著者

Kanae Masuda Takashi Akagi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.95-107, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

136

被引用文献数

2

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Sexuality is the main strategy for maintaining genetic diversity within a species. In flowering plants (angiosperms), sexuality is derived from ancestral hermaphroditism and multiple sexualities can be expressed in an individual. The mechanisms conferring chromosomal sex determination in plants (or dioecy) have been studied for over a century by both biologists and agricultural scientists, given the importance of this field for crop cultivation and breeding. Despite extensive research, the sex determining gene(s) in plants had not been identified until recently. In this review, we dissect plant sex evolution and determining systems, with a focus on crop species. We introduced classic studies with theoretical, genetic, and cytogenic approaches, as well as more recent research using advanced molecular and genomic techniques. Plants have undergone very frequent transitions into, and out of, dioecy. Although only a few sex determinants have been identified in plants, an integrative viewpoint on their evolutionary trends suggests that recurrent neofunctionalization events are potentially common, in a “scrap and (re)build” cycle. We also discuss the potential association between crop domestication and transitions in sexual systems. We focus on the contribution of duplication events, which are particularly frequent in plant taxa, as a trigger for the creation of new sexual systems.

著者

Keisuke Nagai Motoyuki Ashikari

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.108-116, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5

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Rice plants that form ventilated tissues, such as aerenchyma in the leaves, stems, and roots, allow for growth in waterlogged conditions (paddy fields), but they cannot breathe and drown in flooded environments where the whole plant body is submerged. However, deepwater rice plants grown in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia survive in prolonged flooded environments by taking in air through an elongated stem (internode) and leaves that emerge above the water surface, even if the water level is several meters high and flooding continues for several months. Although it has been known that plant hormones, such as ethylene and gibberellins, promote internode elongation in deepwater rice plants, the genes that control rapid internode elongation during submergence have not been identified. We recently identified several genes responsible for the quantitative trait loci involved in internode elongation in deepwater rice. Identification of the the genes revealed a molecular gene network from ethylene to gibberellins in which internode elongation is promoted by novel ethylene-responsive factors and enhances gibberellin responsiveness at the internode. In addition, elucidation of the molecular mechanism of internode elongation in deepwater rice will help our understanding of the internode elongation mechanism in normal paddy rice and contribute to improving crops through the regulation of internode elongation.

著者

Yu Takahashi Hiroo Nasu Seiji Nakayama Norihiko Tomooka

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.117-131, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

132

被引用文献数

3

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Domestication of azuki bean and soybean has enabled them to acquire non-dormant seeds, non-shattering pods, and larger seed size. Seed remains of the Jomon period recently discovered at archeological sites in the Central Highlands of Japan (6,000–4,000 BP) suggest that the use of azuki bean and soybean and their increase in seed size began earlier in Japan than in China and Korea; molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that azuki bean and soybean originated in Japan. Recent identification of domestication genes indicate that the domestication traits of azuki bean and soybean were established by different mechanisms. Analyses of domestication related genes using DNA extracted from the seed remains would reveal further details about their domestication processes.

著者

Masaya Yamamoto Tomoko Ishii Marina Ogura Takashi Akanuma Xing-Yu Zhu Hiroyasu Kitashiba

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.132-145, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

97

被引用文献数

1

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Self-incompatibility is the system that inhibits pollen germination and pollen tube growth by self-pollen. This trait is important for the breeding of Brassica and Raphanus species. In these species, self-incompatibility is governed by the S locus, which contains three linked genes (a set called the S haplotype), i.e., S-locus receptor kinase, S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11, and S-locus glycoprotein. A large number of S haplotypes have been identified in Brassica oleracea, B. rapa, and Raphanus sativus to date, and the nucleotide sequences of their many alleles have also been registered. In this state, it is important to avoid confusion between S haplotypes, i.e., an identical S haplotype with different names and a different S haplotype with an identical S haplotype number. To mitigate this issue, we herein constructed a list of S haplotypes that are easily accessible to the latest nucleotide sequences of S-haplotype genes, together with revisions to and an update of S haplotype information. Furthermore, the histories of the S-haplotype collection in the three species are reviewed, the importance of the collection of S haplotypes as a genetic resource is discussed, and the management of information on S haplotypes is proposed.

