著者

Momona NAKASHIMA Takakazu MITANI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.420-428, 2022-10-31 (Released:2022-10-31)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

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Vitamin D and its receptor (vitamin D receptor; VDR) regulate calcium homeostasis in mammals. Recently, studies have shown that serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25VD) are negatively associated with insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissues, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) contributes to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake; however, the effect of 25VD on glucose uptake in adipocytes remains unclear. We examined the role of 25VD in glucose uptake and the differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes was increased by treatment with 25VD and decreased by VDR knockdown. The expression levels of GLUT4 were upregulated by 25VD treatment. 25VD exposure increased the expression of adipocyte differentiation-related genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins through VDR, thereby enhancing the formation of mature adipocytes. Moreover, 25VD increased the expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol in a concentration-dependent manner. 25VD-stimulated adipocyte differentiation was suppressed by HSD11B1 knockdown. Cortisone together with 25VD enhanced adipocyte differentiation, whereas synthesized glucocorticoid dexamethasone-induced adipocyte differentiation is not promoted by 25VD. Overall, these results indicate that 25VD stimulates adipocyte differentiation through the induction of HSD11B1 expression, leading to increased insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes.

著者

Yukina YAMAMOTO YUMEN Shunsuke MORITA Mayu YOSHIKAWA Hirofumi SONOKI Hiroshi IWAMOTO Yasuhiro TAKEDA Aki OGAWA Yukiko KOBAYASHI Masashi KUWAHATA Yasuhiro KIDO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.383-389, 2022-10-31 (Released:2022-10-31)

参考文献数

20

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The indicator amino acid oxidation method is a relatively new method for determining protein requirements. Our hypothesis was that the protein requirement of the casein-whey protein mixture (70% casein and 30% whey protein) was lower than the protein requirement of plain casein, because casein and whey proteins compensate for the lack of the first-limiting amino acids. The optimal mixing ratio was determined based on the amino acid scoring pattern which is used to calculate the digestible indispensable amino acid score. In this study, digestibility was not considered to determine the optimal mixing ratio because dairy protein is a good source of digestible protein. This study aimed to evaluate the protein requirements of Japanese young men by consuming casein and casein-whey protein mixture. Ten healthy young men (22±0.2 y old) participated in 12 experiments according to a graded protein intake (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 g/kg/d) of casein and casein-whey protein mixture. The mean protein requirement was calculated as the breakpoint of breath 13CO2 enrichment using change-point regression models. The mean protein requirements of Japanese young men by consuming casein and casein-whey protein mixture were estimated to be 1.00 g/kg/d and 0.90 g/kg/d, respectively. These estimated requirements were consistent with the protein quality expected from the amount of the first-limiting amino acids. The indicator amino acid oxidation method may be useful to evaluate protein quality.

著者

Kodwo Amuzuah OBENG Shinji MOCHIZUKI Shinichiro KOIKE Yuka TOYOSHIMA Yusuke SATO Fumiaki YOSHIZAWA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.312-319, 2022-08-31 (Released:2022-08-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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Tryptophan is an essential amino acid important as a protein building block, but it also serves as substrate for the generation of several bioactive compounds with important physiological roles. Furthermore, tryptophan has been reported to have a unique role as a nutritional signaling molecule that regulates protein synthesis in mouse and rat liver. In the present study, the acute effects of tryptophan on protein synthesis were confirmed and compared with those of leucine in rats. Eighteen hours fasted rats were orally administered of tryptophan or leucine at a dose of 135 mg/100 g body weight by gavage and then sacrificed 1 h after administration. The effects of tryptophan and leucine on the rate of protein synthesis were evaluated by the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) method. We also examined the ability of tryptophan to induce activation of the mTOR pathway by measuring phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1. Oral administration of tryptophan led to a stimulation of the rate of protein synthesis concomitant with activation of mTOR pathway in the liver, but not in skeletal muscle. We also investigated the sensitivity of liver protein synthesis to tryptophan administration. The half-maximal effective doses (ED50) of tryptophan in stimulating 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation were both about 60% of daily intake. The effect of tryptophan on hepatic protein synthesis was similar to that of leucine on muscle protein synthesis, and the sensitivity of liver protein synthesis to tryptophan administration appeared to be almost the same or slightly lower than that of muscle protein synthesis to leucine administration.

