著者

中川 元興 渡辺 進二

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.260-264, 1957

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15 crosses were used to study on the inheritance of kernel texture in wheat varieties which affects mealy and glassy of kernels and results were shown in table 1 and figure 1. From these results, the inheritance of kernel texture was proved to be influenced by factors in the generation of F<SUB>2</SUB> seed. The method of testing of kernel texture may be described as follows : After harvested, each kernel of parents and F<SUB>2</SUB> Seed was cut off middle part of kernel (cross section) by razer blade on the glass plate, and cross section of kernel was magnifyed by the magnifying glass (2. 5 fold) and selection which was made after a thorough comparison can be classified as follows. Glassy kernel (G) decided to select completely glassy, semi-glassy kernel (g) was selected almost parts (over 80%) of cross section were occupied by glassy, semi-mealy kernel (m) are occupied by mealy over 80% and mealy kernei (M) completely mealy. Segregation ratios was compared with glassy (contained G and g) and mealy (contained M and m). The results of segcrregation ratios to lernel texture of F<SUB>2</SUB> Seed generation, the factor hypothes and factor analysis were applied in this report as mentioned above. Results obtained may be summerized as follows.

著者

江口 恭三 岡 克

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.45-50, 1966

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栽培品種ヒックス・ブロードリーフから葉数の4~5枚多い低度多葉型個体を選抜し,育成固定をはかったが,固定系統が得られなかったので,その遺伝的原因を研究し,つぎのことを明らかにした。1)低度多葉型個体の自殖次代または通常品種との交雑次代において,普通型個体と多葉型個体とがそれぞれ1:2または1:1の割合に単性遺伝の分離を示した。2)多葉型個体は普通品種より高度の短日性を示す劣性遺伝子をもつヘテロ型であり,劣性ホモ個体は出現しなかった。3)劣性ホモ個体は接合体致死作用により不稔種子と在り枯死しているものと考えられた。4)接合体致死作用は劣性の短日性遺伝子がホモの場合にのみ認められ,両者はきわめて密接な関連をもっていた。

著者

高品 善 今西 茂 江頭 宏昌

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.33-37, 1997-03-01 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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トマトの野生種 'peruvianum-complex'に属する Lycopersicon peruvianum の5系統, L. peruvianum var. humifusum の2系統,L. chilenseの2系統を花粉親とし,栽培種2品種を種子親とするF1雑種およびF1を花粉親とするB1F1戻し交雑種を胚珠選抜法によって育成した。F1およびB1F1の獲得効率は果実あたり発芽数(GOF)により評価した。F1および1994年と1995年のB1F1についてGOFの栽培品種間の相関係数を求め,さらに,それらを組み合わせた相関係数を求めたところ,正の有意な値となった(r=0,750**,d.f.=11)。年次問においても組み合わせた相関係数は有意な正の高い値となった(r=0,907^*,d.f.=3)。F1とB1F1間の相関係数は,2栽培品種とも正であるが有意ではなく,組み合わせた相関係数も有意にはならなかった(r=0,433,d.f.=3)。しかし,供試した系統の中で1系統がF1とB1F1間で全く異なるGOFを示したので,この系統を除くと,F1とB1F1の間に正の有意な相関係数が得られた(強力大型東光:r=O.754*, d.f.=5;Early Pink:r=O.924*,d.f.=3)。相関係数に関するこれらの結果は,栽培種に対する野生種の交雑不親和性に関して野生種系統間で差があり,さらにB1F1の獲得において野生種の各系統の交雑不親和性がF1の場合と同じように現れることを示している。供試した系統の交雑不親和性を3グループに分けるとおおよそ次のようになった。最も高いグループに L. peruvianum var. humifusumの2系統が入っており,中間のグループの全てはL. peruvianumであった。最も交雑不親和性の低いグループはL. chilenseの2系統であった。一方,F1とB1F1の回帰直線は,Y(B1Fl)=O.1082X (F1)+ 0.3364:強力大型東光, Y=O.1054X + O.0366:Early Pinkとなった。この結果から,予想に反してB1F1の獲得効率がF1よりも小さいことが推察された。

著者

Li Chunhua Kobayashi Kiwa Yoshida Yasuko Ohsawa Ryo

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.303-309, 2012-12

被引用文献数

14

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The consumption of products made from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) has increased in recent years in Japan. Increased consumer demand has led to recognition of the need for early varieties of this crop with high and stable yields. In order to accomplish this, more information is needed on the genetic mechanisms affecting earliness and yield. We conducted genetic analysis of 3 agronomic traits (days to flowering, plant height and total seed weight per plant) to segregate F2 and F3 populations derived from a cross between Tartary buckwheat cultivars ‘Hokuriku No. 4’ and ‘Ishisoba’. Broad-sense heritability estimates for days to flowering, plant height and total seed weight were 0.70, 0.62 and 0.75, respectively, in F3 population. Narrow-sense heritability for total seed weight (0.51) was highest, followed by heritability for days to flowering (0.37), with heritability for plant height (0.26) lowest. Later flowering was associated with increased plant height and higher yields. From the F4 generation, we identified twelve candidate plants with earlier maturity and reduced plant height compared to ‘Hokuriku No. 4’, but almost the same total seed weight. These results suggest that hybridization breeding using the single seed descent (SSD) method is an effective approach for improving agronomic characteristics of Tartary buckwheat.

