著者

Takahiro Noda Kaoru Daiou Takashi Mihara Yukio Nagano

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21021, (Released:2021-10-12)

被引用文献数

7

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We previously developed insertion-deletion (InDel) markers that distinguish three genotypes (two homozygous and one heterozygous) of diverse citrus cultivars. These InDel markers were codominant and could be clearly detected by using simple agarose gel electrophoresis. We sought to establish a method for cultivar identification using these 28 InDel markers to genotype 31 citrus cultivars. The results revealed that a minimum of 6 markers were required to identify individuals using the three-genotype classification method. Furthermore, we found that a simple method for distinguishing between two genotypes (homozygous and heterozygous) could be used to identify individuals using a minimum of 7 markers. Our findings provide a basis for the development of simple and rapid citrus cultivar identification methods.

著者

Kousuke Seki

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20159, (Released:2021-08-20)

被引用文献数

6

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Coupled with the reduction in sequencing costs, the number of RAD-seq analysis have been surging, generating vast genetic knowledge in relation with many crops. Specialized platforms might be intimidating to non-expert users and difficult to implement on each computer despite the growing interest in the usage of the dataset obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Therefore, RAD-R scripts were developed on Windows10 for RAD-seq analysis, allowing users who are not familiar with bioinformatics to easily analyze big sequence data. These RAD-R scripts that run a flow from raw sequence reads of F2 population for the self-fertilization plants to the linkage map construction as well as the QTL analysis can be also useful to many users with limited experience due to the simplicity of copying Excel cells into the R console. During the comparison of linkage maps constructed by RAD-R scripts and Stacks, RAD-R scripts were shown to construct the linkage map with less missing genotype data and a shorter total genetic distance. QTL analysis results can be easily obtained by selecting the reliable genotype data that is visually inferred to be appropriate for error correction from the genotype data files created by RAD-R scripts.

著者

Takuya Wada Hiyori Monden Sachiko Isobe Kenta Shirasawa Takayuki Sueyoshi Chiharu Hirata Miyuki Mori Shiro Nagamatsu Yoshiki Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20151, (Released:2021-08-20)

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Male sterility is one of the reproductive isolation systems in plants and quite useful for F1 seed production. We previously identified three independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for male sterility of cultivated strawberry, Here, we identified the specific subgenomes in which these QTLs are located by QTL-seq approach. QTLs qMS4.1, qMS4.2, and qMS4.3 were mapped separately in subgenomes Fvb4-4, Fvb4-3, and Fvb4-1, respectively, in ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1. Candidate regions of qMS4.1 and qMS4.3 were clearly detected around 12–26 Mb in Fvb4-4 and 12–14 Mb in Fvb4-1, respectively; those of qMS4.2 were fragmented in Fvb4-3, which suggests that some scaffolds were incorrectly assembled in Fvb4-3. qMS4.3 was mapped to chr4X1 of ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3, and qMS4.1 and qMS4.2 were both mapped to chr4Av, which indicates that differentiation of the subgenomes in which both QTLs are located was insufficient in ‘Reikou’ r2.3. Although ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1 is an unphased map, which merges homologous chromosomes into one sequence, ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3 is a phased map, which separates homologous chromosomes. QTL mapping to different reference genomes clearly showed the specific features of each reference genome, and that using different kinds of reference map could accelerate fine mapping and map-based cloning of certain genes of cultivated strawberry.

著者

Yutaka Sato Katsutoshi Tsuda Yoshiyuki Yamagata Hiroaki Matsusaka Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Yuri Yoshida Ayumi Agata Kim Nhung Ta Sae Shimizu-Sato Toshiya Suzuki Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi Takahiko Kubo Shoko Kawamoto Ken-Ichi Nonomura Hideshi Yasui Toshihiro Kumamaru

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21005, (Released:2021-06-26)

被引用文献数

5

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Biological resources are the basic infrastructure of bioscience research. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a good experimental model for research in cereal crops and monocots and includes important genetic materials used in breeding. The availability of genetic materials, including mutants, is important for rice research. In addition, Oryza species are attractive to researchers for both finding useful genes for breeding and for understanding the mechanism of genome evolution that enables wild plants to adapt to their own habitats. NBRP-RICE contributes to rice research by promoting the usage of genetic materials, especially wild Oryza accessions and mutant lines. Our activity includes collection, preservation and distribution of those materials and the provision of basic information on them, such as morphological and physiological traits and genomic information. In this review paper, we introduce the activities of NBRP-RICE and our database, Oryzabase, which facilitates the access to NBRP-RICE resources and their genomic sequences as well as the current situation of wild Oryza genome sequencing efforts by NBRP-RICE and other institutes.