著者

Maneechat Nikornpun Kridsada Sukwiwat Kittisak Wongsing Jutamas Kumchai

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.158-167, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

48

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Selfing and crossing methods were used to develop the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines from 2 elite F1 hybrids of CMS hot chilies. The pungency of the CMS lines was improved by backcrossing with the B cultivar. The first and second backcrossed progenies of the CMS lines showed significantly higher capsaicin contents than the F1 hybrids. One good female line K16 × BBC2 (K16), was selected and backcrossed with 3 good maintainer cultivars, C5, C9 and C0. Some incomplete male sterility of pollens was demonstrated in the F1 hybrids and the 1st backcrossed progenies while the partial sterility disappeared by the stage of the second and third generations of backcrossing. When K16 and P32 were crossed with restorers, fruit yields and yield components of certain F1 hybrids, parental lines and commercial varieties were significantly different. Heterosis of yield and yield components of the F1 hybrid chilies was significant. When K16 was used as a female parent, positive and significant heterosis of the F1 hybrids was the same as P32. Moreover, significant GCA of the restorer lines, C7, C8 and C9, was observed in some horticultural characteristics. Furthermore, significant differences of the specific combining ability of some characteristics were observed in a few F1 hybrids.

著者

Lijiao Fan Dongshan Wei Xingwang Yu Fengqiang Yu Jiameng Wang Guirong Sun Alatengsuhe Li Zhang Guosheng Zhang Haifeng Yang

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.180-192, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

62

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To identify the function of the SpsNAC042 gene and its response to salt and drought stress, the SpsNAC042 gene was transformed into Populus hopeiensis by the Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method, and the phenotypic, physiological changes and related genes expression of transgenic lines were analyzed. The results showed that the number and length of roots of transgenic lines increased significantly. The leaves of transgenic lines curled inward. Under salt and simulated drought stress, the transgenic lines showed improved tolerance to salt and drought. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and proline content in the transgenic lines were significantly increased, and the reduction rates of total chlorophyll and MDA content were significantly decreased, which indicated that the transgenic lines showed strong physiological responses under stress. Meanwhile, the gene expression of MPK6, SOS1, HKT1 and P5CS1 were significantly upregulated, and the gene expression of PRODH1 was significantly downregulated, which preliminarily verified the stress regulation mechanism that SpsNAC042 might activate. The above results showed that the SpsNAC042 gene could promote root development, make leaf morphology curl, and enhance P. hopeiensis tolerance to stress.

著者

Ngoc B. Nguyen Nguyet T. M. Nguyen Nhai T. Nguyen Linh H. Le Nghia T. La Thuy T. T. Nguyen Mary Jeany Yanoria Nagao Hayashi Hiroki Saito Mitsuhiro Obara Tadashi Sato Yoshimichi Fukuta

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.193-203, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

40

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A unique genetic variation with respect to blast resistance was clarified in 201 rice accessions from Vietnam. These accessions were classified into three clusters—A, B1, and B2—based on their reactions to 26 standard differential blast isolates selected in Vietnam. Cluster A was the dominant cultivar group in Vietnam and the most susceptible of the three clusters. Cluster B1 was the smallest group and the most resistant. Cluster B2 was the second-most dominant group and of intermediate resistance between clusters A and B1. The percentages of accessions comprising each cluster varied by region and area. Accessions in cluster A were distributed widely throughout Vietnam and had the highest frequencies in both the Central and North regions. Accessions in cluster B2 were found with highest frequencies in the mountainous and intermediate areas of the North region. Accessions in cluster B1 were found with highest frequencies in the Central region and Red River Delta area (North region). These results suggest that rice accessions in Vietnam were basically susceptible (cluster A) or of intermediate resistance (cluster B2), and that high-resistance cultivars were mainly distributed in the low altitude areas, such as the Red River Delta area and Central region.

著者

Naoya Yamaguchi Yumi Sato Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara Kazuki Yamashita Michio Kawasaki Masao Ishimoto Mineo Senda

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.204-211, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

32

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Low temperatures after flowering cause seed cracking (SC) in soybean. Previously, we reported that proanthocyanidin accumulation on the dorsal side of the seed coat, controlled by the I locus, may lead to cracked seeds; and that homozygous IcIc alleles at the I locus confer SC tolerance in the line Toiku 248. To discover new genes related to SC tolerance, we evaluated the physical and genetic mechanisms of SC tolerance in the cultivar Toyomizuki (genotype II). Histological and texture analyses of the seed coat revealed that the ability to maintain hardness and flexibility under low temperature, regardless of proanthocyanidin accumulation in the dorsal seed coat, contributes to SC tolerance in Toyomizuki. This indicated that the SC tolerance mechanism differed between Toyomizuki and Toiku 248. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of recombinant inbred lines revealed a new, stable QTL related to SC tolerance. The relationship between this new QTL, designated as qCS8-2, and SC tolerance was confirmed in residual heterozygous lines. The distance between qCS8-2 and the previously identified QTL qCS8-1, which is likely the Ic allele, was estimated to be 2–3 Mb, so it will be possible to pyramid these regions to develop new cultivars with increased SC tolerance.

