taro and yam was 93±124g/day and 36±99g/day, respectively. Various green leaves, sugar canes, corn, bananas and other foods (i.e., rice and tinned fish) purchased from trade stores were sometimes eaten. The mean daily energy intake was 2, 390±540 kcal, which was about the same as the daily energy expenditure. The daily protein intake was 35.2±10.7g. These results are probably exceptionally high, because the survey was unfortunately held during the yearly festival season of the village when the people often ate fatty pork. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the growth of children and the physique of adults are normal in spite of the extremely low intake of protein.

著者

Harri HEMILÄ

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.374-378, 2018-10-31 (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4

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Beta-carotene has been suggested to be a factor for improving the immune system, which implies that it might decrease the risk of infections. We therefore analyzed whether beta-carotene supplementation influenced pneumonia risk in 14,564 Finnish male smokers of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Study. There were 231 pneumonia cases in the beta-carotene group and 217 cases in the placebo group. Thus, beta-carotene had no effect on the average incidence of pneumonia, RR=1.07 (95% CI: 0.89-1.29). However, cigarette smoking exposure significantly modified the effect. Beta-carotene increased pneumonia risk by RR=4.0 (95% CI: 1.63-10) among 990 participants who started to smoke at the age of ≥21 y and smoked ≥21 cigarettes per day at the study baseline. However, beta-carotene had no influence on pneumonia risk for the remaining participants. We also analyzed the effect of beta-carotene on participants who quit smoking during the ATBC Study. Among 4,290 participants who quit smoking, the 58 pneumonia cases were evenly distributed between the beta-carotene and placebo groups with RR=0.93 (95% CI: 0.55-1.55). Accordingly, no evidence was found that beta-carotene decreased pneumonia risk; instead, it significantly increased the incidence of pneumonia in a subgroup that covered 7% of the study population.

著者

Tomomi GENDA Takashi KONDO Shingo HINO Shunsaku SUGIURA Naomichi NISHIMURA Tatsuya MORITA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.357-366, 2018-10-31 (Released:2018-10-31)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

14

---

The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on gut-barrier function are still controversial in human and animal studies. Diet conditions would be a major factor for the controversy in animal studies. We fed rats a semi-purified (SP) or a non-purified diet (NP) with or without FOS (60 g/kg diet) for 9 (experiment 1) or 10 d (experiment 2). We assessed microbial fermentation, gut permeability, and inflammatory responses in the cecum (experiment 1), and mucus layer in the cecum, intestinal transit time and microbiota composition (experiment 2). FOS supplementation induced a very acidic fermentation due to the accumulation of lactate and succinate in SP, while short-chain fatty acids were major products in NP. Gut permeability estimated by urinary chromium-EDTA excretion, bacterial translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes, myeloperoxidase activity, and expressions of the inflammatory cytokine genes in the cecal mucosa were greater in SP+FOS than in SP, but these alterations were not observed between NP and NP+FOS (experiment 1). FOS supplementation destroyed the mucus layer on the epithelial surface in SP, but not in NP. Intestinal transit time was 3-fold longer in SP+FOS than in SP, but this was not the case between NP and NP+FOS. Lower species richness of cecal microbiota was manifest solely in SP+FOS (experiment 2). These factors suggest that impact of FOS on gut permeability and inflammatory responses in the cecal mucosa quite differs between SP and NP. Increased gut permeability in SP+FOS could be evoked by the disruption of the mucus layer due to stasis of the very acidic luminal contents.

著者

Yuzuru IIZUKA Aoi OZEKI Tsubasa TANI Takanori TSUDA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.258-264, 2018 (Released:2018-08-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

43

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Blackcurrants are berries that contain high levels of anthocyanins, particularly delphinidin 3-rutinoside (D3R). Several studies have reported that the consumption of blackcurrant extract (BCE) lowers blood glucose levels and ameliorates glucose tolerance, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are considered one of the most significant molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we showed that dietary BCE significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic mice (KK-Ay). The basal GLP-1 concentration in plasma was significantly increased in the BCE group accompanied by upregulation of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), the enzyme that processes intestinal proglucagon. Moreover, the level of phospho-AMPKα protein in skeletal muscle was significantly increased in the BCE group, and this was increase accompanied by significant upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) proteins in the plasma membrane of BCE group. In conclusion, dietary BCE significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and improved glucose tolerance in association with increased basal GLP-1 concentration in plasma, upregulation of PC1/3 expression, and translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic mice; furthermore, these effects were accompanied by activation of AMPK. Our findings demonstrated that D3R-rich BCE may help prevent diabetes and allow the dosages of diabetes drugs to be reduced.