著者

Atsushi YAMATSU Yusuke YAMASHITA Isafumi MARU Jinwei YANG Jin TATSUZAKI Mujo KIM

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.182-187, 2015 (Released:2015-06-08)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

27 40

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The effects of two food materials, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced by natural fermentation and Apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE), on the improvement of sleep were investigated in humans. The electroencephalogram (EEG) test revealed that oral administration of GABA (100 mg) and AVLE (50 mg) had beneficial effects on sleep. GABA shortened sleep latency by 5.3 min and AVLE increased non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time by 7.6%. Simultaneous intake of GABA and AVLE shortened sleep latency by 4.3 min and increased non-REM sleep time by 5.1%. The result of questionnaires showed that GABA and AVLE enabled subjects to realize the effects on sleep. These results mean that GABA can help people to fall asleep quickly, AVLE induces deep sleep, and they function complementarily with simultaneous intake. Since both GABA and AVLE are materials of foods and have been ingested for a long time, they can be regarded as safe and appropriate for daily intake in order to improve the quality of sleep.

著者

Koji FUKUI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.Supplement, pp.S185-S187, 2019-10-11 (Released:2019-10-16)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 6

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Vitamin E is a natural lipophilic vitamin, and the most famous function of vitamin E is an antioxidant activity. Because we have α-tocopherol transfer protein, many vitamin E-related reports are about α-tocopherol. Recently, other vitamin E isoforms, tocotrienols are focusing. Because tocotrienols have unique biological functions such as induction of apoptosis, neuroprotective and anti-obesity effects. Tocotrienols contain in annatto, palm, whole wheat and rice bran. Rice is a typical food in the East Asian countries and Japan. Recently, intake of whole rice is a popular in young women of Japan. Previously, we demonstrated that treatment with tocotrienols on the neuronal cells shows a strong antioxidant effect compared to the tocopherols. In this review, I introduce about neuroprotective and anti-obesity effects of tocotrienols. I would like to show daily intake of whole rice is very good for our health in this review.

著者

Abeer E. DIEF Doaa M. SAMY Fatma I. DOWEDAR

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.1-7, 2015 (Released:2015-05-21)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

18 23

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Chronic stress affects brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses through modulation of neurotropic factors or neurotransmitters. Therefore, we investigated the role of exercise and thiamine supplementation on spatial memory and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholine (Ach) content in the hippocampus of the stressed animals. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (8 rats/group): control group; stress group; swimming and stress group; and thiamine and stress group. All animals were assessed by a T maze for spatial memory or open field test for locomotion and anxiety. BDNF and Ach were estimated in the hippocampus. Chronic immobilization stress resulted in a significant decrease in BDNF and Ach levels in the hippocampus and impairment in spatial memory functions and decreased basal activity. However, either swimming training or thiamine intake for 30 d was proved to induce a significant increase both in BDNF and Ach in conjunction with improved performance in the T maze, marked anxiolytic effect and enhanced ambulation in the open field test, as compared to the stress group. Interestingly, swimming-exercised rats showed significantly higher levels of BDNF versus thiamine-receiving rats, while thiamine-receiving rats showed higher locomotor activity and less freezing behavior in the open field test compared to the swimming group. It was concluded that decreased BDNF and Ach after stress exposure could be a mechanism for the deleterious actions of stress on memory function; swimming exercise or vitamin B1 supplementation for 30 d was a protective tool to improve coping with chronic stress by modulating BDNF and Ach content along with enhancement of memory functions and motor activities.

著者

Farah SATTAR Uzma ALMAS Nihal Abdalla IBRAHIM Aliya AKHTAR Muhammad Khuram SHAZAD Shamshad AKRAM Muhammad Shahid Nawaz KHAN Ghulam MURTAZA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.68-71, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 8

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The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of telogen effluvium (TE) and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D in the treatment of this problem in women belonging to various cities of south Punjab, Pakistan. In the present study, 40 adult women suffering from the problem of TE were included. Each woman was treated with oral vitamin D3 (200,000 IU) therapy fortnightly and a total of 6 doses were given to each patient. After 15 d of the last dose, the condition of patients was assessed clinically. The mean age of female patients was 32.2±1.5 y, 42.5% of the patients between 21–30 y of age were found to be more frequently affected with TE compared to 35% females of 31–40 y of age. Results showed significant improvement in hair growth in young (r=0.457 p<0.003) women and in those, which do not use sunscreen (r=−0.331 p<0.037) but commonly utilize milk or milk protein (r=−0.311 p<0.051). Vitamin D3 therapy resulted in the improvement of the condition in 82.5% (p<0.001) patients of TE. The use of oral vitamin D3 (200,000 IU, fortnightly) for 3 mo resulted in significant improvement in hair regrowth in the patient of TE. Results showed improvement in hair growth in young women those do not use sunscreen but commonly utilize milk or milk protein.