著者

Ning Wang Naoko Kitamoto Ryo Ohsawa Tatsuhito Fujimura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.107-112, 2008 (Released:2008-06-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

9 15

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Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a useful vegetable with diverse features and worldwide distribution; however, the diversification and domestication history of cultivated radish has not been well documented. In order to understand genetic relationships among radishes around the world and the resulting diversity, we analyzed 65 accessions of cultivated radish collected from 21 Eurasian and North African countries using 221 amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. These accessions formed four groups according to their provenance (Europe, Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia) in a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Despite geographical barriers, there might thus be a frequent exchange of germplasms within each region. The average genetic diversity did not differ significantly among the groups, ranging from 0.267 (Middle East) to 0.297 (East Asia), indicating that no obvious bottleneck effect in each region has occurred during the spread of this species.

著者

江川 宜伸 田中 正武

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.50-56, 1984-03-01 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

8 14

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トウガラシは新世界に起原した栽培植物で,4つの栽培種を含んでいる。C.chinenseは,アマゾン低地で広く栽培されており,同所的に分布しているC,frutescensがその祖先野生型である。C.baccatumは,栽培型と野生型の2つのvarietyから成り,栽培型var.pendulumは,ペルー及びボリビアで主に栽培されており,祖先野生型Var.baccatumは,ボリビア低地から高地にかけて自生している。筆者らは,南米で収集したこれらの種の系統間の類縁関係を明らかにするため種内及び種間雑種を作出し,その染色体対合を観察した。その結果,C.baccatumの種内雑種はすべて12"の正常な染色体対合と高い花粉稔性を示した。又,C.frutescensの種内雑種,及びC.chinenseとC.frutescensとの種間雑種も12"の対合と高い花粉稔性を示した。このことは,この両種の形態的類似性と考え併せて,C.chinenseとC.frutescensは,異なる種ではなく,ひとつの種と考えるべきであることを示唆している。C.baccatumとC.frutescensとの種間雑種では,多価染色体が観察された。又,一価の出現頻度が低く,これらの二種は,共通ゲノムを有すると結論された。この雑種の稔性は,極めて低く,C.baccatumとC.chinense/C.frutescensとの間には,生殖隔離が発達している。 本研究結果と野生型の地理的分布を考えると,これらの種は,元々或る共通の祖先種から一元的に起原し,その後地理的に隔離され,生殖隔離を生じたものと結論される。

著者

Young-Jun Park Kazuhiro Nemoto Tomotaro Nishikawa Kenichi Matsushima Mineo Minami Makoto Kawase

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.351-360, 2009 (Released:2009-12-18)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

17 20

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A full-length cDNA clone encoding granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI = Waxy gene) from grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) perisperm was isolated and characterized. Segregation of amylose content in F2 population suggested that the amylose content of A cruentus is controlled by a single gene, Waxy (GBSSI). cDNA clone of this gene is 2076 bp in length and contains an open reading frame of 1821 bp corresponding to a polypeptide of 606 amino acids residues, including a transit peptide of 77 amino acids. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences (3492 bp) suggested that the amaranth GBSSI gene has 12 introns, of which exons 1–13 contributed to the coding sequence. The mature protein shares 70.2–75.3% sequence identity with GBSSI of dicots and about 64.0–67.8% identity with those of monocots. This protein contains the conserved motif KTGGL found in other GBSSI proteins, which has been implicated as the active site in glycogen synthase. Sequence analysis predicted that GBSSI of amaranth has a transit peptide of 77 amino acids including FIR↓S, which is different cleavage site that of the other dicot species. These results will provide more useful information for understanding the structure/function relationship of this protein from amaranths perisperm.