著者

Tsuneyuki OKU Sadako NAKAMURA Makoto ICHINOSE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.51-57, 2005 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

13 21

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This study aims to estimate the tolerable lactose intake which can be utilized in the digestion by lactase and in the fermentation by intestinal microbes in Japanese female adults. The first, the maximum permissive dosage of lactose not to induce transitory diarrhea was estimated based on the oral ingestion of lactose at several dose levels in all the sub-jects, and compared with that of lactitol which is not hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes. A second lactose tolerance test involving 10g and 30g of lactose was carried out in 10 sub-jects showing resistance to diarrhea, and serum glucose and insulin levels and the amount of hydrogen excreted in the breath were measured for comparison with those of glucose and lactitol. Subjects were 43 Japanese female adults (average: age 20.5±2.1 y, weight 51.3±5.1kg) who had not been diagnosed as having either hypolactasia or being lactose intolerant. Serum glucose and insulin levels were scarcely elevated following the ingestion of both 10g and 30g of lactose, while the amount of hydrogen excreted in the breath was greatly increased following the ingestion of 30g of lactose, but these levels were less following the ingestion of 10g of lactose. In contrast, the ingestion of 15g of glucose significantly increased blood glucose and insulin levels, while no hydrogen was detected in the breath. The maximum permissive dosage of lactose not to induce transitory diarrhea was 0.72g/kg of body weight and that of lactitol was 0.36g/kg of body weight in Japanese adults. The digestive capacity of lactase is less than 10g of lactose by single ingestion, while intestinal microfiora are able to ferment approximately 20-30g of lactose. In addition, the ingestion of more than 10g of lactose might be contributed as prebiotics.

著者

Minoru SETOUE Seiya OHUCHI Tatsuya MORITA Kimio SUGIYAMA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.483-490, 2008 (Released:2009-01-20)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

10 14

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To clarify the relationship between dietary choline level and plasma homocysteine concentration, the effects of choline deprivation on plasma homocysteine concentration and related variables were investigated in rats fed a standard (25%) casein (25C) diet or standard soybean protein (25S) diet. Using the 25S diet, the time-dependent effect of choline deprivation and the comparative effects of three kinds of lipotropes were also investigated. Feeding rats with the choline-deprived 25S diet for 10 d significantly increased plasma total homocysteine concentration to a level 2.68-times higher than that of the control group, whereas choline deprivation had no effect in rats fed the 25C diet. Increases in hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine concentrations, decreases in hepatic betaine concentration and the activity of cystathionine β-synthase, but not betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, and fatty liver also occurred in rats fed the choline-deprived 25S diet. Plasma homocysteine concentration increased when rats were fed the choline-deprived 25S diet for only 3 d, and the increase persisted up to 20 d. The hyperhomocysteinemia induced by choline deprivation was effectively suppressed by betaine or methionine supplementation. Choline deprivation caused hyperhomocysteinemia also in rats fed a choline-deprived low (10%) casein diet. The results indicate that choline deprivation can easily induce prominent hyperhomocysteinemia when rats are fed relatively low methionine diets such as a standard soybean protein diet and low casein diet, possibly through the suppression of homocysteine removal by both remethylation and cystathionine formation. This hyperhomocysteinemia might be a useful model for investigating the role of betaine in the regulation of plasma homocysteine concentration.