著者

Yoshiharu SHIMOMURA Yasuyuki KITAURA Yoshihiro KADOTA Takuya ISHIKAWA Yusuke KONDO Minjun XU Miki OTA Yukako MORISHITA Jussiaea V. BARIUAN Hongmin ZHEN

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.S112-S114, 2015 (Released:2015-11-24)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

13 20

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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids for humans and are major building blocks of proteins. Recent studies indicate that BCAAs act not only as components of proteins, but also as nutrasignals. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies investigating the physiological functions of BCAAs in the regulation of protein and glucose metabolism and brain function.

著者

Takashi MIYAWAKI Hideshi AONO Yoshiko TOYODA-ONO Hirofumi MAEDA Yoshinobu KISO Kenji MORIYAMA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.87-91, 2009 (Released:2009-04-07)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

71 90

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Sesamin, one of the lignans contained in sesame, has been considered to have medicinal effects. It has been reported that sesamin suppressed the development of hypertension in rats. In this study, using a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effect of 4-wk administration of sesamin on blood pressure (BP) in mildly hypertensive humans. Twenty-five middle-aged subjects with mild hypertension were divided into two groups, matched by age and body mass index. Twelve subjects were allocated to 4-wk intake of capsules with 60 mg sesamin per day and 13 subjects to 4-wk intake of a placebo (period 1). After a 4-wk washout period, the subjects received the alternative administration for 4 wk (period 2). BP decreased with statistical significance with the administration of sesamin (systolic: 137.6±2.2 to 134.1±1.7 mmHg, p=0.044, diastolic: 87.7±1.3 to 85.8±1.0 mmHg, p=0.045), but little changed with the placebo (systolic: 135.0±1.8 to 135.1±1.7 mmHg, diastolic: 85.9±1.2 to 86.6±1.2 mmHg). In conclusion, 4-wk administration of 60 mg sesamin significantly decreased BP by an average of 3.5 mmHg systolic BP and 1.9 mmHg diastolic BP. These results suggest that sesamin has an antihypertensive effect in humans. Epidemiological studies suggested that a 2-3 mmHg decrease in BP reduces the rate of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it is considered that BP reduction achieved by sesamin may be meaningful to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

著者

Christina RUSLI Agussalim BUKHARI Nurpudji A. TASLIM Suryani AS’AD Haerani RASYID

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.Supplement, pp.S25-S31, 2020 (Released:2021-02-22)

参考文献数

26

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Overweight or obesity will increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. In older people, the risk is higher, but also paradoxically associated with lower mortality rates. Overweight patients vary in body composition and when it coupled with limited reliable sources to make caloric requirements estimation will make nutrition therapy extremely challenging. This case study reveals the nutrition therapy support in critically ill overweight elderly patient with heart failure, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and chronic kidney disease. An 80-year old moderate malnourished male patient (body mass index 24.6 kg/m2) with acute lung edema, cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and chronic kidney disease was admitted in the cardiovascular intensive-care unit. The patient was treated with diuretics, vasopressor support, and antibiotics. Oral intake was reduced due to shortness of breath and loss of appetite. The physical examination revealed basal lung rales, wheezing, muscle wasting, edema. Blood tests showed hyperkalemia, leucocytosis, depletion of the immune system, hyperuricemia, hypoalbuminemia, and dyslipidemia. The patient was on stage 5 renal failure (GFR 6.2 mL/min) but refused hemodialysis treatment. Nutritional therapy was given gradually with calorie target 1900 kcal and protein 0.6–1.2 g/ideal body weight/d using normal foods, oral nutrition supplement, and amino acids parenteral nutrition. After 13 d of nutritional treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital with no shortness of breath, adequate nutrition intake, increased renal function (GFR 22.4 mL/min), and improvement of the blood test results (immune status, uric acid, albumin, and lipid profile). Critically ill overweight elderly patients are hypercatabolic and have increased nutrient demands. Nutritional support in these patients is required to provide necessary nutrient substrates and to alter the course and outcome of the disease.