著者

Kenji Fujino Utako Yamanouchi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19112, (Released:2020-06-05)

被引用文献数

6

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The optimization of flowering time is a key aspect in maximizing grain productivity in rice. Allelic variations in genes for flowering time are major drivers in the wide adaptability of cultivated rice around the world. Here, we identified a novel allele of flowering time gene Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 (Ghd7). Loss-of-function ghd7, Ghd7-0a, is important for extremely early flowering time for adaptability to cultivation in Hokkaido, Japan. However, the rice variety Sorachi lacks a key functional nucleotide polymorphism of Ghd7, which results in a loss of function of the gene. Based on the sequence of Ghd7 allele in Sorachi, we identified the insertion of a transposon-like sequence at an upstream site of Ghd7. Segregation analysis using an F2 population derived from the cross between Hoshinoyume and Sorachi demonstrated that the Ghd7 locus contributed to extremely early flowering time in Sorachi. This Ghd7 allele in Sorachi showed a weak function in terms of delay of flowering time, compared with loss-of-function allele, and a distinct distribution in northern Japan.

著者

Emdadul Haque Hiroaki Tabuchi Yuki Monden Keisuke Suematsu Kenta Shirasawa Sachiko Isobe Masaru Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19099, (Released:2020-05-19)

被引用文献数

10

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While sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) improvement has generally been done by field-based selection, molecular genetic studies on traits of interest, i.e., molecular markers are needed for enhancing the breeding program of this world’s 7th most important crop, as such markers facilitate marker-assisted selection. Here, we performed a combined approach of QTLs analyses and GWAS of storage root β-carotene content (BC), dry-matter (DM) and starch content (SC) using the genetic linkage maps constructed with 5,952 and 5,640 SNPs obtained from F1 progenies between cultivars ‘J-Red’ and ‘Choshu’. BC was negatively correlated with DM (r = –0.45) and SC (r = –0.51), while DM was positively correlated with SC (r = 0.94). In both parental maps, a total of five, two and five QTL regions on linkage groups 7 and 8 were associated with BC, DM and SC, respectively. In GWAS of BC, one strong signal (P = 1.04 × 10–9) was observed on linkage group 8, which co-located with one of the above QTL regions. The SNPs markers found here, particularly for β-carotene, would be useful base resources for future marker-assisted selection program with this trait.

著者

森田 潔

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.130-132, 1963-06-25 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

31

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朝鮮に栽培されている作物名としての莞草(ワングル)に含まれる種は,C.IwasakiiM、と,C.glomeratusL.との2種にして,大多数の品種がC.IwasakiiM.に属し,極少数の品種がC.glomeratusに属することが明らかになった。

著者

森田 潔

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.299-303, 1968-10-31 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

14

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Yield tests were made for fresh and air-dried stems, leaves and heads in 385 varieties of "Wangul" which contalns two specres Cyperus Iwasakii M. and C. glomeratus L. collected from all the parts in Korea. Then the examination was carried out to know how much the air-dried fiber and pith could be produced from the green stems of several varieties. As the result, the yielding differences between the two species and among the varieties in them were shown clearly.

著者

江口 恭三 前原 為矩

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.39-48, 1979

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近年沖縄県下で古い在来種タバコの子孫と思われる12の自生タバコの種子が蒐集されたが,これらの蒐集系統について,形態特性ならびに主要病害に対する抵抗性を調査するとともに育種素材としての有用性を検討した。これら蒐集系統の問にはきわめて広範な形態変異がみられ,草丈は95.3cmから171.9cm,葉数は9.8枚から17.3枚,葉型指数は0.471から0.764まであり,葉型には有柄と無柄,花色にはピンク,白,ピンクと白の絞りの3種類があった。病害抵抗性については,いずれも黒板病とうどんこ病にはある程度の低抗性を示したが,立枯病にはほとんどが罹病性で,疫病には高度抵抗性から罹病性まで広範な変真が認められた。従来わが国の在来種の中には疫病に対して高度な低抗性を示す品種はみつけられておらず,本試験で高度な低抗性を示した系統は育種素材として有用であると推察された。