著者

Mei-Zhu CHI Lin ZHU Zeng-Li ZHANG Fang-Fang JIN Hao-Ran SHAO Jia-Yin ZHENG Chao WU Guang-Qiong HU

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.161-167, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

10

---

This study was designed to determine whether there is a relationship between serum vitamin D levels and neurodevelopment and anthropometry in Chinese infants. A prospective cohort study with 160 women who gave birth to 160 healthy full-term infants and who were followed up for 6 mo was done. It included 80 pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency, and the other 80 pregnant women were enrolled matching the age and delivery method with a 25(OH)D level of more than 50 nmol/L. There was a signicant intergroup difference in length, weight or head circumference at birth (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was a signicant intergroup difference in cognitive development and achievement at 6 mo (p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, maternal 25(OH)D levels less than 50 nmol/L were independently associated with a higher tendency for a low Bayley mental score (MDI) at 6 mo (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.44-5.35, p=0.002), as well as Bayley motor score (PDI) (OR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.07-4.04, p=0.032). Thus we observed that maternal vitamin D was associated with infant neurodevelopment and anthropometry.

著者

Mansour KARAJIBANI Mohammad HASHEMI Farzaneh MONTAZERIFAR Ahmad BOLOURI Madhurima DIKSHIT

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.309-316, 2009 (Released:2009-09-18)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

13 20

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Growing evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress and increased altered oxygen utilization contribute to atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. Antioxidants protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidants status in CVD patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on 71 patients clinically diagnosed with CVD and 63 healthy individuals. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured for lipid peroxidation product and erythrocyte SOD and GPx activities as enzymatic antioxidants. The serum levels of vitamins A and E were assayed using HPLC and vitamin C by the photometric method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. The results showed a significant reduction in antioxidant status (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) with a concomitant increase in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in CVD patients. There was a significant inverse correlation among TAC, SOD, GPx and vitamin C with MDA. It can be concluded that the antioxidant defense system plays an important role in preventing the development and progression of CVD with the ability to control oxidative stress.

著者

Mami MATSUSHITA Takeshi YONESHIRO Sayuri AITA Tomoyasu KAMIYA Nobutaka KUSABA Kazuya YAMAGUCHI Kinya TAKAGAKI Toshimitsu KAMEYA Hiroki SUGIE Masayuki SAITO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.79-83, 2015 (Released:2015-05-21)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4 41

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Kaempferia parviflora extract (KP) has been reported to have a preventive effect on obesity in mice, probably by increasing energy expenditure (EE). The aims of the current study were to examine the acute effects of KP ingestion on whole-body EE in humans and to analyze its relation to the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site of non-shivering thermogenesis. After an oral ingestion of an ethanol extract of KP, EE increased significantly, showing a maximal increase of 229±69 kJ/d at 60 min, while it did not change after placebo ingestion. To evaluate BAT activity, the subjects underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, and divided into two groups with high- and low-BAT activities. A similar and greater response of EE to KP ingestion was observed in the high-BAT group (351±50 kJ/d at 60 min), but not in the low activity group. Placebo ingestion did not cause any significant EE change in either group. These results indicate that a single oral ingestion of the KP extract can potentially increase whole-body EE probably through the activation of BAT in healthy men, and may be useful as an anti-obesity regimen.

著者

Hiromi KITTAKA-KATSURA Fumio WATANABE Yoshihisa NAKANO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.438-440, 2004 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

8 11

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Vitamin B12 contents of green (0046-0263 and 0, 125-0535μg/ 100g dry weight), blue (0.068-0.081 and 0.525-0.528μg/100g dry weight), red (0.061 and 0.663μg/100g dry weight), and black (0.104-0.859 and 0.305-1.20μg/100g dry weight) tea leaves were obtained by intrinsic factor-chemiluminescence and microbiological methods, respectively. Although vitamin Bit was found in all tea leaves tested by both assay methods, the higher values by the microbiological method were not due to occurrence of both deoxyribosides and deoxynucleotides (known as an alkali-resistant factor), but may have been due to that of inactive corrinoid compounds for mammals in the tea leaves.