著者

Katsunori Tanaka Mitsuhiro Sugiyama Gentaro Shigita Ryoma Murakami Thanh-Thuy Duong Yasheng Aierken Anna M Artemyeva Zharas Mamypbelov Ryuji Ishikawa Hidetaka Nishida Kenji Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.219-229, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

57

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To uncover population structure, phylogenetic relationship, and diversity in melons along the famous Silk Road, a seed size measurement and a phylogenetic analysis using five chloroplast genome markers, 17 RAPD markers and 11 SSR markers were conducted for 87 Kazakh melon accessions with reference accessions. Kazakh melon accessions had large seed with exception of two accessions of weedy melon, Group Agrestis, and consisted of three cytoplasm types, of which Ib-1/-2 and Ib-3 were dominant in Kazakhstan and nearby areas such as northwestern China, Central Asia and Russia. Molecular phylogeny showed that two unique genetic groups, STIa-2 with Ib-1/-2 cytoplasm and STIa-1 with Ib-3 cytoplasm, and one admixed group, STIAD combined with STIa and STIb, were prevalent across all Kazakh melon groups. STIAD melons that phylogenetically overlapped with STIa-1 and STIa-2 melons were frequent in the eastern Silk Road region, including Kazakhstan. Evidently, a small population contributed to melon development and variation in the eastern Silk Road. Conscious preservation of fruit traits specific to Kazakh melon groups is thought to play a role in the conservation of Kazakh melon genetic variation during melon production, where hybrid progenies were generated through open pollination.

著者

Mari Sugiyama Miyu Norizuki Shinji Kikuchi Yasuo Yasui Katsuhiro Matsui

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.230-236, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an annual self-incompatible plant that is widely grown. The genus Fagopyrum comprises more than 20 species, including F. cymosum, a perennial that, unlike common buckwheat, is highly resistant to excess water. In this study, we developed interspecific hybrids between F. esculentum and F. cymosum via embryo rescue, to improve undesirable traits of common buckwheat, such as low tolerance to excess water. The interspecific hybrids were confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We also developed DNA markers to confirm the identity of the hybrids and if genes derived from each genome were inherited by the next generation. Observations of pollen indicated that the interspecific hybrids were essentially sterile. Unpaired chromosomes and abnormal segregation during meiosis were likely responsible for the pollen sterility of the hybrids. These findings could facilitate buckwheat breeding to produce lines that can withstand harsh environments with wild or related species in the genus Fagopyrum.

著者

井上 頼数 渋谷 正夫 鈴木 芳夫

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.202-206, 1955-12-25 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

13

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In order to study the effect of moisture on the vernalization of seed in Japanese radish, Rapfaaleus sativus L., some experiirnents, were held in 1951, usingi the stock seed of. Nerima-shiriboso variety. In each treatment, the seed was placed, in Petris dish which was put in desicator. Moisture treatments were as follows:,

著者

Yutaka Sato Katsutoshi Tsuda Yoshiyuki Yamagata Hiroaki Matsusaka Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Yuri Yoshida Ayumi Agata Kim Nhung Ta Sae Shimizu-Sato Toshiya Suzuki Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi Takahiko Kubo Shoko Kawamoto Ken-Ichi Nonomura Hideshi Yasui Toshihiro Kumamaru

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.291-298, 2021 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

5

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Biological resources are the basic infrastructure of bioscience research. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a good experimental model for research in cereal crops and monocots and includes important genetic materials used in breeding. The availability of genetic materials, including mutants, is important for rice research. In addition, Oryza species are attractive to researchers for both finding useful genes for breeding and for understanding the mechanism of genome evolution that enables wild plants to adapt to their own habitats. NBRP-RICE contributes to rice research by promoting the usage of genetic materials, especially wild Oryza accessions and mutant lines. Our activity includes collection, preservation and distribution of those materials and the provision of basic information on them, such as morphological and physiological traits and genomic information. In this review paper, we introduce the activities of NBRP-RICE and our database, Oryzabase, which facilitates the access to NBRP-RICE resources and their genomic sequences as well as the current situation of wild Oryza genome sequencing efforts by NBRP-RICE and other institutes.