著者

Yoshimi KISHIMOTO Emi SAITA Chie TAGUCHI Masayuki AOYAMA Yukinori IKEGAMI Reiko OHMORI Kazuo KONDO Yukihiko MOMIYAMA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.237-245, 2020-06-30 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 15

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Green tea and coffee contain various bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols), and their consumption has been proposed to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the associations between the consumption of green tea and that of coffee and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Japanese patients. The study group was 612 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Tokyo Medical Center between July 2008 and February 2017. CAD was confirmed in 388 of the patients: one-vessel disease (1-VD, n=166); two-vessel disease (2-VD, n=112); three-vessel disease (3-VD, n=110). Myocardial infarction (MI) was found in 138 patients. After adjustment for well-known atherosclerotic risk factors and other dietary habits, greater green tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with CAD prevalence (p for trend=0.044), and the patients who drank >3 cups/d had a lower prevalence of CAD compared to those who drank <1 cup/d (odds ratio [OR]: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.98). Greater green tea consumption (>3 cups/d) was also associated with a decreased prevalence of 3-VD (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.98, p-trend=0.047) and MI (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.97, p-trend=0.037). In contrast, coffee consumption was not associated with CAD or MI. In subgroup analyses, the inverse association between green tea consumption and CAD or MI was found in the high intake groups of vegetables or fruits but not in the low intake groups of vegetables or fruits. These results suggest a beneficial effect of green tea consumption, especially with a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, against coronary atherosclerosis in Japanese.

著者

中嶋 洋子 鈴江 緑衣郎

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.579-587, 1983 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

27

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Ten-week old rats were fed an AIN-76 purified diet ad libitum and were given 3-acetylpyridine which is an antagonistic agent of nicotinic acid. The quantity and composition of myelin in the brain were analyzed after administration of 3-acetylpyridine for 40 days. Body weight, myelin yield, cerebroside level and specific activity of 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase in the brain decreased by administration of 3-acetylpyridine. Despite the decreased myelin yield, the proportion of protein and total lipid and the percentage composition of lipid in myelin did not change by administration of 3-acetylpyridine. Therefore, we have concluded that 3-acetylpyridine plays a significant role in the loss of myelin.

著者

Keiko KOBAYASHI Yuki ISHIZAKI Shosuke KOJO Hiroe KIKUZAKI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.123-129, 2016 (Released:2016-06-03)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 6

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Sphingomyelinases (SMases) are key enzymes involved in many diseases which are caused by oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. SMases hydrolyze sphingomyelin to generate ceramide, a well-known pro-apoptotic lipid. SMases are classified into five types based on pH optimum, subcellular localization, and cation dependence. Previously, we demonstrated that elevation of secretory sphingomyelinase (sSMase) activity increased the plasma ceramide concentration under oxidative stress induced by diabetes and atherosclerosis in murine models. These results suggest that sSMase inhibitors can prevent the progress of these diseases. The present study demonstrated that sSMase activity was activated by oxidation and inhibited by reduction. Furthermore, we examined whether catechins inhibited the sSMase activity in a physiological plasma concentration. Among catechins, (−)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECg) exhibited strong inhibitory effect on sSMase (IC50=25.7 μM). This effect was attenuated by methylation at the 3″- or 4″-position. On the other hand, (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCg) and (−)-catechin 3-O-gallate (Cg) exhibited weaker inhibitory activity than ECg, and (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin did not affect sSMase activity. Additionally, one synthetic catechin, (−)-3′-O-methylepigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCg-3′-O-Me), showed the strongest inhibitory effect (IC50=1.7 μM) on sSMase. This phenomenon was not observed for (−)-4′-O-methylepigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. These results suggest that the reduction potential, the presence of the galloyl residue at the C-3 position, and the steric requirement to interact with sSMase protein are important for effective inhibition of sSMase.