著者

Kazutoshi Yashiro Hiroyoshi Iwata Yukari Akashi Ken-o Tomita Maki Kuzuya Yoshihiko Tsumura Kenji Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.197-206, 2005 (Released:2005-06-15)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

14 29

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Ninety-nine accessions of melon (Cucumis melo L.) mainly from East and South Asia were analyzed based on the polymorphism of 210 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) bands to reveal the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship in Asian melon. A cluster analysis based on their genetic similarity revealed three major clusters, i.e., a vars. makuwa and conomon group, a small-seed type group and a group of Japanese F1 cultivars and large-seed type accessions. Most of the East Asian melon accessions classified into the first group were of the small-seed type with a seed length shorter than 9.0 mm. The varieties of C. melo were roughly divided into two groups by a principal co-ordinate analysis based on AFLP data, that is, the group of vars. makuwa and conomon and small-seed type melon and the group of var. reticulatus and large-seed type melon. Indian melon accessions were rich in genetic variation. Melon accessions closely related to vars. makuwa and conomon were found in east India, and they were considered as possible candidates of the prototype of vars. makuwa and conomon.

著者

Ma. LaRue E. Ballesfin Ricky B. Vinarao Janice Sapin Sung-Ryul Kim Kshirod K. Jena

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18045, (Released:2018-08-23)

被引用文献数

2 9

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An intergeneric hybrid was successfully developed between Oryza sativa L. (IRRI 154) and Leersia perrieri (A. Camus) Launert using embryo rescue technique in this study. A low crossability value (0.07%) implied that there was high incompatibility between the two species of the hybrid. The F1 hybrid showed intermediate phenotypic characteristics between the parents but the plant height was very short. The erect plant type resembled the female parent IRRI 154 but the leaves were similar to L. perrieri. Cytological analysis revealed highly non-homology between chromosomes of the two species as the F1 plants showed 24 univalents without any chromosome pairing. The F1 hybrid plant was further confirmed by PCR analysis using the newly designed 11 indel markers showing polymorphism between O. sativa and L. perrieri. This intergeneric hybrid will open up opportunities to transfer novel valuable traits from L. perrieri into cultivated rice.

著者

Yoichiro Hoshino Noriko Kanematsu Masahiro Mii

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.360-366, 2018 (Released:2018-08-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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Lilies (Lilium spp.) are one of the most important floricultural crops. As most lily cultivars have originated from interspecific hybridization, they usually have complex genome composition and occasionally fail to develop normal gametes. Further improvement of lily cultivars by sexual crossing requires evaluation of gamete development and subsequent male and female fertility. Although male fertility is easily evaluated through microscopic observation after staining or by pollen culture for germination, evaluation of female fertility is difficult, because gametes develop inside an ovule within an ovary. Lilium species have the Fritillaria type of embryo sac, which, at maturity, consists of a haploid egg apparatus, including one haploid egg cell and two haploid synergids, two polar nuclei (one haploid nucleus and one triploid nucleus) and three triploid antipodal cells. Compared to the Polygonum type of embryo sac, composition of the embryo in the Fritillaria type of embryo sac is complex. We developed an efficient microscopic observation technique for ovules using the clearing procedure, which allowed us to categorize abnormal patterns of female gametes and to elucidate the frequency of abnormal female gamete development. The relationship among normal embryo sac, pollen stainability and seed formation in lily cultivars is discussed.

著者

Kana Takehara Kazumasa Murata Takuya Yamaguchi Kohei Yamaguchi Genki Chaya Shintaro Kido Yukimoto Iwasaki Hitoshi Ogiwara Takeshi Ebitani Kotaro Miura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18007, (Released:2018-06-23)