著者

Kobayashi Kiwa Arai Miyako Tanaka Atsushi Matsuyama Shigeru Honda Hiroshi Ohsawa Ryo

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.293-302, 2012-12

被引用文献数

23

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Floral scent attracts pollinators. We investigated the floral scent compounds recognized by pollinators in six Brassica crop species, including allogamous species with different genomes and autogamous species with two parental genomes and radish (Raphanus sativus). Biologically active compounds recognized by honeybees were screened from all floral compounds by combined gas chromatography–electroantennogram analysis and their profiles were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fourteen of the 52 compounds were active. All accessions had more than two active compounds, but the compounds greatly differed between the two genera. On the basis of similarities in whether active compounds were presence or absence, their amount and their composition ratio, we divided the Brassica accessions into three to five groups by cluster analyses. Most groups were composed of a mixture of allogamous and autogamous species sharing same genome, indicating that the variation depended on genome, not species. These results suggest that all species require pollinator visits for reproduction, despite their different reproductive systems. However, the inter-genus and intra-specific variations shown by the multiple groups within a species might cause different visitation frequencies by pollinators between genera and among accessions within a species, resulting in insufficient seed production in some accessions or species.

著者

志村 喬 稲葉 豊年

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.205-213, 1953-06-30 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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1. Several morphologicai and physiological characters of triploid varieties were compared with diploids. 2. There was no clear difference on the leaf size and shape between triploids and diploids, but triploid leaves were thicker than those of diploids. As a rule every internal tissue of triploid leaves was thicker than diploids. It is evident that triploid leaves had larger stomatas of which the distribution density vias lower, compared with diploids. 3. No difference between both the plants could be recognized on the res.istance to brown blight total nitrogen and tannin content in suminer, the reduced form vitamin C content in winter, and regeneration power in cutting. Triploid varieties was more hardy to cold, and some of them had extremely early growing spring bud. The water reserving ability of triploid leaves isolated from stem was greater than that of diploids in September, but the relation changed to be indifferent. in December. 4. Generally triploid fertility was very low but the difference of fertility between each triploid variety was noticed. The pollen grains of triploids showed high sterility. 5. From progenies of triploids, we discovered one aneuploid plant (2n=44). The characters were same like those of triploids and the meio. sis was proceeded abnormally. 6. With colchicine treatment to the growing point of germinated seeds, some tetraploid plants (2ri=60) were obtained. At present, tetraploid plants are growing slowly and they have, dwarf form.

著者

Okabe Yoshihiro Asamizu Erika Ariizumi Tohru Shirasawa Kenta Tabata Satoshi Ezura Hiroshi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.202-208, 2012-06

被引用文献数

26

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Novel mutant alleles of an ethylene receptor Solanum lycopersicum ETHYLENE RESPONSE1 (SlETR1) gene, Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2, were isolated from the Micro-Tom mutant library by TILLING in our previous study. They displayed different levels of impaired fruit ripening phenotype, suggesting that these alleles could be a valuable breeding material for improving shelf life of tomato fruit. To conduct practical use of the Sletr1 alleles in tomato breeding, genetic complementation analysis by transformation of genes carrying each allele is required. In this study, we generated and characterized transgenic lines over-expressing Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2. All transgenic lines displayed ethylene insensitive phenotype and ripening inhibition, indicating that Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 associate with the ethylene insensitive phenotype. The level of ethylene sensitivity in the seedling was different between Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 transgenic lines, whereas no apparent difference was observed in fruit ripening phenotype. These results suggested that it is difficult to fine-tune the extent of ripening by transgenic approach even if the weaker allele (Sletr1-2) was used. Our present and previous studies indicate that the Micro-Tom mutant library combined with TILLING could be an efficient tool for exploring genetic variations of important agronomic traits in tomato breeding.

著者

Mannai Yousra El Shehzad Tariq Okuno Kazutoshi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.151-159, 2012-06

被引用文献数

10 10

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Due to its critical importance in crop yield, the photoperiodic regulation of flowering time is considered an important trait in sorghum breeding programs. In this study, quantitative trait loci for flowering time were detected using an F2 population derived from a cross between Kikuchi Zairai, a late-flowering cultivar originating from Japan and SC112, an early-flowering cultivar originating from Ethiopia. F2 plants were grown with their parents under a natural day length and a 12 h day length. Two linkage maps were constructed using 213 simple sequence repeats markers. Nine quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time were identified in F2 plants grown under a natural day length, whereas 7 QTLs were identified under a 12 h day length. Five QTLs controlling flowering time were shared under both of the day length conditions.