著者

Yongshou YANG Kan TAKAHARA Thanutchaporn KUMRUNGSEE Akiko KIMOTO Fumio SHIMAMOTO Norihisa KATO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.443-450, 2019-10-31 (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 3

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The effect of low-dose of ethanol consumption on the development of colon cancer is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose ethanol (0.5%, 1%, and 2% [v/v] ethanol in drinking water) for 28 wk on colon tumor incidence in rats injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Body weight, fluid and food consumption, and the total numbers of colon adenomas (mild-, moderate-, and severe-grade dysplasia) per rat were unaffected by ethanol consumption. However, the numbers of severe-grade dysplasia were significantly reduced by 1% ethanol compared with the control (0% ethanol; −93%) but not by 0.5% and 2% ethanol. Although the numbers of total adenocarcinomas were unaffected, those of total of adenomas and adenocarcinomas together were significantly reduced by 0.5% and 1% ethanol (−39% and −41%, respectively). Intriguingly, real-time PCR assay indicated the abundance of cecal Clostridium leptum (a putative immunosuppressor) was the least in rats received 1% ethanol. Furthermore, 1% ethanol markedly increased colonic mRNA of IL-6, a putative suppressor of regulatory T-cells and cytoprotector. This study provides the first evidence for the potential of 1% ethanol, but not 2% ethanol, to prevent colon tumorigenesis in rats, supporting the J-curve hypothesis of the effect of low-dose alcohol on health. Further, the modulation of C. leptum and expression of IL-6, potentially linking to carcinogenesis, by 1% ethanol may provide an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the anti-colon tumor effect.

著者

Aryati AHMAD Cheryl ISHERWOOD Margot UMPLEBY Bruce GRIFFIN

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.Supplement, pp.S18-S24, 2020 (Released:2021-02-22)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7

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It has been proposed that a high sugar intake was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and metabolic syndrome depending on the amount of carbohydrate (CHO), other nutrients in foods, and underlying metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high (HS) and low sugar (LS) diets on metabolic profiles in 25 middle-aged men at increased CVD risk in a 12-week randomised cross-over intervention study. An isocaloric dietary exchanged model consisted of HS (24% energy from sugar) and LS (6% energy from sugar) with comparable total CHO, fat and fibre composition in normal foods was used. Anthropometric, blood pressure and plasma lipid profile were measured pre- and post-intervention. Body weight, waist circumference and fat mass increased and decreased significantly after HS (by 0.7±0.3 kg, 1.4±1.0 cm and 0.5±0.3 kg) and LS (by 2.1±0.5 kg, 2.0±0.8 cm and 1.4±0.3 kg) (p<0.05), respectively. Plasma TG increased significantly after HS by 0.26±0.07 mmol/L and decreased after LS by 0.35±0.16 mmol/L. Plasma HDL decreased by 0.11±0.03 mmol/L (p<0.05) after HS, whilst, plasma TC and LDL decreased significantly by 10% after LS. There was no significant change in other parameters after either diet. This study confirmed that a diet with a greater proportion of sugar increased CVD risk via negative changes in metabolic profiles including body weight, waist circumference and lipid parameters, whereas LS produced the positive effects. A restriction of sugar intake to lower than 10% energy intake is vital to reduce CVD risk.

著者

Jae Cheol KIM Gi Duck PARK Sang Hyun KIM

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.277-283, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

3 9

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The objective of the present study was to analyze the activation and expression patterns of upstream and downstream factors of PGC-1α to determine whether antioxidant (AO) supplementation inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscles as an adaptation to endurance training, as well as to analyze changes in endurance capacity based on such findings. For this objective, 24 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into 4 groups (vehicle-sedentary, V-Sed; vehicle-exercise, V-EX; antioxidant-sedentary, AO-Sed; antioxidant-exercise, AO-EX) of 6 rats each. The rats were then treated with vitamin C (500 mgkg−1 body weightd−1) or a placebo for 8 wk, and a swimming program was implemented in some rats during the last 4 wk of this period. Immediately after the last training session, blood was collected from the tail of each rat, and TBARS was measured to test the effect of vitamin C as an AO. As a result, increased oxidative stress from exercise was inhibited by vitamin C supplementation. Analysis of whether reduced oxidative stress by vitamin C supplementation also inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis within skeletal muscles showed that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and AMPK, along with levels of PGC-1α, NRF-1, mtTFA, and mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, increased after endurance training in spite of vitamin C supplementation. Moreover, running time, distance, and total work increased significantly in the exercise group as compared to those in the sedentary group, regardless of vitamin C supplementation. These results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and endurance capacity increase as a result of endurance training, regardless of AO supplementation.