被引用文献数

25

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High-temperature stress during the ripening stage leads to quality deterioration due to an increase in chalky grains in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). In a previous study, we identified a QTL for Appearance quality of brown rice 1 (Apq1) using chromosome segment substitution lines of the indica cultivar ‘Habataki’ in the japonica cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ background and narrowed down the locus to a 48-kb region on chromosome 7. To verify the function and mechanisms of this QTL in grain appearance, in this study, we fine-mapped the gene and conducted high-temperature tolerance tests. As a result of the genetic mapping, we narrowed down the candidate region of Apq1 to a 19.4-kb region including three predicted genes. Among these, the temporal expression pattern of sucrose synthase 3 (Sus3) corresponded well with the high temperature-sensitive period during ripening, and expression of the ‘Habataki’ allele of Sus3 was increased under high-temperature condition. In addition, we transformed the ‘Habataki’ Sus3 gene into ‘Nipponbare’, and the transformants obtained high-temperature tolerance. Therefore, we conclude that the causal gene underlying the QTL Apq1 is the thermo-responsive Sus3 allele, and the increase in Sus3 expression under high-temperature condition during ripening leads to high-temperature tolerance in rice.

著者

Naonobu Noda

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.79-87, 2018 (Released:2018-04-10)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

47

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Flower color is the most important trait in the breeding of ornamental plants. In the floriculture industry, however, bluish colored flowers of desirable plants have proved difficult to breed. Many ornamental plants with a high production volume, such as rose and chrysanthemum, lack the key genes for producing the blue delphinidin pigment or do not have an intracellular environment suitable for developing blue color. Recently, it has become possible to incorporate a blue flower color trait through progress in molecular biological analysis of pigment biosynthesis genes and genetic engineering. For example, introduction of the F3′5′H gene encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase can produce delphinidin in various flowers such as roses and carnations, turning the flower color purple or violet. Furthermore, the world’s first blue chrysanthemum was recently produced by introducing the A3′5′GT gene encoding anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase, in addition to F3′5′H, into the host plant. The B-ring glucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanin that is synthesized by the two transgenes develops blue coloration by co-pigmentation with colorless flavone glycosides naturally present in the ray floret of chrysanthemum. This review focuses on the biotechnological efforts to develop blue flowers, and describes future prospects for blue flower breeding and commercialization.

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.cover, 2018 (Released:2018-04-14)

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On the coverFlower arrangements with blue chrysanthemums designed by H. Mogi (NARO). Blue chrysanthemums were created by introducing and co-expressing butterfly pea A3′5′GT and Canterbury bells F3′5′H. The blue coloration is due to intermolecular co-pigmentation between the newly synthesized anthocyanins and endogenous flavones (This issue, p. 79–87).(N. Noda: NARO)

著者

Yukari Masuta Akira Kawabe Kosuke Nozawa Ken Naito Atsushi Kato Hidetaka Ito

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17085, (Released:2018-03-24)

被引用文献数

14

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In plants, several transposable elements are conserved across species. We found a homolog of ONSEN, which is a heat-activated retrotransposon originally isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, in Vigna. The ONSEN-like elements (VaONS) were detected in all the analyzed Japanese accessions of Vigna angularis (adzuki bean) by Southern blot analysis. However, VaONS sequences were observed to be polymorphic in the different accessions. Interestingly, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was detected in some accessions of adzuki bean, indicating the conserved heat-activation of VaONS. Furthermore, we successfully induced retrotransposition of VaONS in adzuki plant regenerated through callus. Findings of our study should provide a new tool for molecular breeding of adzuki bean.

著者

野田 昭三

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

育種学雑誌 (ISSN:05363683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.173-176, 1967

被引用文献数

3

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キヒラトユリLilium leichtlinii var. leichtlinii(Hook. fil)(一名キバナノオニユリ L. leichtlinii J.D.HOOKER)はコオニユリ L. maximowiczii REGELに非常によく類似しているが、黄色花をつけることで明らかに異なっている。この植物は古くからわが国ではしばしば文献上に記録されているが、現在はほとんど自生をみることができない。しかし欧米では園芸的な価値が認められ、以前から球根がわが国から輸出されていた(清水1949)。今回この貴重な材料を入手し、コオニユリと比較研究する機会をえたので報告する。材料は秋田県仙北郡西木村の佐藤政一氏のもとで栽培・保存されているものの一部を譲りうけたもので、鱗茎を本学の実験圃場に移植した後に観察に供した。またこれと比較するために、同じ地域に自生するコオニユリを使用した。細胞学的観察は前報(NODA 1960)と同一の方法によった。