著者

Yusuke TAKAMURA Mitsuru NOMURA Akira UCHIYAMA Satoshi FUJITA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.339-348, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

20

---

Insulin resistance reduces insulin-induced muscle protein synthesis and accelerates muscle protein degradation. Ginseng ingestion has been reported to improve insulin resistance through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We hypothesized that panaxatriol (PT) derived from ginseng in combination with aerobic exercise (EX) may further promote protein synthesis and suppress protein degradation, and subsequently maintain muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance. KKAy insulin-resistant mice were divided into control, panaxatriol only (PT), exercise only (EX), and EX+PT groups. EX and EX+PT ran on the treadmill for 45 min at 15 m/min 5 d/wk for 6 wk. PT and EX+PT groups were fed a standard diet containing 0.2% PT for 6 wk. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) values was significantly improved after exercise for 6 wk. Moreover, EX+PT mice showed improved HOMA-R as compared to EX mice. p70S6K phosphorylation after a 4 h fast was significantly higher in EX than in the non-exercise control, and it was higher in EX+PT mice than in EX mice. Atrogin1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EX than in the non-exercise control, and was significantly lowered further by PT treatment. EX and EX+PT mice showed higher soleus muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus myofibers than control animals, with higher values noted for both parameters in EX+PT than in EX. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and PT ingestion may contribute to maintain skeletal muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance.

著者

Yasuki HIGASHIMURA Yasunori BABA Ryo INOUE Tomohisa TAKAGI Katsura MIZUSHIMA Hiromu OHNOGI Akira HONDA Yasushi MATSUZAKI Yuji NAITO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.269-276, 2017 (Released:2017-10-04)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

20

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Gut microbiota are deeply associated with the prevalence of obesity. Agarose is hydrolyzed easily to yield oligosaccharides, designated as agaro-oligosaccharides (AGO). This study evaluated the effects of AGO on obese phenotype and gut microbial composition in mice. Mice were administered AGO in drinking water (AGO-receiving mice). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Serum bile acids were ascertained using a LC-MS/MS system. Compared to the control group, AGO administration significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weights and serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, but the cecal content weights were increased. Data from the serum bile acid profile show that concentrations of primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid), but not those of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid), tended to increase in AGO-receiving mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 15 taxa differed significantly in AGO-receiving mice. Of these, the relative abundances of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively correlated with epididymal adipose tissue weight. The relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ruminococcus were correlated negatively with epididymal adipose tissue weight. Although the definitive role of gut microbes of AGO-received mice is still unknown, our data demonstrate the possibility that AGO administration affects the gut microbial composition and inhibits obesity in mice.

著者

Wenjun ZHOU Miyuki YOSHIOKA Hidehiko YOKOGOSHI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.367-373, 2009 (Released:2009-09-18)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

11 42

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The present study was designed to gain insight into the effects of s-limonene on the brain after 1-wk administration. For this purpose, neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu) and some of their metabolites (DOPAC and 5-HIAA) were determined by HPLC-ECD and amino acid analyzer after 1-wk administration of s-limonene of different concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50 mg/kg). Significant changes, such as GABA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-HT, were confirmed. At the same time, basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity after 1-wk administration of s-limonene was evaluated by corticosterone. Considering the increment of GABA and the changes of other neurotransmitters, anti-stress effects after 1-wk administration were observed. The experimental results showed that s-limonene could inhibit HPA activity under physical stress and this anti-stress effect of s-limonene may act through the GABAA receptor.

著者

Shuxiang LI Xin GAO Yancai WEI Gengchao ZHU Chen YANG

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.397-401, 2016 (Released:2017-02-16)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

22

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Previous studies have identified an association between iron deficiency and thyroid function. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. Two thousand five hundred eighty-one pregnant women who presented for the first prenatal care were enrolled and divided into three groups, the mild iron deficiency (MID) group, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group and normal control (NC) group, according to serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. The former two groups can be merged into one iron deficiency (ID) group. Thyroid function parameters were compared among the three groups, including free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). Moreover, the rates of thyroid dysfunction were also compared. Our results show that pregnant women in the MID and IDA groups have higher TSH and lower FT4 status than those in the NC group (p<0.01), and the difference between the IDA group and MID group is significant (p<0.05). TPOAb in the IDA group is higher than in the MID group and NC group. Meanwhile, the rate of hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism in the IDA group was significantly higher than in the MID group and NC group (p<0.01). And the positive rate of TPOAb is also higher in the IDA group than MID group and NC group (p<0.05). Iron deficiency is related to thyroid function and could lead to hypothyroidism during early pregnancy, which could be explained by thyroid autoimmunity.