著者

森島 啓子

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.265-274, 1975-10-31 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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ダリスグラスはアポミクシスを行う多年草で,わが国には牧草として導入される以前から雑草として定着している。本実験はこの種の持つ雑草性,すなわち撹乱環境に対する適応性の機構を知るために行なったものである。熊本・宮崎・静岡の各県で採集した20の自生集団を用いて,1)各種形質の変異,2)ふみつけ反応性,3)スズメノヒエおよびメヒシバとの競争を調査した。得られた主な結果は次のとおりである。 有性生殖する他の種に比べて遺伝的変異は著しく少なかった。しかし集団間および集団内に遺伝的変異が存在することが確められた。さらに,各地区の分布中心の集団より周辺の集団の方が遺伝的変異を多く含む傾向が見出された。このことはまれに起る有性生殖によって遺伝的変異を増した集団が新しい生育地に移住したことを示唆する。また,ふみつけに対する抵抗性を持つこと,表現型可変性が大きいこと,他種が占有している場所では幼植物は死亡しやすいが,混みあっていない場所では旺盛に生長し他種に勝つことなどが明らかになった。 ダリスグラスの雑草性は,ストレス抵抗性,競争力,大きい表現型可変性,無性的な種子による移住力に基づいているのであろう。その雑草性を発現する遺伝子型はアポミクシスによってそのまま繁殖すると考えれる。

著者

Tong Ly Hiroyuki Fukuoka Asami Otaka Atsushi Hoshino Shigeru Iida Eiji Nitasaka Nobuyoshi Watanabe Tsutomu Kuboyama

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.99-104, 2012 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 5

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Although Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.) has been used intensively for genetic studies, DNA markers have not been developed in Ipomoea nil sufficient to cover all chromosomes. Therefore, we conducted microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) marker development in I. nil for future genetic studies. From 92,662 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences, 514 unique microsatellite-containing ESTs were identified. Primer pairs were designed automatically in 326 SSRs. Of 150 SSRs examined, 75 showed polymorphisms among strains. A phenogram based on the SSR genotypes revealed the genetic relation among seven Japanese morning glories from five different regions of the world and an ivyleaf morning glory (I. hederacea Jacq.). The developed SSR markers might be applicable for genetic studies of morning glories and their relatives.

著者

Fang Wang Song Chen Kewei Cai Zhimin Lu Yuchun Yang Mulualem Tigabu Xiyang Zhao

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.550-563, 2021 (Released:2021-12-10)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

3

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Cold stress is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Pinus sibirica is extremely frigostable tree species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance by P. sibirica, physiological responses were analyzed and transcriptome profiling was conducted to the plants treated by cold stress. The physiological data showed that membrane permeability relative conductivity (REC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 871, 1397 and 872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cold treatment for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at –20°C, respectively. The signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ as a signaling molecule and abscisic acid pathways were the main cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica. The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor families also play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of P. sibirica. In addition, many genes related to photosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with quantitative real-time PCR. This study lays the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to cold responses in P. sibirica.

著者

Jessey Anderson Msami Yoshiki Kawaguchi Katsuyuki Ichitani Satoru Taura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.144-154, 2021 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

2

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Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease constraining rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. The XM6 line was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea from IR24, an Indica cultivar that is susceptible to Philippine and Japanese Xoo races. XM6 was confirmed to carry a recessive gene named xa20, resistant to six Philippine and five Japanese Xoo races. The chromosomal gene location was found using 10 plants with the shortest lesion length in an F2 population consisting of 298 plants from a susceptible Japonica variety Koshihikari × XM6. Analysis using PCR-based DNA markers covering the whole rice genome indicated the gene as located on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. The IKC3 line carries IR24 genetic background with Koshihikari fragment on chromosome 3 where a resistance gene was thought to be located. The F2 population from IKC3 × XM6 clearly showed a bimodal distribution separating resistant and susceptible plants. Further linkage analysis conducted using this F2 population revealed that xa20 is located within the 0.8 cM region flanked by DNA markers KIC3-33.88 (33.0 Mb) and KIC3-34.06 (33.2 Mb). This study yields important findings for resistance breeding and for the genetic mechanism of Xoo resistance.