著者

Tsukazaki Hikaru Honjo Masanori Yamashita Ken-ichiro Ohara Takayoshi Kojima Akio Ohsawa Ryo Wako Tadayuki

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.139-152, 2010

被引用文献数

11

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We investigated the correspondence between classifications based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and on morphological traits for 30 bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) varieties. We also examined applicability of an assignment test for variety identification in bunching onion. Cluster analysis based on the allele frequency data at 29 SSR loci classified most of the varieties except for ‘Iwatsuki-2’ into the predicted variety groups, ‘Kaga’, ‘Senju’ or ‘Kujo’, which were categorized based on morphological traits. Although ‘Iwatsuki-2’ has been regarded as a member of ‘Kaga’ group, molecular data suggested the variety belonging to ‘Kujo’ rather than ‘Kaga’. In the assignment test at the individual level, 89.1% of the individuals were assigned to their original variety. When the assignment was conducted based on groups each consisting of four individuals, the percentage of correct assignments was considerably improved (99.3%). These results suggested that the assignment test approach will be useful for variety identification in allogamous bunching onions, which have large within-variety genetic diversity. On the other hand, it was also suggested that sampling of true source varieties will be fundamental to avoid misjudgment.

著者

Mineo Senda Tasuku Kurauchi Atsushi Kasai Shizen Ohnishi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.523-530, 2012 (Released:2012-02-04)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

14 17

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In soybean seeds, numerous variations in colors and pigmentation patterns exist, most of which are observed in the seed coat. Patterns of seed coat pigmentation are determined by four alleles (I, ii, ik and i) of the classically defined I locus, which controls the spatial distribution of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the seed coat. Most commercial soybean cultivars produce yellow seeds with yellow cotyledons and nonpigmented seed coats, which are important traits of high-quality seeds. Plants carrying the I or ii allele show complete inhibition of pigmentation in the seed coat or pigmentation only in the hilum, respectively, resulting in a yellow seed phenotype. Classical genetic analyses of the I locus were performed in the 1920s and 1930s but, until recently, the molecular mechanism by which the I locus regulated seed coat pigmentation remained unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular suppressive mechanism of seed coat pigmentation in yellow soybean, with the main focus on the effect of the I allele. In addition, we discuss seed coat pigmentation phenomena in yellow soybean and their relationship to inhibition of I allele action.

著者

Yuichi Katayose Hiroyuki Kanamori Michihiko Shimomura Hajime Ohyanagi Hiroshi Ikawa Hiroshi Minami Michie Shibata Tomoko Ito Kanako Kurita Kazue Ito Yasutaka Tsubokura Akito Kaga Jianzhong Wu Takashi Matsumoto Kyuya Harada Takuji Sasaki

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.661-664, 2012 (Released:2012-02-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

11 13 3

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Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] is one of the most important leguminous crops and ranks fourth after to rice, wheat and maize in terms of world crop production. Soybean contains abundant protein and oil, which makes it a major source of nutritious food, livestock feed and industrial products. In Japan, soybean is also an important source of traditional staples such as tofu, natto, miso and soy sauce. The soybean genome was determined in 2010. With its enormous size, physical mapping and genome sequencing are the most effective approaches towards understanding the structure and function of the soybean genome. We constructed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from the Japanese soybean cultivar, Enrei. The end-sequences of approximately 100,000 BAC clones were analyzed and used for construction of a BAC-based physical map of the genome. BLAST analysis between Enrei BAC-end sequences and the Williams82 genome was carried out to increase the saturation of the map. This physical map will be used to characterize the genome structure of Japanese soybean cultivars, to develop methods for the isolation of agronomically important genes and to facilitate comparative soybean genome research. The current status of physical mapping of the soybean genome and construction of database are presented.

著者

Shizen Ohnishi Noriyuki Miyake Toru Takeuchi Fumiko Kousaka Satoshi Hiura Osamu Kanehira Miki Saito Takashi Sayama Ayako Higashi Masao Ishimoto Yoshinori Tanaka Shohei Fujita

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.618-624, 2012 (Released:2012-02-04)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

11 17 7

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Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) causes serious dwarfing, yellowing and sterility in soybean (Glycine max). The soybean cv. Adams is tolerant to SbDV infection in the field and exhibits antibiosis to foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani), which transmits SbDV. This antibiosis (termed “aphid resistance”) is required for tolerance to SbDV in the field in segregated progenies of Adams. A major quantitative trait locus, Raso1, is reported for foxglove aphid resistance. Our objectives were to fine map Raso1 and to reveal whether Raso1 alone is sufficient to confer both aphid resistance and SbDV tolerance. We introduced Raso1 into cv. Toyomusume by backcrossing and investigated the degree of aphid antibiosis to foxglove aphid and the degree of tolerance to SbDV in the field. All Raso1-introduced backcross lines showed aphid resistance. Interestingly, only one Raso1-introduced backcross line (TM-1386) showed tolerance to SbDV in the field. The results demonstrated Raso1 alone is sufficient to confer aphid resistance but insufficient for SbDV tolerance. Tolerance to SbDV was indicated to require additional gene(s) to Raso1. Additionally, Raso1 was mapped to a 63-kb interval on chromosome 3 of the Williams 82 sequence assembly (Glyma1). This interval includes a nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat encoding gene and two other genes in the Williams 82 soybean genome sequence.