著者

Zbigniew JASTRZEBSKI Jakub KORTAS Katarzyna KACZOR Jedrzej ANTOSIEWICZ

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.88-92, 2016 (Released:2016-06-03)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

15

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In the skin vitamin D3 is synthesized from cholesterol, which leaves the question whether a feedback mechanism controlling the level of blood cholesterol exists. Here we investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum lipids in professional rowers. The rowers were divided into two groups following the same training schedule for 4 wk: one received placebo (TP) while the second received 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 every day (TD3). Plasma total antioxidant status, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D3) were determined in pre- and post-intervention. The ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were also calculated. Furthermore, maximal oxygen uptake was also measured at baseline. There were significant decreases over time in the TD3 group in TC 186±18 vs 163±21 (p<0.05) and HDL-C; LDL-C also decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant. Moreover, the supplementation caused a significant rise in blood 25-OH-D3 (+98%). Neither training nor vitamin D3 supplementation had an effect on total antioxidant status. In conclusion, the alterations in the lipoprotein profile seen in this study would suggest that effects of regular exercise on lipoprotein profile may linked to vitamin D3 status.

著者

Kazuhiro YAMADA Tetsunori KAWATA Masahiro WADA Kazumi MORI Hiroko TAMAI Nobuo TANAKA Tadahiro TADOKORO Takamasa TOBIMATSU Tetsuo TORAYA Akio MAEKAWA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.95-101, 2007 (Released:2008-01-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

7 9

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We have previously reported that rats fed on a vitamin B12 (B12)-deficient diet containing 180 g soybean protein per kg diet showed marked histologic damage in their testes. In this paper, we report the effect of B12-deficiency on B12-dependent methionine synthase in the rats' testes and the effect of methionine supplementation of the diet on testicular damage. Rats were fed the soybean protein-based B12-deficient diet for 120 d. We confirmed that those rats were in serious B12-deficiency by measuring urinary methylmalonic acid excretion and B12 content in tissues. Methionine synthase activity in the testis of the B12-deficient rats was less than 2% of that in B12-supplemented (control) rats. To complement disrupted methionine biosynthesis, methionine was supplied in the diet. A supplement of 5 g D,L-methionine per kg diet to the B12-deficient diet did not affect urinary methylmalonic acid excretion of B12-deficient rats. The testicular histology of rats fed the methionine-supplemented B12-deficient diet was almost indistinguishable from that of control rats. Thus, we conclude that the lowered testicular methionine synthase activity is the primary cause of the histologic damage due to B12-deficiency and that methionine supplementation to the diet can reduce the damage. These findings would indicate the importance of the methionine synthase activity, especially for testicular function.

著者

Tomoya KITAKAZE Naoki HARADA Hidetaka IMAGITA Ryoichi YAMAJI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.481-487, 2015 (Released:2016-02-12)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

20

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Supplements and naturally occurring nutraceuticals effective for maintenance or enhancement of skeletal muscle mass are expected to contribute to prevention of decreased mobility and increased risk of developing metabolic diseases. However, information about available food components remains widely unavailable. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary β-carotene on the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. Male ddY mice (8 wk old) were orally administered β-carotene (0.5 mg once daily) for 14 d. Dietary β-carotene had no influence on body weight, but increased the soleus muscle/body weight ratio. The cross-sectional area (CSA) in muscle fibers of the soleus muscle was increased, indicating that administration of β-carotene induces muscle hypertrophy. In the soleus muscle of the β-carotene-administered mice, twitch force tended to be increased (p=0.06) and tetanic force was significantly increased, whereas specific force (force per CSA) remained unchanged. Dietary β-carotene increased the mRNA level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) as its splicing variant Igf-1ea, but had no influence on the liver Igf-1 mRNA level or serum IGF-1 level. β-Carotene promoted protein synthesis in the soleus muscle and reduced levels of ubiquitin conjugates, but had no influence on the mRNA levels of two atrogenes, Atrogin-1 and Murf1. On the other hand, β-carotene had no influence on the processing of the autophagy marker protein light chain 3. These results indicate that in mice, administration of β-carotene increases mass and induces functional hypertrophy in the soleus muscle, perhaps by promoting IGF-1-mediated protein synthesis and by reducing ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