著者

Akiko MIZOTE Mika YAMADA Chiyo YOSHIZANE Norie ARAI Kazuhiko MARUTA Shigeyuki ARAI Shin ENDO Rieko OGAWA Hitoshi MITSUZUMI Toshio ARIYASU Shigeharu FUKUDA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.380-387, 2016 (Released:2017-02-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

13 33

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We previously performed animal studies that suggested that trehalose potentially prevents the development of metabolic syndrome in humans. To evaluate this possibility, we examined whether trehalose suppressed the progression of insulin resistance in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 34 subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥23. The subjects were divided into two groups and were assigned to ingest either 10 g/d of trehalose or sucrose with meals for 12 wk. During the study, body composition and blood biochemical parameters were measured at week 0, 8, and 12. These parameters were also measured 4 wk after the end of intake to confirm the washout of test substances. In the trehalose group, blood glucose concentrations after a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test significantly decreased following 12 wk of intake in comparison with baseline values (0 wk). When a stratified analysis was performed in the subjects whose percentage of truncal fat approached the high end of the normal range, the change in body weight, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the trehalose group than in the sucrose group. Our data indicated that a daily intake of 10 g of trehalose improved glucose tolerance and progress to insulin resistance. Furthermore, these results suggested that trehalose can potentially reduce the development of metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyle-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.

著者

カビル ヤルル 山口 麻美 木村 修一

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.341-346, 1987 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

47 87

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To study the effect of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa) on hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a diet containing 5% mushroom powder and 0.5 NaCl solution as drinking water for 9 weeks. The dietary mushrooms decreased the blood pressure. The plasma free cholesterol level decreased in Shiitake-fed animals, whereas in Maitake-fed animals the total cholesterol level decreased. There was no difference in the plasma triglyceride and phospholipid levels among the experimental groups. Shiitake feeding resulted in a decrease in VLDL and HDL-cholesterol whereas Maitake feeding caused a decrease in VLDL-cholesterol only. Plasma LDLcholesterol was not affected by dietary mushrooms. The results suggest that dietary mushrooms prevent blood pressure increase in hypertension.

著者

Fumio WATANABE Joachi SCHWARZ Shigeo TAKENAKA Emi MIYAMOTO Noriharu OHISHI Esther NELLE Rahel HOCHSTRASSER Yukinori YABUTA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.6, pp.438-441, 2012 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

9 28

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This study determined the vitamin B12 content of six wild edible mushrooms which are consumed by European vegetarians. Zero or trace levels (0.01-0.09 μg/100 g dry weight) of vitamin B12 were determined in porcini mushrooms (Boletus spp.), parasol mushrooms (Macrolepiota procera), oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), and black morels (Morchella conica). By contrast, black trumpet (Craterellus cornucopioides) and golden chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) mushrooms contained considerable levels (1.09-2.65 μg/100 g dry weight) of vitamin B12. To determine whether C. cornucopioides or C. cibarius contained vitamin B12 or other corrinoid compounds that are inactive in humans, we purified a corrinoid compound using an immunoaffinity column and identified it as vitamin B12 based on LC/ESI-MS/MS chromatograms.

著者

Tzuen Yih SAW Najib Abdul MALIK Kee Pah LIM Cheryl Wei Ling TEO Esther Sook Miin WONG San Choon KONG Chee Wai FONG Jordan PETKOV Wei Ney YAP

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.318-327, 2019-08-31 (Released:2019-08-31)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

9

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by damaged colonic mucosa and submucosa layers that are caused by excessive inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the use of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in mitigating damages caused by UC on the colon epithelium. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice were treated with vehicle control, TRF, alpha-tocopherol (αTP) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Observable clinical signs, quality of stool, histopathological scoring, inflammatory and oxidative markers were assessed. Vitamin E levels of colons and plasma were quantified. Oral supplementation of TRF significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced UC by lowering the disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological inflammatory scoring. TRF also attenuated the DSS-induced enlargement of spleen and shortening of the colon. TRF has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties indicated by the attenuation of DSS-induced upregulation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and pNF-κB. These improvements were similar to that of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment. In contrast, αTP did not demonstrate evident clinical and histopathological improvements. The superior protective effect of TRF may be ascribed to the preferential absorption of TRF by the gut mucosa. TRF alleviated the signs and symptoms of acute UC in murine model via the reduction of local inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. These effects suggested that TRF could serve as a gut health supplement for preventive measures for UC condition in patients.