著者

Shota Teramoto Masanori Yamasaki Yusaku Uga

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22010, (Released:2022-07-01)

被引用文献数

4

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To explore the genetic resources that could be utilized to help improve root system architecture phenotypes in rice (Oryza sativa), we have conducted genome-wide association studies to investigate maximum root length and crown root number in 135 10-day-old Japanese rice accessions grown hydroponically. We identified a quantitative trait locus for crown root number at approximately 32.7 Mbp on chromosome 4 and designated it qNCR1 (quantitative trait locus for Number of Crown Root 1). A linkage disequilibrium map around qNCR1 suggested that three candidate genes are involved in crown root number: a cullin (LOC_​Os04g55030), a gibberellin 20 oxidase 8 (LOC_​Os04g55070), and a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (LOC_​Os04g55080). The combination of haplotypes for each gene was designated as a haploblock, and haploblocks 1, 2, and 3 were defined. Compared to haploblock 1, the accessions with haploblocks 2 and 3 had fewer crown roots; approximately 5% and 10% reductions in 10-day-old plants and 15% and 25% reductions in 42-day-old plants, respectively. A Japanese leading variety Koshihikari and its progenies harbored haploblock 3. Their crown root number could potentially be improved using haploblocks 1 and 2.

著者

Seishi Ninomiya

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.3-18, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

参考文献数

180

被引用文献数

18

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In contrast to the rapid advances made in plant genotyping, plant phenotyping is considered a bottleneck in plant science. This has promoted high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTP) studies, resulting in an exponential increase in phenotyping-related publications. The development of HTP was originally intended for use as indoor HTP technologies for model plant species under controlled environments. However, this subsequently shifted to HTP for use in crops in fields. Although HTP in fields is much more difficult to conduct due to unstable environmental conditions compared to HTP in controlled environments, recent advances in HTP technology have allowed these difficulties to be overcome, allowing for rapid, efficient, non-destructive, non-invasive, quantitative, repeatable, and objective phenotyping. Recent HTP developments have been accelerated by the advances in data analysis, sensors, and robot technologies, including machine learning, image analysis, three dimensional (3D) reconstruction, image sensors, laser sensors, environmental sensors, and drones, along with high-speed computational resources. This article provides an overview of recent HTP technologies, focusing mainly on canopy-based phenotypes of major crops, such as canopy height, canopy coverage, canopy biomass, and canopy stressed appearance, in addition to crop organ detection and counting in the fields. Current topics in field HTP are also presented, followed by a discussion on the low rates of adoption of HTP in practical breeding programs.

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.cover, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

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On the coverPhenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially with the increasing demand for streamlining the selection process. However, manual phenotyping is inefficient and high-throughput phenotyping methods are often difficult to introduce in size-limited fields. We have developed a high-throughput field phenotyping rover optimized for size-limited breeding fields as open-source hardware, and demonstrated its capability to efficiently measure the wheat heading process using deep-learning image analysis (This issue, p. 66–74).(W. GUO: Field Phenomics Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo)

著者

Akemi Shimizu Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Konosuke Degi Toshikazu Morishita

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.623-630, 2020 (Released:2020-12-29)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 3

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We developed a new cultivar of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.), ‘Darumadattan’. This is the first semidwarf Tartary buckwheat cultivar to be developed by mutation breeding using gamma-ray irradiation. In 1999, 100 dry seeds of the leading Japanese cultivar, ‘Hokkai T8’ (known at that time as ‘Hokkei 1’), were gamma-ray-irradiated with a total dose of 500 Gy (25 Gy/h × 20 h) at the Institute of Radiation Breeding (IRB), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Hitachiomiya, Ibaraki, Japan. The seeds were sown in August 1999 in a field at IRB, and M2 seeds were collected from the eight individual plants that survived. In August 2000, 240 M2 seeds were sown in a field, and one semidwarf plant was found. The line named ‘IRBFT-20’ developed from the selected plant was investigated for its semidwarf characteristic and genetic stability in 2001–2005. ‘IRBFT-20’ was submitted for registration in 2011 and registered as the cultivar ‘Darumadattan’ in 2013. This name was chosen because the plants resemble “Daruma dolls” and “dattan” means “Tartary” in Japanese. ‘Darumadattan’ is a highly lodging-resistant and high-yielding cultivar and is expected to be used as both a commercial cultivar and a crossing parent.