著者

Koji FUKUI Keisuke NAKAMURA Masashi SHIRAI Anna HIRANO Hirokatsu TAKATSU Shiro URANO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.362-368, 2015 (Released:2015-12-04)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 20

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Vitamin E inhibits oxidative processes in living tissues. We produced vitamin E-deficient mice by feeding them a vitamin E-deficient diet to verify the influence of chronic vitamin E deficiency on cognitive function. We measured cognitive function over a 5-d period using the Morris water maze task, as well as antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in discrete brain regions, and total serum cholesterol content. Three- and six-mo-old vitamin E-deficient and age-matched control mice were used. In addition, 24-mo-old mice were used as an aged-model. In the 3-mo-old mice, cognitive function in the vitamin E-deficient (short-term vitamin E-deficient) group was significantly impaired compared to age-matched controls. Although the lipid peroxidation products in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus did not significantly differ in 3-mo-old mice, the levels in the 6-mo-old vitamin E-deficient (long-term vitamin E-deficient) mice were significantly increased compared to age-matched controls. Serum cholesterol content was also significantly increased in the short- and long-term vitamin E-deficient mice compared to their respective age-matched controls. These results indicate that chronic vitamin E deficiency may slowly accelerate brain oxidation. Thus, vitamin E concentrations may need to be monitored in order to prevent the risk of cognitive dysfunction, even under normal conditions.

著者

Kyoung Ah RHO Mi Kyung KIM

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.33-46, 2006 (Released:2007-06-15)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

12 22 30

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In this study, the freeze-dried powders from whole grapes, pomace and juice of Campbell Early (Vitis labruscana Bailey) were prepared to determine the amount of total flavonoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and dietary fiber. Effects of whole grape, pomace, or juice intakes on their antioxidative capacity and DNA damage were investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rats. A total of 120 rats at 13 mo old and weighing 549±4 g were blocked into 8 groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5, or 7 mo with diets containing 2% (w/w) dry powder of three different parts of grapes and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl2. The contents of flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins A and E, and dietary fiber in freeze-dried powder were the highest in grape pomace, but the vitamin C contents were similar among the three powders. In all the 16, 18, and 20-mo-old animals, plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels of grape-ingesting groups were lower than those of the controls and that of the grape pomace group was the lowest among the groups. Cd administration increased plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels remarkably; however, Cd+grape groups were lower than the Cd-control group. Red blood cell superoxide dismutase activity of 18- and 20-mo-old rats was higher than that of 16-mo-olds, showing an age-related increase; however, red blood cell catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased with age. Grape diets promoted superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and the grape pomace increased the activities most significantly among three different parts of the grape. Cd decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities; however Cd+grape groups showed similar activities to the non-Cd control group. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was decreased with age but catalase activity of 18-mo-old rats was higher than those of 16- and 20-mo-old groups, and glutathione peroxidase activities of 16- and 18-mo-old groups were similar but that of 20-mo-old groups decreased markedly. Grape intake increased these three antioxidative enzyme activities while Cd administration decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities except superoxide dismutase activity. The concentration in the kidney of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the 18- and 20-mo-old rats was higher than that in the 16-mo-old groups, and grape intake showed a protecting effect on DNA from age-related or Cd-induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, grape intakes, especially grape pomace with the highest content of flavonoids, β-carotene, tocopherols and dietary fiber among the three parts, showed the prominent antioxidative capacity of inhibiting age-related or Cd-induced increase of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage effectively, promoting liver and red blood cell antioxidant enzyme activities.